马克思恩格斯的生态环境观初探

马克思、恩格斯的生态环境观是马克思主义理论的重要组成部分,其思想散见于<德意志意识形态>、<资本论>等一系列经典著作之中.马克思、恩格斯以资本主义时代各个方面矛盾的不断加剧为依据,深刻分析了资本主义时代人与自然生态方面存在的问题和制度根源,提出了破解生态环境方面的基本途径.     

马克思社会理论的逻辑

马克思的社会理论是在批判现代资本主义的过程中形成和发展起来的,其理论体系是以物质生产范畴为逻辑起点,而物质生产的两个维度(一是物质生产与社会的生成和发展;二是物质生产和人的发展与解放)则构成了马克思社会理论两条相互交织的逻辑线索.在物质生产范畴基础上派生的一系列范畴的联系和转化,构成了马克思社会理论的逻辑系统.以唯物史观为基础的反映人类社会发展的一般规律、现代资本主义社会发展的一般规律和资本主义阶段性规律(自由竞争阶段)的理论构成了马克思社会理论的科学体系.一般、个别和特殊这三重逻辑共同指向一个理论目标:社会解放与人的解放.     

试论唯物史观的公平正义理论

实现公平正义,是千百年来人类不懈追求的社会理想.马克思、恩格斯深刻地揭示了资本主义社会的不公平现象的根源,论述了实现社会公平正义的历史条件.中国共产党人以唯物史观的公平正义理论为指导,在社会主义革命、建设和改革过程中对公平正义进行了卓有成效的理论探索和实践尝试.     

从三个方面解读《资本论》第一卷

马克思对商品、资本的分析一针见血,马克思说,资本的本质是以物为媒介的人与人之间的社会关系,而不是孤立存在的单个物。在《资本论》第一卷中,马克思对资本范畴的理解进行了精辟的剖析,并在此基础上对资本的概念给予了深刻的批判,同时,对资本主义的经济伦理制度和社会文化现象进行了严厉的批判。     

金融危机对大学生思想政治教育工作的启示

2008年爆发的金融危机,属于我们这个时代具有世界历史意义的重大历史事件,这一事件对世界经济及其它方面都产生了深远影响;同时它也是我们对青年学生开展思想政治教育难得的大课堂和绝妙的好教材,危机再一次暴露了资本主义社会的各种矛盾和弊端,使我们再次认清了资本主义社会的剥削本质;本次金融危机使马克思所剖析的资本主义根本矛盾在现实世界里再一次得到验证,彰显了马克思主义的科学性和历史预见性,从而激发青年学生学习马克思主义的热情;危机唤起了人们对资本主义制度的反思和对社会主义价值观念的重视,有利于青年学生坚定走社会主义道路的信念和决心.     

数字资本逻辑下的社会分工及其潜在问题

从产业资本到金融资本再到数字资本,资本主义变化发展,资本逻辑贯穿始终。从数据到数字资本,从数字资本到数字资本主义,一整套逻辑支撑着数字化时代资本主义的命运和前途。数字资本逻辑下的社会分工发展具有两面性,一方面,随着数字生产力发展,资本主义下社会分工更加细化;另一方面,数字资本逻辑下的社会分工存在生产性和人道性的局限。在数字资本逻辑下的社会分工里,劳动者没有跳出“劳动异化”窘境,劳资利益对立下社会发展不平衡,数字生产过剩致使社会资源浪费。要根除这些潜在问题,则要推翻数字资本逻辑,在新的生产制度和逻辑下以更加符合数字生产力发展的社会分工代替现有分工。未来社会分工将是更“细化”更“精化”,将由“自发”分工走向“自觉”分工,将实现社会高质高量发展的同时人人自由全面发展,马克思所预言的共产主义社会将会到来。     

"空间生产"思想:从马克思经列斐伏尔到哈维

以空间视角对资本主义发展进行批判研究,不能忽视马克思空间思想.理解马克思地理学和社会关系重组意义上的空间生产思想,把握列斐伏尔的空间三元辩证法和哈维的空间三类型,不断推动社会空间理论发展,深入分析当代资本主义,促进我国现代化建设,具有一定的理论价值和现实意义.     

技艺需要与政治——自由和平等关系的疏朗

人类是通过技艺满足需要的动物.由于需要之间、技艺之间的冲突,人也是政治动物.技艺在近现代取得了快速的发展.在政治上,人类产生了对自由和平等的要求.自由和平等是冲突的,不过二者都根植于人的需要和技艺.因此对自由和平等的思考应该深入到这个层次.现代社会的基本特征是,人的需要以获利为形式得到极大的张扬,政治领域和经济领域被分离.这个事实值得警惕和反思.毕竟,人既是生产动物,也是政治动物.     

教育机会平等:实践反思与价值追求

我国的教育机会分配机制在近30年期间发生了很大变化,教育机会不平等现象成为社会普遍关注的问题.政府是保障、维护教育机会平等的决定性因素,建立公立学校系统,向社会提供平等的公共教育服务是政府保障教育机会平等的基本做法.然而20世纪90年代以来的教育体制改革使公立学校在保障教育机会平等方面的作用出现了一系列极为复杂的情况,由于过多地强调了效率,有限的教育机会通过一种竞争和选拔制度加以分配,由此导致的教育机会不平等已经成为一个亟待解决的问题.当前,更多地强调平等,实行较为刚性和均衡的教育机会分配政策和教育发展模式,以此保证教育机会平等就是一种理性的选择.公立学校必须坚守公共性质,切实履行责任.平等、效率、公平竞争、自主选择构成了中国教育机会平等问题的独自特色,问题的关键并不在于这四者之间应否作出非此即彼的选择,而在于这四者之间如何达到协调,并取得社会的普遍认同.     

如何在教学过程中培养学生的创造意识

一.发扬民主 教育家陶行知说:"创造力最能发挥的条件是民主."民主宽松、平等和谐的课堂氛围,会让学生在心理上感到安全,从而保持心理自由,以非常规的思维方式分析理解问题,充分地表现和发展自己的发散思维,而无须压抑,不必担心别人的笑话和讽刺,进而进发出创新的潜能.     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.