快速原型制造及其基本原理

一、赋予制造业新生命力的快速原型技术 快速原型与制造技术是国外80年代后期发展起来的一种新技术。它涉及CAD/CAM技术、数据处理技术,CNC技术、测试传感技术、激光技术等多种机械、电子技术,材料技术和计算机软件技术,是各种高技术的综合应用。它与虚拟制造技术一起被称为未来产品创新的两大支柱技术。它对缩短产品开发周期,降低产品开发费用具有极其重要的意义,甚至有人祢快速原型与制造技术是继CNC技术后制造技术的又一次革命。 随着以信息技术为主导的现代科学技术的迅速发展,传统的制造技术正在发生极其深刻的重大转变,主要表现在产品生命周期缩短,用户需求多样化和交货期日益缩短成为竞争的三个主要因素。快速原型技术与其它制造技术集成后,在新产品开发的时间和费用上将节约10％～50％,它在产品设计和制造过程中的作用如图1所示。     

模具注塑加工中的RPM技术

快速制造技术是由计算机辅助设计(CAD)、反求工程(Reverse Engoneering，造简称RE)、快速成形和快速制模一起在信息互联网支持下，形成一套快速制造系统的技术。它与虚拟原型(Virtual Prototype，简称VP)、快速原型(RP)、快速模具技术(RT)息息相关。     

虚拟原型技术及其在快速产品开发中的应用

本文将虚拟现实现技术与原型建造融为一体,提出了一种虚拟原型设计的新思维。介绍了虚拟现实及原型的概念、特征和建模,详细阐述了虚拟原型技术的概念、原理及其建模,并对虚拟原型技术在快速产品开发中的应用作了较为详尽的说明。     

面向制造的减速器虚拟产品设计支持系统

以摆线针轮减速器为对象建立产品的ＤＦＭ体系结构,研究面向制造的减速器虚拟产品设计的关键技术：产品总体设计、零件特征造型、特征评价、制造资源库的建立、设计方案评价及再设计、产品变型设计及装配分析等,并开发了原型系统。该原型系统的开发有利于ＤＦＭ技术和虚拟产品开发技术的研究。     

基于虚拟现实的原型分析技术探究

通过对虚拟制造系统技术本质的分析 ,将虚拟制造技术分为虚拟制造单元技术和虚拟制造系统技术。虚拟原型分析技术是虚拟制造单元技术的一个重要组成部分 ,其目的是实现产品性能评估和优化设计 ,文章详细地探讨该技术的内涵、特点及实现的关键技术。     

基于虚拟原型技术的模具设计探讨

为了能够快速响应多变的市场需求,在模具设计与制造过程中运用虚拟原型技术可以有效地降低模具制造和试模的成本,缩短制造周期.就虚拟原型技术的优点及缺点加以阐述,分析应用中所存在的主要问题,并提出相应对策和解决方案.     

面向产品快速开发的几何推理和虚拟原型

计算制造旨在解决制造系统和制造过程的计算复杂性问题，以实现产品快速开发，探讨了计算制造的基本概念、研究内容和典型问题，对计算制造的理论基础和体系结构进行了有益探索。详细讨论了支持产品快速开发的几个关键使能技术：几何推理、反求工程和虚拟原型，并扼要介绍了在这些方面的有关研究成果，为产品快速开发的研究提供了一些新的思路和方法。     

基于快速原型技术的产品成型研究

从快速原型的原理出发对快速原型技术的数据处理和工艺方法进行了分析和研究,并利用UG软件进行产品设计与开发,同时对产品模型进行功能分析,利用快速原型设备制作出产品的实体模型,在此基础上对产品设计方案进行了修改与设计评价。     

I-DEAS中ESC的研究与应用

结合仪表造型设计系统的开发工作,对CAE在仪表产品造型设计中的应用技术进行了研究,借助计算机分析计算,模拟各种试验方案,对确保产品设计的合理性,缩短设计周期和减少设计成本,快速实现仪表产品造型虚拟原型逼真设计,提供了快捷可行的方法.     

快速原型制造技术的应用及进展

介绍了国外快速原型制造（ＲＰＭ）技术的应用情况与进展,以及国内快速原型制造技术的研究和应用现状。     

新型无杆飞机牵引车夹持机构

针对传统无杆牵引车夹持机构对飞机前起落架的自由度限制过多的问题,提出一种新型夹持机构模型,设计了虚拟样机,并采用Pro/E建模和ADAMSIN仿真的方法进行了三维建模、实体装配、干涉检查、仿真验证。结果表明该设计是合理可行的,为实体制作提供了重要依据。     

Mixed Reality-based Interactive Technology for Aircraft Cabin Assembly

Due to the narrowness of space and the complexity of structure, the assembly of aircraft cabin has become one of the major bottlenecks in the whole manufacturing process. To solve the problem, at the beginning of aircraft design, the different stages of the lifecycle of aircraft must be thought about, which include the trial manufacture, assembly, maintenance, recycling and destruction of the product. Recently, thanks to the development of the virtual reality and augmented reality, some low-cost and fast solutions are found for the product assembly. This paper presents a mixed reality-based interactive technology for the aircraft cabin assembly, which can enhance the efficiency of the assemblage in a virtual environment in terms of vision, information and operation. In the mixed reality-based assembly environment, the physical scene can be obtained by a camera and then generated by a computer. The virtual parts, the features of visual assembly, the navigation information, the physical parts and the physical assembly environment will be mixed and presented in the same assembly scene. The mixed or the augmented information will provide some assembling information as a detailed assembly instruction in the mixed reality-based assembly environment. Constraint proxy and its match rules help to reconstruct and visualize the restriction relationship among different parts, and to avoid the complex calculation of constraint's match. Finally, a desktop prototype system of virtual assembly has been built to assist the assembly verification and training with the virtual hand.     

敏捷制造环境下虚拟产品的协同设计模式

对敏捷制造环境下产品的设计模式进行了研究。阐述了基于客户需求的产品虚拟设计的体系结构。分析了网络化协同设计的体系结构和协同模式；在此基础上，提出了敏捷制造环境下虚拟产品的协同设计模式。     

RESEARCH ON PRODUCT INNOVATION DESIGN IN VIRTUAL PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

An integrated template of virtual product development alters primarily sequential tradition mode of product lifecycle. The template integrates all processes of product development using digital modern. An environment of virtual product development provides product development environment of integration, communion, network, concurrent and collaboration. Combining development of new rapier loom, an innovated design process is researched in virtual product development, which consists three portions: constructing an integration development environment, innovation design andmanufacturing simulation. The innovated design process realizes reverse design, mechanism concept design, structuraldesign and analysis, performance analysis and manufacturing process simulation of virtual product, which can enhancegreatly product performance and reduce cost and development cycle of new product.     

基于RPM/PDM技术的集成快速设计与制造系统的研究

简述了现代工程设计与制造的发展趋势 ,提出了基于 RPM/ PDM技术的集成快速设计与制造系统的体系结构 ,并分析了系统的工作流程 ,最后分析了基于 RPM/PDM技术的集成快速设计与制造系统的特点     

飞机制造质量保证技术研究

针对当前飞机制造企业信息系统众多、质量信息数据来源不一致、对贯穿飞机研制全生命周期的产品三维数模缺乏相应的质量控制与保证技术等问题,通过分析飞机研制质量形成过程,研究了产品设计、工艺设计、工装准备、生产制造和检验检测各阶段质量保证手段,在此基础上提出飞机制造质量管控框架系统,并对产品模型质量检查和质量数据采集技术进行了初步研究。     

Development of a prototype customer-oriented virtual factory system

Current Computer integrated manufacturing/Enterprise Resource Planning (CIM/ERP) systems require harmony and communication between humans and facilities. A user’s preferences should also be considered in CIM/ERP systems. Virtual factory (VF), also known as virtual manufacturing (VM), systems can fulfill the requirements of current CIM/ERP systems. A VF system simulates virtual production in a virtual factory environment on the computer system which allows optimization prior to going into production. In this paper, we defined a VF system as a pre-analyzing system for designing, engineering and manufacturing a product in the enterprise system of the real world. The objective of this paper is to design a VF system and to develop a prototype system that the customer can participate in and be satisfied with. We selected a telephone as a sample product for the VF system. The VF system consists of four subsystems: virtual product ordering, design, manufacturing, and CIM/ERP interface. The prototype system aims to develop a virtual product ordering and design system.     

Development of a prototype customer-oriented virtual factory system

Current Computer integrated manufacturing/Enterprise Resource Planning (CIM/ERP) systems require harmony and communication between humans and facilities. A user’s preferences should also be considered in CIM/ERP systems. Virtual factory (VF), also known as virtual manufacturing (VM), systems can fulfill the requirements of current CIM/ERP systems. A VF system simulates virtual production in a virtual factory environment on the computer system which allows optimization prior to going into production. In this paper, we defined a VF system as a pre-analyzing system for designing, engineering and manufacturing a product in the enterprise system of the real world. The objective of this paper is to design a VF system and to develop a prototype system that the customer can participate in and be satisfied with. We selected a telephone as a sample product for the VF system. The VF system consists of four subsystems: virtual product ordering, design, manufacturing, and CIM/ERP interface. The prototype system aims to develop a virtual product ordering and design system.     

基于Pro/E的虚拟设计与制造环境的研究与开发

虚拟制造技术是多个学科领域知识的综合集成与应用，计算机仿真，建模和优化技术是虚拟制造的核心与关键技术。依据虚拟制造的思想，结合成熟的CAD/CAM产品和虚拟现实技术，构建了一个集成的虚拟设计与制造环境，讨论了各模块的功能以及系统开发的关键技术和开发环境。创建了原型系统，对虚拟制造技术的应用进行了初步探索。     

虚拟制造技术及其在天文仪器设计中的应用

虚拟制造技术在现代的制造行业起着非常重要的作用,它不仅能够缩短产品的开发周期,而且能够降低产品开发的费用和风险。首先介绍了国内天文仪器的情况和虚拟制造技术的细节及其关键技术,其次介绍了虚拟制造技术与其它先进技术的联系,例如有限元分析方法。最后,描述了在现代天文仪器制造中应用虚拟技术的好处。