Analysis of fluid induced vibration of cryogenic pipes in consideration of the cooling effect

The purpose of system analysis using fluid induced vibration is to identify the problems of the system in advance by analyzing the vibration behavior of the system excited by fluid flow. Fluid-induced vibration analysis methods, developed so far, generally use the numerical analysis method to analyze the fluid flowing inside the pipe and the infinitesimal elements at normal temperature on the basis of the governing equation obtained by applying Newton’s Second Law and the momentum equation. However, as the fluid temperature changes greatly at low temperature, fluid-induced vibration analysis methods for normal temperature cannot be applied. This study investigated methods of analyzing fluid-induced vibration in consideration of the cooling effect. In consideration of the changes in the properties of the fluid and system relative to temperature, vibration behavior was analyzed numerically by means of the equation of motion. As a result, the natural frequency of the system tends to change because of the changes of the properties of materials even when the flux is constant inside the pipe, and the vibration behavior of the system was compared to that in case of normal temperature to analyze how much influence the cooling effect has on the vibration behavior of the system. This paper was recommended for publication in revised form by Associate Editor Seockhyun Kim     

Environmental effects on the identified natural frequencies of the Dowling Hall Footbridge

Continuous monitoring of structural vibrations is becoming increasingly common as sensors and data acquisition systems become more affordable, and as system and damage identification methods develop. In vibration-based structural health monitoring, the dynamic modal parameters of a structure are usually used as damage-sensitive features. The modal parameters are often sensitive to changing environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, or excitation amplitude. Environmental conditions can have as large an effect on the modal parameters as significant structural damage, so these effects should be accounted for before applying damage identification methods. This paper presents results from a continuous monitoring system installed on the Dowling Hall Footbridge on the campus of Tufts University. Significant variability in the identified natural frequencies is observed; these changes in natural frequency are strongly correlated with temperature. Several nonlinear models are proposed to represent the relationship between the identified natural frequencies and measured temperatures. The final model is then validated using independent sets of measured data. Finally, confidence intervals are estimated for the identified natural frequencies as a function of temperature. The ratio of observed outliers to the expected rate of outliers based on the confidence level can be used as a damage detection index.     

Detecting gear tooth fatigue cracks in advance of complete fracture

Some results from using vibration-based methods to detect gear tooth fatigue cracks are presented. An experimental test rig was used to fail a number of spur-gear specimens through bending fatigue. The gear tooth fatigue crack in each test was initiated through a small notch in the fillet area of a tooth on the gear. The primary purpose of these tests was to verify analytical predictions of fatigue crack propagation direction and rate as a function of gear rim thickness. The vibration signal from a total of three tests was monitored and recorded for gear fault detection research. The damage consisted of complete rim fracture on the two thin rim gears and single tooth fracture on the standard full rim test gear. Vibration-based fault detection methods were applied to the vibration signal both on-line and after the tests were completed. The objectives of this were to identify methods capable of detecting the fatigue crack, and determine how far in advance of total failure positive detection was given. Results showed that the fault detection methods failed to respond to the fatigue crack prior to complete rim fracture in the thin rim gear tests. In the standard full rim gear test all of the methods responded to the fatigue crack in advance of tooth fracture; however, only three of the methods responded to the fatigue crack in the early stages of crack propagation.     

基于TOFD周向扫查的厚壁管道倾斜裂纹精准定量

利用超声衍射时差法(TOFD)对厚壁管道实施周向扫查时,曲率表面与直通波路径不重合,引起倾斜裂纹长度和角度定量误差。为实现深层裂纹检测,提高探头中心距(PCS)进一步增加检测误差。考虑管道外壁曲率半径、PCS与裂纹端点深度之间的几何关系,开展厚壁管道倾斜裂纹精准定量研究。推导厚壁管道TOFD检测周向扫查时,裂纹长度和倾斜角度定量公式,并对比优化前后检测误差。仿真研究表明,对壁厚30.0 mm,外壁曲率半径148.0 mm的碳钢管道内,长度4.0 mm,倾斜角度10°～50°的裂纹实施检测时,长度和倾斜角度定量误差分别下降可达0.10 mm和1.58°。实验针对碳钢管道试块中长度4.0 mm,倾斜角度30°的裂纹,长度和倾斜角度定量误差从0.30 mm和2.74°,降低至0.27 mm和0.28°。所述方法可适用于不同曲率管道内部倾斜裂纹定量检测,应用范围较广。     

基于ISOMAP降维的复杂轮廓异常点识别方法

高维复杂轮廓异常点识别方法研究是目前过程轮廓监控的重要课题之一。以高维复杂轮廓为研究对象,建立非参数轮廓矩阵模型,将基于测地距离的ISOMAP非线性降维技术与χ2控制图相结合,提出新的轮廓异常点识别方法,以实现高维复杂轮廓异常点的准确识别。仿真实验和实际案例的应用分析结果证实该方法在异常点识别的准确性方面具有良好的性能。     

Ultrastructural changes in the ovary cells of engorged Rhipicephalus sanguineus female ticks treated with esters of ricinoleic acid from castor oil (Ricinus communis)

Rhipicephalus sanguineus is a widely distributed tick species that has adapted to the urban environment, and the dog is its main host. This species is also known as a vector and reservoir of diseases caused by bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Currently, acaricides of synthetic chemical origin have been widely and indiscriminately used, leading to the development of resistance to these products by ticks and causing damage to the environment. Thus, these issues have made it necessary to seek other forms of controlling these ectoparasites. R. sanguineus was artificially infested in host New Zealand White rabbits, which were divided into four treatment groups: control (CG1 and CG2) and treatment (TG1 and TG2) groups. TG1 and TG2 hosts were provided with feed supplemented with esters of ricinoleic acid from castor oil at a concentration of 5 g/kg of feed for 7 and 15 days. Afterward, the ovaries of the female ticks were removed for analysis by transmission electron microscopy. The results showed ultrastructural changes in the somatic and germ cells of ovaries from TG1 and TG2 females, particularly with respect to chorion deposition, a protective membrane of the oocyte, as well as in the transport process of vitellogenic materials via the hemolymph and pedicel cells. Moreover, the mitochondria were less electron-dense and had cristae that were more disorganized than the mitochondria from CG1 and CG2 individuals. Thus, this study demonstrated the action of esters on the ovaries of R. sanguineus, signaling the prospect of a way to control this ectoparasite without affecting nontarget organisms or the environment.