领结型和椭圆型保偏光纤的应力和模式分析

应用有限元方法对领结型和椭圆型保偏光纤的热应力双折射特性和模式双折射进行了分析,给出了这两种保偏光纤的应力和双折射分布规律.对领结型保偏光纤,研究了纤芯的双折射和模式双折射随着应力区离纤芯距离的变化规律;对椭圆型保偏光纤,研究了纤芯的应力双折射和模式双折射随包层椭圆度的变化规律;分析了光纤应力区结构对纤芯双折射大小和均匀性的影响,并将应力诱导双折射与模式理论计算结果进行了比较.     

“一”字型保偏光纤热应力致双折射分析

采用实验观测与理论模拟相结合的方法对“一”字型保偏光纤进行了研究。对保偏光纤的应力区与芯区的形状进行了观测,获得了它们的实际几何形状。在此基础上运用有限元方法分析了“一”字型保偏光纤内的热应力分布,解释了光纤芯区形变的原因,得到了由于热应力引起的光纤横截面的双折射的分布,并与相同应力区厚度的熊猫型保偏光纤进行了对比。实验结果表明,“一”字型保偏光纤采用熊猫型保偏光纤1/5的应力区面积便能获得较高的应力双折射。同时,通过研究径向压应力与温度变化对“一”字型保偏光纤应力双折射的影响,得到了光纤能稳定工作的压应力与温度环境。     

用多层矩形波导近似计算扁保偏光纤的双折射

本文提出了计算扁保偏光纤双折射的一个近似方法。首先建立了扁保偏光纤的多层矩形介质波导模型,再用类似于Marcatili解矩形介质波导方法,将多层矩形波导分解为两个垂直交叉的多层平板波导,最后求解多层平板波导得到矩形波导的传播常数和双折射。用这一方法计算了双折射与扁保偏光纤结构参数,如应力包层掺硼浓度、椭圆度和归一化频率等的关系曲线,可供设计和工艺人员参考。     

保偏光纤的应力双折射与结构优化

简单介绍了保偏光纤的应力双折射,并着重介绍了应用有限元法对"一"字型与熊猫型结构保偏光纤的应力双折射的对比分析.分析结果表明,对"一"字型而言,纤芯区的双折射在一定范围内随应力区的长度及宽度加大而增大;在相同剖面结构参数条件下,"一"字型光纤应力区对双折射的贡献约为熊猫型光纤的1.3倍;无论是何种结构的保偏光纤,缩小应力区与纤芯之间的距离是增大纤芯区双折射更为有效的途径.同时对保偏光纤结构优化的趋势进行了展望.     

非通视方位传递系统中保偏光纤分析

根据非通视方位传递系统对保偏光纤双折射的设计要求,重点分析了不同类型保偏光纤参数对双折射的影响。首先,从光纤应力应变、变分原理和应力光弹效应出发,推导建立保偏光纤应力光学耦合关系;然后,借助有限元分析软件研究了不同因素对保偏光纤双折射值的影响,并对两种保偏光纤（熊猫型保偏光纤和领结型保偏光纤）进行了对比分析。结果表明:在纤芯中心附近,减小纤芯与应力区的距离、增大应力区半径大小、固定纤芯尺寸时增大包层半径、提高保偏光纤参考温度等措施都能明显提高双折射值。同等条件下领结型保偏光纤产生的双折射值更大。研究成果能够为非通视方位传递系统中保偏光纤的设计选型提供一定的参考。     

"1"字型保偏光纤的结构设计及其制备

保偏光纤是利用高双折射光纤的特性,使两个偏振模在传输过程中不易耦合,维持偏振态的稳定.目前一般通过应力致偏的方法使光纤纤芯内产生高的双折射,这种高双折射主要是由于光纤内不同材料的线膨胀系数差产生的内应力而形成,其机理满足应力-光弹效应,因而对应力致偏型高双折射保偏光纤的结构设计提出较高的要求.对新型"1"字型细径保偏光纤的结构设计及工艺制备方法进行了详细阐述.     

圆芯边孔光纤模式场分布和双折射的研究

对圆芯边孔光纤双折射的研究结果进行报道.使用有限元方法建立了包括计算圆芯边孔光纤横截面应力分布、折射率分布和双折射的模型,计算了圆芯边孔光纤的模式场分布、几何双折射和应力致双折射.研究表明,圆芯边孔光纤的应力致双折射很小,这是圆芯边孔光纤自身的特殊结构造成的.比较了几种不同边孔形状的光纤的双折射,提出了圆芯边孔光纤的优化结构.     

计算保偏光纤中应力双折射的微元算法

本文研究了计算保偏光纤中应力双折射特性的微元算法,对其计算值进行了理论验证。微元算法可计算以往理论方法无法讨论了非理想保偏光纤中的应力双折射。此算法的计算结果可应用于保偏光纤制造时的工艺设计,以及保偏光纤定轴时的偏差量修正等。文中给出了应用实例。     

一种高双折射低损耗大负色散光子晶体光纤的设计

设计了一种新型光子晶体光纤结构,该光纤包层包含六个由不同形状空气孔组成的轴对称的三角晶格,并在中间沿x轴引入一排大小不同的椭圆空气孔,实现了高双折射、低限制性损耗和大负色散特性。构建了该光子晶体光纤的有限元模型,基于该模型研究了中心两个空气孔的偏转角对LP₀₁模和LP₁₁模的模场分布、双折射系数、限制性损耗和色散系数的影响。研究表明,在偏转角α=90°时该型光纤具有最优性能,即LP₀₁模可在波长为1550nm处获得高达3.618×10-2的双折射、仅为1.999×10-14dB/m的限制性损耗以及低至-764ps/(nm·km)的大负色散,其综合传输特性优于现有典型光子晶体光纤。     

一种新结构的高双折射光子晶体光纤

设计了一种新型的高双折射光子晶体光纤(PCF)。在光纤包层中引入2种不同尺寸的空气孔,使光纤只具有二重对称性,呈现出较高的双折射,在短波长区,双折射值比普通的保偏光纤的要高得多。当2种孔径比大于1时,相当于在光纤中引入了W型有效折射率曲线分布,因此在长波长区基模会截止。采用改进的超格子全矢量模型与平面波法相结合对光纤的光特性进行了分析,结果表明,在波长1 310 nm处,其模式双折射为1.8×10-3;在1.4μm~1.6μm的波长范围内,只有基模的1个偏振态可在光纤中传输。该新型PCF能够实现单偏振单模运转,可以从根本上消除偏振串扰和偏振模色散。     

General solutions for stress-induced polarization in optical fibers

General solutions of thermal stresses and material birefringence in polarization-maintaining optical fibers are presented. The solutions give the stresses and birefringence at every point in the cross section of various fibers. The fundamental solution of the stress field is constructed by using the complex variable method in elasticity. When the cores, inner claddings, or stress-inducing regions are ellipses, circles, or bow-tie shapes, exact closed-form solutions can be found. The average core birefringence and center core birefringence of elliptical core, elliptical cladding, twin core, Panda, and bow-tie fibers are calculated and compared. Among these fibers, the bow-tie fiber shows the highest birefringence     

Analytical method for calculation of stresses and material birefringence in polarization-maintaining optical fiber

An analytical method is presented for the calculation of 1 thermal stress and the material birefringence in polarization-maintaining 1 optical fiber. The method is based on the thermoelastic displacement c potential in which the principle of superposition applies. The method is applicable to any fiber structure. Its application to fibers with isolated stress-producing regions and a variety of core shapes is demonstrated. The optimum fiber parameters required to achieve maximum material birefringence for fibers with circular or bow-tie shaped stress regions are given. It is also shown that the thermal stresses tend to make the bow-tie fiber more crack-resistant than the fiber with circular stress lobes.     

高双折射光子晶体光纤特性分析

建立了基于透明边界条件(TBC)的全矢量迦辽金有限元法(FEM)分析二维光子晶体光纤(PCF)的模型,并对椭圆芯等5种高双折射光子晶体光纤基模的模式双折射、限制损耗及色散特性进行了数值分析和比较.通过减小内包层中沿x方向的空气孔,增大沿y方向的空气孔构成的一种光子晶体光纤的模式双折射在波长1550 nm处高达5.96×10-3,而椭圆芯光子晶体光纤为1.52×10-3.研究表明,可通过增加内包层中两个正交方向上空气孔的尺寸差来获得高双折射;同时还得出内包层中放大的空气孔减小限制损耗,增加色散,而减小空气孔尺寸带来的影响则刚好相反;内包层上空气孔数量越少,色散越平坦.     

Modal birefringence measurements of polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers without and with stretching by optical heterodyne interferometry

Precision measurements of modal birefringence in polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers and its stretch-dependence are described. An orthogonally polarized two-frequency laser beam is launched into some length of a fiber in accordance with the principal axes of the fiber. After a passage through the fiber, its optical heterodyne detection processes are made to produce a beat-photocurrent signal whose phase is linear to modal birefringence. The modal birefringence is accurately measured by detecting the phase change of the beat signal resulting from a short cut of the fiber. The stretch-dependent change in modal birefringence is also examined in detail and is recognized to be in proportion to the longitudinal strain of the fiber.     

一种高双折射光子晶体光纤及其保偏特性研究

对纤芯附近引入两个大孔的光子晶体保偏光纤(PM-PCF)双折射特性进行分析,通过调节大孔直径和小孔直径,给出PM-PCF最优化的设计参数.同时,在包层采用选择性填充方法,使双折射进一步提高.采用有限元法(FEM),模拟并分析了该光纤的偏振特性和基模模场分布.研究表明:采用本文方法使PM-PCF的模式双折射比普通PM-P...     

Polarization-maintaining optical fibers with hollow circular pits

This paper gives a detailed investigation on the polarization-maintaining optical fibers with one hollow circular pit across the core-clad interface (single circular-pit fiber (SCF)), and two hollow circular pits across the core-clad interface (double circular-pit fiber (DCF)). The field problems are analyzed by the improved point matching method. Waveguide parameters of SCF and DCF which provide the largest modal birefringence, are investigated. It was found from numerical analysis that 1) the maximum modal birefringence Bmaxfor DCF is larger than that for SCF and 2) the value ofB_{max} = 4.49 times 10^{-4}has been attained for DCF when the refractive-index difference is 0.5 percent. Zero-polarization-mode dispersion can be realized atV=V_{max}, but cannot be realized just atV = V_{max}, whereVis normalized frequency and Vmaxis the value ofVfor Bmax. These results are quite reliable because a) the relative error of the modal birefringence computed by our method is less than 10^-4and b) this new method never produces ghost solutions.     

High-resolution measurement of birefringence profiles instress-induced polarization-maintaining fibers

A novel technique for measuring the local refractive-index anisotropy in stress-induced polarization-maintaining fibers is presented. This technique is an extension of the well-known refracted near-field method for high-resolution measurement of refractive-index profiles. The application of this technique to two different types of fiber reveals birefringence profiles as well as differential stress profiles. Calculated birefringent profiles determined by means of a finite-element method are in good agreement with measured ones. Interferometrically measured modal birefringence verified corresponding data obtained from birefringence profiles