基于8位微控制器的参数自调整模糊控制DC/DC变换器

提出了一种基于8位微控制器实现的用于控制DC／DC变换器输出电压的参数自调整模糊控制方法。用参数自调整的策略来优化常规模糊控制器，提高了DC／DC变换器的控制性能。实验结果表明，所提出的新控制方法不仅具有良好的控制性能，而且容易用成本较低的8位微处理器来实现。     

Pseudo-resonant full bridge DC/DC converter

A DC-DC power converter topology that combines the ease of control and wide range of conventional DC-DC converters, with low switching losses, low dv/dt and low electromagnetic interference that is typical of zero voltage switched resonant converters is proposed. Consequently, the ratings of these components are substantially lower than for similarly rated resonant topologies. While resonant elements are used to ensure zero voltage switching of all devices, they have little or no role in the actual power transfer and can thus be reasonably sized. As the resonant elements are not involved in the primary power transfer, the converter is referred to as a pseudo-resonant converter. It is shown that the converter offers significantly higher levels of performance than either the pulse width-modulated (PWM) or typical resonant converters. Operation at very high frequencies is possible and is shown with the fabrication of a 200 W 1 MHz DC-DC converter     

A Novel FPSM Controller for DC-DC Switching Converters

This paper presents a novel fuzzy pulse skip modulation （FPSM） controller for switching direct current to direct current （DC-DC） converters based on fuzzy ratiocination modeling approach. Owing to the optimal consideration during the design and the nonlinear characteristics of the controller, improved dynamic responses of the FPSM controller can be achieved over conventional controllers. Compared with conventional proportion integral derivative （PID） control, FPSM control has 60% lower overshoot and 10% lower setting time under the same input voltage and output load change. The presented approach is general and can be applied to other types of DC-DC converters.     

DC/DC变换器自适应模糊逻辑控制器设计

文章为DC/DC变换器设计了一种自适应模糊逻辑控制器（AFLC）。所提出的AFLC不需要专家系统提供决策参数和控制规则,而是使用模型数据文件来产生参数和规则,该模型数据文件包含输入输出对的整体概况。所提出的控制器使用8位微控制器来实现降压、升压和降压-升压变换器。     

A 0.5-V power-supply scheme for low-power system LSIs using multi-V/sub th/ SOI CMOS technology

This paper proposes a novel power-supply scheme suitable for 0.5-V operating silicon-on-insulator (SOI) CMOS circuits. The system contains an on-chip buck DC-DC converter with over 90% efficiency, 0.5-V operating logic circuits, 100-MHz operating flip-flops at 0.5-V power supply, and level converters for the interface between the 0.5-V operating circuit and on-chip digital-to-analog (D/A) converters or external equipment. Based on the theory, the values of on-resistance and threshold voltage of SOI transistors are clarified for the 0.5-V/10-mW output DC-DC converter, which satisfies both high efficiency and low standby power. The proposed flip-flop can hold the data during the sleep with the use of the external power supply, while maintaining high performance during the active. The level converter comprises dual-rail charge transfer gates and a CMOS buffer with a cross-coupled nMOS amplifier to operate with high speed even in a conversion gain of higher than 6, where the conversion gain is defined as the ratio of the output and input signal swings. The test chip was fabricated for the 0.5-V power supply scheme by using multi-V/sub th/ SOI CMOS technology. The experimental results showed that the buck DC-DC converter achieved a conversion efficiency of 91% at 0.5-V/10-mW output with stable recovery characteristics from the sleep, and that the dual-rail level converter operated with a maximum data rate of 300 Mb/s with the input signal swing of 0.5 V.     

The control of switching DC-DC converters-a general LWR problem

The control of switching DC-DC converters is reviewed. It is regarded as a general linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem, and an innovative optimal and robust digital controller is proposed. The control strategy adopted can achieve good regulation, rejection of modest disturbances, and the ability to cater to switching converters with RHP zeros. This controller design is a general approach that is applicable to all PWM-type DC-DC converters with their circuit topologies known or unknown. Modern CAD techniques are used to reach the final control law. Application to a published Cuk converter is used as an example, and the performance is evaluated     

Solar Energy System with Digital Controller for Grid Connected Systems

The solar photovoltaic (PV) module output voltage changes according to the variation of light intensity and temperature. This paper presents the implementation of an automatic digital controller of a DC-DC boost converter without batteries for a solar cell module by using a peripheral interface controller, which forms a closed loop, to control the ON-OFF period of the switching pulse. The output of DC-DC converter is maintained by automatically increasing or decreasing the pulse width. To produce the pulse width modulation (PWM), the microcontroller is programmed according to the required duty cycle for the power switch. The PWM ON period is increased with the decrease in the PV voltage and vice-versa. The input voltage to the inverter is maintained constantly and is converted into an AC signal by using the metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) H-bridge operated in the sinusoidal pulse width modulation mode by using a PIC (peripheral interface controller) microcontroller. The generated AC signal can be connected to the AC grid or to the AC load. The simulated results by using Proteus 8 and hardware implemented results verify the effectiveness of the proposed controller.     

Fuzzy logic control of a space-vector PWM current regulator forthree-phase power converters

This paper presents a fuzzy logic implementation of space-vector pulse-width modulation (PWM) for three-phase power converters. The conventional space-vector PWM current regulator implementation is generally computationally complex. The fuzzy logic controller implementation relieves the processor of a number of computations, thereby accommodating a less expensive microprocessor. The AC-side rectifier voltages are used as fuzzy-state variables. The fuzzy logic control has two outputs: magnitude and angle of reference voltage. Both conventional space-vector PWM and the fuzzy logic controller are implemented to evaluate performance using a 16-b microcontroller (68HC16). Experimental results are provided for both controllers at the same operating point, where the power drawn by the load is about 3 kW. The fuzzy logic controller reduces the computational burden on the processor by about 30%     

Single-switch 3φ PWM low harmonic rectifiers

Existing 3φ AC-DC low-harmonic rectifiers are costly and require complex control schemes to minimize input current harmonics. Introduced here are two new classes of low cost 3φ AC-DC high power factor/low harmonic controlled rectifiers. These are derived from parent DC-DC converter topologies containing boost-type inputs and buck-type inputs. With a single active switch in addition to the diode bridge rectifier, the converters are capable of drawing a high-quality input current waveform naturally at nearly unity power factor. Thus, a simple 3φ AC-DC high power factor rectifier is obtained. Two algorithms are introduced in this paper for constructing a 3φ AC-DC high-quality rectifier. These algorithms depend on the simple switched-mode boost-type input converter and buck-type input converter modified by an input filter. For most known DC-DC converters which belong to these classes, there are corresponding 3φ AC-DC high power factor topologies, which use the same number of transistors and use six additional fast diodes. Analytical and simulation results are supplied to demonstrate the validity of the concept     

A low noise high efficiency buck DC-DC converter with sigma-delta modulation

Some research efforts to improve the efficiency and noise performance of buck DC-DC converters are explored.A carefully designed power MOSFET driver,including a dead time controller,discontinuous current mode(DCM) controller and gate width controller,is proposed to improve efficiency.Instead of PWM modulation, sigma-delta modulation is introduced into the feedback loop of the converter to move out the clock-referred harmonic spike.The proposed converter has been designed and fabricated by a 0.35μm CMOS process.Measured results show that the peak efficiency of the converter can reach 93%and sigma-delta modulation suppresses the harmonic spike by 30 dB over PWM modulation.     

A single-phase converter with a high-frequency current-sourced link

Duality relationships that have proved useful in the development of DC-DC converter topologies are applied to existing voltage stiff high-frequency link force-commutated converters. This new area of application of the duality concept results in the development of new current stiff link converters that retain the advantages of current fed DC-DC converters. The requirements on the converters enforced by the need for instantaneous balance of input and output powers are examined. A current control technique has been developed that controls the charge delivered to the load during each switching cycle. This allows a wide bandwidth voltage regulator to be applied. Finally, the results obtained with a low-power prototype and a reactive load are presented. The new converter requires only four power MOSFETs and relatively simple controls and is reversible     

An automated algorithm for small signal analysis of DC-DC powerconverters

Based on a generalized state-space sampled data modeling, an iterative and efficient algorithm for deriving the small signal transfer functions of any DC-DC power converter is proposed. This algorithm is suitable to be implemented in a software program as an analytical tool for automated control analysis of general DC-DC power converters. Such a tool would reduce considerably the time needed by research engineers in modeling existing and new topologies and control methods. The algorithm proposed is applicable to different kinds of linear and nonlinear control methods. It has been verified on different power converters and control methods     

Fuzzy PI-type controller design for boost converter

We consider the fuzzy controller design problem for a boost DC-DC converter. We design a fuzzy PI-type controller based on the common control engineering knowledge that the transient control performance can be improved if we increase the P and I gains as the error grows. Using Kharitonov’s theorem, we derive a closed-loop control system stability condition which can be used to tune the fuzzy PI control parameters. Finally, we give simulation and experimental results to show the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed method.     

A topology survey of single-stage power factor corrector with aboost type input-current-shaper

A topological review of the single stage power factor corrected (PFC) rectifiers is presented in this paper. Most reported single-stage PFC rectifiers cascade a boost-type converter with a forward or a flyback DC-DC converter so that input current shaping, isolation, and fast output voltage regulation are performed in one single stage. The cost and performance of single-stage PFC converters depend greatly on how its input current shaper (ICS) and the DC-DC converter are integrated together. For the cascade connected single-stage PFC rectifiers, the energy storage capacitor is found in either series or parallel path of energy flow. The second group appears to represent the main stream. Therefore, the focus of this paper is on the second group. It is found that many of these topologies can be implemented by combining a two-terminal or three-terminal boost ICS cell with DC-DC converter along with an energy storage capacitor in between. A general rule is observed that translates a three-terminal ICS cell to a two-terminal ICS cell using an additional winding from the transformer and vice verse. According to the translation rule, many of the reported single-stage PFC topologies can be viewed as electrically equivalent to one another. Several new PFC converters were derived from some existing topologies using the translation rule     

A fuzzy neural network controller for parallel-resonant ultrasonicmotor drive

A newly designed driving circuit for the traveling-wave-type ultrasonic motor (USM), which consists of a push-pull DC-DC power converter and a current-source two-phase parallel-resonant inverter, is presented in this study. Moreover, since the dynamic characteristics of the USM are difficult to obtain and the motor parameters are time varying, a fuzzy neural network (NN) controller is proposed to control the USM drive system. In the proposed controller, a fuzzy model-following controller is implemented to control the rotor position of the USM, and an online trained NN with variable learning rates is implemented to tune the output scaling factor of the fuzzy controller. To guarantee the convergence of tracking error, analytical methods based on a discrete-type Lyapunov function are proposed to determine the desired variable learning rates. From the experimental results, accurate tracking response can be obtained by the proposed controller, and the influences of parameter variations and external disturbances on the USM drive also can be reduced effectively     

Novel three-controller average current mode control of DC-DC PWMconverters with improved robustness and dynamic response

This paper presents a novel average current mode control (ACC) strategy for the control of pulse width modulated (PWM) DC-DC converters, which represents a drastic improvement over conventional ACC. This new method consists of the addition of an auxiliary controller into the control loop, besides the current and voltage regulators. The model-based auxiliary controller can increase the closed loop small-signal bandwidth of Buck derived converters, preserving loop gain crossover frequency and stability margins over significant changes of the power stage passive elements values, the load and the line voltage. Moreover, this control scheme shows much better disturbance rejection properties, i.e., closed loop impedance and audiosusceptibility, than conventional ACC. From a control theory point of view, robust performance is achieved preserving stability. A Buck prototype has been experimentally tested with different LC output filters, line and load conditions, including discontinuous conduction mode. Measurements of the small signal frequency response of the converter have been carried out, showing the improvement achieved by the proposed control scheme. The empirical large signal response of the converter under load steps is also shown in order to validate the concept     

Novel reduced-order small-signal model of a three-phase PWMrectifier and its application in control design and system analysis

A reduced-order (RO) small-signal model of three-phase pulse-width-modulation (PWM) rectifiers is proposed. By combining the PWM switch model and equivalent multimodule model techniques in DC-DC converters, a three-phase rectifier can be modeled as a DC-DC converter with equivalent power capability and small-signal characteristics. This model reduces the system order to two and greatly simplifies the control design and system analysis of three-phase converters. In this paper, the proposed model is also used for control design and for system interaction analysis on the three-phase interface of a boost rectifier. The RO model is verified with the d-q model, switching-model simulation, and experimental results     

移相全桥软开关变换器的研究和设计

DC/DC变换器主要向着高效率、高功率密度、高质量输出和高可靠性方向发展.移相全桥软开关变换器的研究在这方面也显得较为突出.本文主要针对变换器的性能进行研究,设计一种能够实现升压的高效隔离DC-DC变换器,并使之广泛应用.     

A monolithic current-mode CMOS DC-DC converter with on-chip current-sensing technique

A monolithic current-mode CMOS DC-DC converter with integrated power switches and a novel on-chip current sensor for feedback control is presented in this paper. With the proposed accurate on-chip current sensor, the sensed inductor current, combined with the internal ramp signal, can be used for current-mode DC-DC converter feedback control. In addition, no external components and no extra I/O pins are needed for the current-mode controller. The DC-DC converter has been fabricated with a standard 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The measured absolute error between the sensed signal and the inductor current is less than 4%. Experimental results show that this converter with on-chip current sensor can operate from 300 kHz to 1 MHz with supply voltage from 3 to 5.2 V, which is suitable for single-cell lithium-ion battery supply applications. The output ripple voltage is about 20 mV with a 10-/spl mu/F off-chip capacitor and 4.7-/spl mu/H off-chip inductor. The power efficiency is over 80% for load current from 50 to 450 mA.