浅谈黄土隧道道防排水施工

地下水渗漏对黄土隧道的围岩压力和物理力学性能变化、隧道正常安全运营及施工安全带来很大的影响。尤其是竣工后渗漏水,对工程的安全运营带来巨大的隐患。针对吴子高速公路黄土隧道的实际施工情况,对黄土隧道防排水施工的技术作了总结,并提出相应的质量管理措施,同时提高了防排水施工在黄土地区隧道建设重要性认识。     

浅谈装修工程施工监理的质量控制

在工程建设中装修施工质量的好坏,不但对工程质量评优影响很大,对人的使用及居住也有很大的影响。装修质量问题的出现,可能会引起使用上的不方便及人生的安全问题,而装修工程要整改和修复,也会给使用单位及业主单位带来很大的麻烦。在监理工作中,如何确保装修工程的施工质量显得特别重要。     

浅谈建筑基础施工的安全管理要点

建筑基础工程比较隐蔽，工程竣工后难以进行复查，其施工质量对整个建筑质量的好坏起着决定作用。本文通过分析几种常见的建筑基础施工的安全控制，提出了提高建筑基础施工的几点安全管理策略。     

谈如何做好通风与空调工程施工质量的现场监理控制工作

通风与空调工程作为建筑工程的组成部分,是后期实现房屋建筑使用功能的重要基础。因此,通风与空调工程的施工质量对于建筑的功能性及居住体验有着重大影响。通过分析通风与空调工程的重点施工细节,剖析影响施工质量的因素,探讨如何针对性的做好通风与空调工程施工质量的监理控制工作。     

浅谈建设监理投资控制之电气工程造价控制

针对电气安装工程具有的设备元件安装精度高、贵重易损、调试繁琐复杂等工程特点,提出投资控制工程师应在施工过程中找出电气安装工程关键节点作为投资控制关键点,并配合电气工程师对工程进度款、变更签证及工程竣工后竣工结算进行审核的控制措施。     

大直径嵌岩灌注桩设计与施工

本文以贵冶二期项目《易地新建电解维修及叉车间》工程为实例 ,系统、扼要地阐明了该工程大直径嵌岩灌注桩的设计施工方法。对不均匀地质条件下基础加固方案的选择、桩的选型、桩基施工工艺等作了有特色的论述。通过竣工后随机抽样检验和数理分析 ,证明了本工程灌注桩的设计和施工都是成功的。     

谈甲方代表在施工管理过程中对工程投资的控制方法

工程施工管理中的投资控制,是施工阶段进行工程管理的重要手段和方法.甲方代表在施工阶段的投资控制主要是从施工组织设计的审核;工程图纸的变更、技术经济签证的处理:工程进度款的支付控制及工程竣工结算审核等方面进行的.     

多层复合木模板在中源大厦框架中的应用

主要介绍多层复合木模板在中源大厦地下室及框架中的应用,具体说明了施工所用材料、机具、施工准备及施工工艺、质量控制,该模板在工程施工中使用的优势,效益及使用效果、使用体会,该模板在工程中的应用前景.     

太钢七轧厂冷轧不锈带钢技改工程竣工

太钢七轧厂冷轧不锈带钢技改工程,目前已竣工,正式交付生产使用。该项工程包括２０辊森吉米尔轧机和冷热混合连续退火酸洗线工程两大项目。投产后,七轧厂的产能将由３万ｔ提高到８万ｔ。该项工程的工艺设备及配套设施经试生产考核均达到设计要求。与主体工程同时建成投产的环保、消防、劳动安全卫生设施均已按设计要求完成。太钢七轧厂冷轧不锈带钢技改工程竣工@王方     

做好施工阶段工程质量的监理工作

在监理实践的基础上 ,从设计文件的审查 ,施工组织设计的审查 ,项目管理机构质量管理体系的检查 ,分项工程、隐蔽工程的验收 ,工程质量问题的处理 ,工程竣工验收等方面阐述了做好施工阶段工程质量监理工作的一些体会     

Quality Control “A Necessity Not an Option”

Quality control is a means by which project design engineers may help eliminate some construction-related problems and address the issue of an engineer's obligation to the general public. Ignoring quality control or relying on sporadic inspections are fundamentally inadequate approaches since they do not obtain basic construction data for the engineer, fully monitor the quality of materials and workmanship critical to structural integrity, or ensure that the owner gets what he has paid for. The project engineer has an obligation to treat quality control the same way he treats quality design. Project owners must be made aware of the risks involved and how quality control can address some of these risks. The main ingredient of a soundly engineered approach to quality control during construction is the assurance that the engineer's ``standard of care' will not change after the design phase. A qualified resident inspector—an extension of the design engineer—will determine how effective quality control will be. Not only can expectations of design performance be met, but the construction phase can be become less demanding and the whole project more cost-effective if early attention is given to quality control.     

Design Engineers' Responsibilities During Construction

A dilemma can face design engineers if they have to choose between their perceived and actual responsibilities during construction of the project they designed. This dilemma can be particularly significant for specialized underground construction involving soild‐structure interaction. Such construction represents unique and unusual situations in which design, inspection, and construction functions cannot be separated. Two cases in which specialized construction quality control was not provided by the designer of subsurface structures are reviewed. In both cases defective construction was later discovered and the projects were abandoned. The design engineer is placed at risk when the owner does not agree to engage a knowledgeable specialist for quality control of the construction work. The engineer should identify in writing the risks the owner is electing to accept by contracting for a lower level of quality control than, in the engineer's judgment, is less than prudent for the project.     

Construction Materials Engineer, a Perspective

Construction materials engineering is a long-time discipline of civil engineering which has gained definition and recognition in recent decades due to increased demands placed on the construction materials engineer. This discipline of civil engineering involves the evaluation of construction materials, processes and products. It is a professional practice most often included as part of the project quality assurance. The role of the construction materials engineer in the design phase, the bidding phase, the construction phase and the post-construction phase of projects is examined.     

进度控制与质量控制、安全生产在施工中的关系与作用

在工程建设监理中的三大控制(质量、进度和投资控制)是对立和统一的矛盾体。随着近几年来国家对安全生产的重视,在工程建设监理中又增加了对安全生产的控制,这更进一步加剧了三大控制的难度。在工程建设中投资与进度的关系是加快进度往往要增加投资,采取各种赶工措施使工程建设项目及早竣工,尽快发挥工程建设投资的经济效益。而加快进度,会使人、机械超强工作造成工人疲劳,机械维修、材料供应紧张等施工条件的改变,可能会影响到工程质量及安全生产。     

QUALICON: Computer-Based System for Construction Quality Management

This paper describes a computer-based system for construction quality management. The system tasks are derived from the elements of ISO 9001 standard and designed to integrate with other computer-aided project management functions. They can assist management in (1) the definition of requirements/criteria for design, construction, and quality management; (2) the development of inspection and test plans; (3) the tracking of actual inspection/test results; (4) the verification of their conformance to defined criteria; (5) the documentation of past experience in the form of standard templates for assisting the tasks involved; and (6) the generation of reports. A model was defined for representing the information used in the system tasks. The central role of the inspection and test plan representation was exploited to associate to construction components and processes, relevant inspections/tests, requirements/criteria, actual results, and nonconformance analyses. Templates were devised to enable the reuse of predefined packages of information, which recur from project to project. The developed system will render the assisted quality management tasks more effective. Its use was tested on data from different construction domains.     

Lessons Learned: Failure of a Hydroelectric Power Project Dam

The case of a hydroelectric power project is presented to show how lack of understanding and poor filter design, along with insufficient control of construction quality, caused the failure of a dam. This paper summarizes the forensic investigations and attempts to explain the conditions that led to the formation of sinkholes on the embankment slope and the subsequent initiation of progressive failure of the embankment. The steps necessary to restart the power project, including the final remedial design, are then detailed. This paper also discusses how the functions of various engineering design components are integrated in the context of failure of the embankment. This case serves as a lesson for practicing engineers concerning the difficult technical, professional, and procedural issues that may arise during the design and construction of critical infrastructures.     

Owners Respond: Preferences for Task Performance, Delivery Systems, and Quality Management

Twenty years ago, public owners did almost all of their own design work and project inspection, but this is no longer the case. Innovative construction ideas of 15 years ago are now considered mainstream, and newer ideas are taking their places. Fifteen years ago, the concept of fast-track construction was still being researched and many federal agencies refused to fund it; today, most large federal projects call for some sort of fast tracking. These systems allow construction input into the design process of construction projects. Whoever performs tasks such as scope development, prebid cost estimates, and quality assurance can significantly affect the quality of the project, as can which delivery system is used. The Construction Institute of ASCE sponsored a survey of construction owners to determine what delivery systems are used in their projects and whom they select to perform various tasks. The survey also sought to ascertain the owners’ satisfaction level with the performance of the individuals and systems they choose. This paper, written for practitioners and researchers, describes the results of that survey.     

Time, Cost, and Quality in a Road Building Project

Time, cost and quality are the three factors that play a significant role in the planning and controlling of construction projects. The main barriers for their achievement are the changes in the project environment necessitating cost, time, and quality trade-offs. Literature has mainly focused on analyzing time and cost with little or no reported research focusing on models for optimizing construction time, cost, and quality jointly. Government agencies have recently started using new types of contracting methods which have placed an increasing pressure on decision makers in the construction industry to search for an optimal/near optimal resource utilization plan that minimizes construction cost and time while maximizing its quality. In this paper, a 0-1 Integer Programming model which enables meeting quality output standards and time and budget objectives respectively is developed. The clever use of binary variables allows us to solve many interesting and difficult problems and our ability to model complex problems increases tremendously when we use binary variables. A version of the model to minimize time meeting quality and cost objectives is applied to a road building project. Two alternatives versions of the model which enable to minimize cost meeting quality and time and to maximize quality meeting time and cost, are shown in an Appendix.     

浅谈施工过程中的质量控制

施工阶段是使工程设计意图最终实现并形成工程实体的阶段,也是最终形成工程产品质量和工程项目使用价值的重要阶段。施工阶段的质量控制是一个由对投入的资源和条件的质量控制,进而对生产过程及各环节质量进行控制,直到对所完成的工程产品的质量检验与控制为止的全过程系统控制过程。因此施工阶段的质量控制不但是施工阶段各参建单位控制的主要内容,也是工程项目控制的重点。