论盘阀在壳牌合成气化装置的应用与研究

主要介绍了盘阀在SHELL气化炉年产50万吨甲醇项目粉煤加压输送单元中的应用,针对粉合成气化粉煤输送单元阀门经常出现内漏和卡涩的现象,分析了阀门发生故障的原因和机理,提出盘阀的结构形式并加以应用。通过这种新型结构的盘阀的试用,有效地降低了故障发生的频次,保证了合成气化装置粉煤加压输送单元的长周期稳定运行。结合我公司的应用效果分析了在应用过程中的问题及解决方法,展望了盘阀在化工装置中的后续推广价值。     

粉煤气化粉煤输送单元阀门应用及改进

针对粉煤气化粉煤输送单元阀门经常出现内漏和卡涩的现象,分析了阀门发生故障的原因和机理,提出一些特种阀门的结构形式并加以应用。中试装置3年的运行情况表明,通过对球阀的改造和采用新型结构阀门,有效地降低了故障发生的频率,保证了粉煤气化粉煤输送单元的长周期运行。     

粉煤加压和输送用气的压力选择与优化

分析粉煤气化加压和输送用气压力、缓冲罐体积的确定原则,提出优化的输送气来源压力和输送气优化措施,为粉煤加压气化节能降耗和SE粉煤气化粉煤输送单元的工艺流程优化提供参考。     

烧结金属在粉煤加压输送中的应用

粉煤加压输送是干法粉煤气化中非常关键的一步,而以烧结金属为核心的设备元件在粉煤加压、流化和输送过程中起到了重要作用。文中首先介绍了烧结金属的特点,然后对烧结金属在粉煤加压输送中的应用及工艺进行介绍,最后根据烧结金属在化工使用现场常见问题,提出了烧结金属在工况使用中应注意的事项进而确保粉煤加压输送的顺利进行。     

两段式干煤粉气化炉粉煤输送系统稳定性分析

介绍了两段式干煤粉气化炉粉煤加压输送系统的工作原理;该系统的通气锥、笛管、管道吹扫器、泄压过滤器、粉煤加速器等通气设备均采用烧结金属制造;介绍了各部件的结构及原理;从粉煤流量和阀门开度、煤质变化、粉煤水分与粒度、设备伴热、输煤管线异物堵塞、通气锥破损程度、煤粉停放时间、减压管选型等方面分析了对粉煤输送的影响,并提出了应对措施。     

气流床煤气化粉煤输送技术现状及研究进展

介绍了不同粉煤气化技术粉煤输送系统的工艺现状、关键设备,并对煤气化技术粉煤输送相关研究进展、煤粉输送单元常见故障等进行了总结。     

盘阀在“宁煤炉”上的选型和应用

介绍了盘阀的工作原理和宁煤炉粉煤加压输送单元盘阀的选型,该气化炉采用了一种单盘阀、双盘阀组合安装的配置方法,这种配置方法在阀门密封的可靠性、单阀质量和尺寸、安装检修的便利性、节省备阀成本上有一定的优势,可供同类装置盘阀选型参考。     

煤气化粉煤加压输送系统优化研究

粉煤加压输送系统是干粉煤气化装置长周期稳定运行的基础。在实际运行过程中,粉煤加压输送系统存在粉煤袋式过滤器煤粉堵塞、煤锁斗下料困难等一系列问题。通过对布袋过滤器、煤粉锁斗、煤粉锁斗V1204泄压管线进行优化改造,运行效果良好,保障了粉煤加压输送系统的稳定运行。     

Shell煤气化磨煤及粉煤输送系统的改造

对Shell煤气化工艺中磨煤干燥和粉煤加压输送工段影响长周期运行的因素进行总结，简要分析了磨煤机粉煤输送装置在运行过程中存在的问题及解决方法。     

粉煤加压气化工艺对煤质的要求

介绍了粉煤加压气化工艺的先进性,并从经济性和可操作性等方面,分析总结了粉煤加压气化工艺对煤质的要求。     

循环冷却水水质电导率与含盐量关系的试验研究

在不结垢的循环水体系中,通过对不同循环水补充水质的动态模拟实验,找出电导率值与含盐量关系,进而达到实现循环水在线连续监控的目的。     

浅谈粉彩瓷与婴戏图的协调与统一

引言 粉彩瓷作为景德镇四大传统名瓷之一,已经成为景德镇陶瓷艺术的主要载体和优势品牌。“婴戏图”是陶瓷装饰中常见的传统纹样,具有一千多年的发展历史,是传统陶艺创作中的重要题材。现代粉彩婴戏图注重以新材质、新手法把两者很好地结合在陶瓷上,笔者针对陶瓷装饰纹样中一种独特的幼童戏耍装饰,对瓷上婴戏纹样的发展过程、粉彩婴戏图悠久的文化价值、粉彩瓷与婴戏图相互融合三个方面进行阐述。     

循环冷却水水质pH与碱度关系的试验研究

在不结垢的循环水体系中,通过对不同循环水补充水质的动态模拟实验,找出pH与碱度的关系,进而实现循环水在线连续监控的目的。     

整流装置跳闸原因及整改

从离子膜法烧碱整流装置的保护原理出发,通过对某工厂在2005年整流装置跳闸原因的统计和技术分析,发现电网波动和雷击是整流装置跳闸的两个重要原因,并提出了采取修改整定值、增加防晃电交流接触器以及在低压交流侧增加三级防雷措施的整改对策。整改后,整流装置跳闸次数明显减少。     

科技特派员是强化和拓展产学研合作教育的桥梁和纽带

文章对我国高校产学研合作教育的主要模式进行了归纳,分析了我国高校实施产学研合作教育存在的不足,详细阐述了企业科技特派员在校企产学研合作教育中所能发挥的桥梁和纽带作用。笔者认为充分发挥科技特派员的独特优势,能够弥补现有合作教育模式的不足,将能开创具有我国特色的产学研合作教育模式。     

细长管与管内外流体流固耦合的计算

把固体域离散成梁单元,流体域划分为若干段,对流体段离散成六面体单元,建立了固体域整场求解、流体域分段求解的分区耦合模型,描述了耦合界面信息传递方法。为了避免同种偏心度重复计算,还提出了环空流体特性描述数据库。     

对乙酰氨基酚注射液制备工艺及稳定性研究

优选对乙酰氨基酚注射液的制备工艺,并考察其稳定性。通过单因素考察确定制剂的辅料用量,最适pH,灭菌工艺等,筛选出最优工艺条件,并根据确定的条件进行稳定性考察。对乙酰氨基酚注射液制备工艺最优条件为磷酸氢二钠用量为175mg,控制产品p H在6.0,并在115℃下高压蒸汽灭菌30min,可以成功制得对乙酰氨基酚注射液,产品规格为10mg/mL。此产品在常温下密封放置30d稳定性良好。合理的制备工艺和条件,可更好的保证对乙酰氨基酚注射液的质量。     

Innovation and the catalytic process industry-The science and the challenge

The process industry faces new challenges. In particular, environmental objectives call for processes with much higher conversion and better selectivities to minimize the release or removal of products to a degree which would not be economic without considering the environmental objectives. These challenges call for a better understanding of the design basis. The paper analyzes by examples the strength of the “state-of-art” of chemical reactor engineering which as examples formed the basis for progress in ammonia synthesis and in steam reforming. The importance of an integrated approach in process development is illustrated by examples from synthetic gasoline and direct and indirect manufacture of methanol. The new challenges to reactor engineering require more research in a field which has been developed almost to maturity. The better understanding of the micro-kinetics of catalysis has also revealed a complexity which is difficult to describe by the conventional approach. This is in particular true for “ppm reactions” in which one component should be removed down to a ppm level. There is a need to integrate the conventional reactor design models with models describing the fluid mechanics, in particular for reactions carried out with critical mixing (SCR, hydrotreating). Breakthroughs may come from new concepts in combining separation with catalysis and use of transient reactors. This is illustrated by a new solid state alkylation process. In conclusion, chemical engineering science needs more explorative research, if it should not become mature.     

略论青花品类及技法甄别

青花是景德镇四大传统名瓷之一,起源于唐末,成熟于元代,盛行于明清,是我国制瓷史上有着划时代意义的陶瓷装饰成果。它的出现便以旺盛的艺术生命迅速地发展起来,成为影响全国各大产瓷区陶瓷生产的主流,产品远销世界各地,对世界的陶瓷发展好文化技术交流作出了积极的贡献。青花是我国最具民族特色的陶瓷产品之一,是最具民族文化底蕴的一支久开不败的工艺美术之花,被誉称为“瓷国瑰宝”。     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.