Use of secondary resources for increasing the chemical stability of glass enamels

The chemical stability of glass enamels obtained with available synthetic and close to synthetic raw materials is investigated. The charge and chemical compositions of two enamels based on available raw materials are presented. The developed enamels are recommended for the chemical and metallurgical industries as acid-resistant coatings.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 10, pp. 30 – 32, October, 1995.     

Glass enamel coatings for steel pipes for hot-water supply systems

Results of comparative tests for water resistance of single-coat glass enamels used for protecting pipelines of hot-water supply systems and developed by the Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus (IONKh) are presented. It is shown that T₄₅ enamel has an elevated water resistance, heat resistance, and mechanical strength and is ecologically safe, which makes it suitable for the protection of the inner surface of the pipes. The use of T₄₅ enamel will prolong the service life of the pipelines and decrease the cost of their maintenance.     

Electrical Insulating Properties of Porcelain Enamels on Copper

The electrical properties of copper oxide-bearing porcelain enamels fired on sheet platinum and of the clear base porcelain enamel fired on sheet copper were measured. The dielectric constant, dissipation factor, and resistivity of the coatings were determined from room temperature to 700°F., and at frequencies varying from 0.1 to 100 kc. per second. The effect of firing time, firing temperature, and coating thickness on the copper ion content resulting in the coatings fired on copper was investigated. The copper ion concentration of the porcelain enamels fired on cop per was determined by X-ray fluorescence analysis. Electrical measurements of coatings fired on platinum and on copper were correlated with the copper ion concentration of the coating. At concentrations in the coating below 5% CuO, some marked changes occurred in the electrical characteristics of the coatings as a function of CuO content. These changes were even more accentuated at elevated temperatures. At concentrations varying from 5% CuO to the saturation point of CuO in the coating (about 20% CuO for coatings fired at 1600°F.), the electrical properties of these coatings at room temperature were nearly unchanged throughout this range, whereas at elevated temperatures the general effect was that of a decrease in dielectric constant and dissipation factor as the CuO content was increased.     

Low-Melting Chemically Resistant Enamel for Steel Kitchenware

Technological conditions for obtaining titanium-borosilicate glasses and properties of enamel coating, spreadability of enamels, and luster of coatings are investigated. The effect of boron and alkali metal oxide on the physicochemical properties of titanium-borosilicate enamels is studied. A chemically resistant enamel for steel kitchenware is developed, with improved properties compared to currently used industrial enamels.     

无溶剂双组分热喷快固化防腐涂料的研制与应用

针对我国石油沥青管道涂层的更新,及常用的环氧树脂类涂层和煤焦油磁漆涂层的补口,通过中间物质解决了石油沥青与环氧树脂的互溶性问题,研制出用于现场大修和补口的双组分厚浆型热喷快固化石油沥青聚氨酯涂料。采用高压无气喷涂,可作为新型重防腐涂料品种用于腐蚀防护领域。     

Art enamels for copper

It is shown that colored art enamels for copper can be produced using a single low-melting glass matrix in the R₂O−PbO−B₂O₅−SiO₂ system, and that such enamels can be fired at 680–700°C. Optimum percentages of pigments and oxides are determined for coatings to have various stable colors. The synthesized enamels were tested in the manufacture of household pieces of art. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No 3, pp. 25–27, March, 1997.     

汽车内饰件PC基材用单涂高光黑PU涂料的研制

基于降低能耗、减少因多道涂装形成较多表面不良的考虑,涂装厂家要求减少涂料的涂布层数.为满足市场需求,通过筛选不同的树脂、助剂和溶剂制得一款广泛适用于多种PC、PC/ABS素材,具备优异的外观和性能的单涂高光黑PU涂料.对涂层性能进行了测试,分析了影响涂料性能的因素,结果显示：该单涂层高光黑色PU涂料在PC上有稳定的附着力、优异的耐介质性,可实现完全固化后的返修重涂,适合汽车塑料内饰件涂装的施工应用.     

管道用煤焦油磁漆

煤焦油磁漆作为性能优良的管道防腐涂料,已广泛用于新建管道工程中。介绍了煤焦油磁漆的组成、配方、生产工艺及生产过程中应采取的环保措施和劳动保护。讨论了影响煤焦油磁漆性能的因素。     

Tinted one-coat glass enamels for steel

A basic formula for one-coat glass enamel is developed, which makes it possible to obtain a wide color range of coatings for steel products with good surface quality. A number of ionic colorants is tested, mainly compounds of d-and f-elements. The properties of coatings are studied: chemical resistance, adhesion strength, luster, and heat resistance. Their firing temperature is determined. The obtained glass enamels can be used in industrial production. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 1, pp. 28–30, January, 2006.     

Neues über Epoxyharz-Anstriche

New Facts about Epoxy Resin Coatings Discussion of special applications of epoxy-resin coatings: primers and finish coats for washing machines and refrigerators; floor enamels.     

Ceramic Coatings with Controlled Reflective and Emissive Properties

Two types of ceramic coatings were formulated for application to Inconel to give ( a ) the highest possible emittance from room temperature to about 1200°C. and ( b ) the highest possible reflectance to solar energy (0.4 to 2.0 μ) while having high emissivity in the infrared from 25° to 700° C. or higher. Both types of coatings were formulated from a modified barium silicate frit. This frit was opacified with various black spinels to give the ( a )-type enamels having total normal emittances ranging from 0.74 to 0.87. The ( b )-type enamels were made with equal parts of stannic and eerie oxides as opacifiers. At thicknesses greater than 5 mils, these had hemispherical reflectances varying between 0.67 and 0.62 at wave lengths of 0.6 to 2.6 μ respectively, together with total emittances of 0.75 at 400°C. and 0.60 at 800° C.     

Vitreous enamel-bonded grain-oriented abrasive coatings for grinding heads

The paper examines the principles underlying the use of vitreous enamels as binders for single-layer abrasive coatings for grinding heads. Dilatometric data for the materials making up the coating and the stresses in the coating are calculated. A process and a unit were developed for application of grain-oriented abrasive coatings which will substantially enhance the service characteristics of the tools. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 6, pp. 27–30, June, 1997.     

Service Parameters of Enamels for Pipes

The service parameters of protective coatings for pipes are analyzed. It is demonstrated that the most promising and durable are glass-enamel coatings. The results of measuring microhardness and impact strength of enamels are provided. Enamel compositions are recommended to protect the surface of steel pipes from corrosion. __________ Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 7, pp. 33 – 34, July, 2005.     

Design of compositions of low-melting phosphate glass-enamel coatings based on composites in the R2O-TiO2-Al2O3-B2O3-P2O5 system for aluminum

The pseudoternary system intended for synthesis of low-melting phosphate glass-enamel coatings for aluminum articles has been studied. The optimum ratio between concentrations of alkali oxides providing the maximum mixed-alkali effect has been determined and its influence on the properties of enamels (such as chemical durability, electrical resistivity, thermal expansion, and fusibility characteristics) has been investigated.     

Effect of a complex of aliovalent cations on processes in an enamel melt-low-carbon steel system

The interrelationship of the corrosion activity of enamel melts containing a complex adhesion activator, their specific electric conductivity, and the strength of the adhesion of the corresponding coatings is investigated. The partial and integral effects of aliovalent oxides on the properties of prime vitreous enamels are determined. The principles of the electrochemical theory of adhesion of enamel coatings on steel, using a complex adhesion activator, are confirmed.     

Alkyd resins: From down and out to alive and kicking

Alkyd resins have been introduced in the 1930s as binders for paints. Their compatibility with many polymers and the extremely wide formulating latitude made them suitable for the production of a very broad range of coating materials. This includes do-it-yourself paints and varnishes for wood and metal, road marking paints, anticorrosive paints, nitrocellulose lacquers, two-component isocyanate curing coatings, acid curing coatings, stoving enamels, etc. Except for phthalic anhydride, being of petrochemical origin, the other raw materials used in the synthesis of the alkyds are from biologically renewable sources. This, combined with their biological degradability, makes them very interesting binders from an ecological point of view. Solvents which are used to reduce and adjust the paint viscosity are the only concern with respect to the ecological aspects of the alkyd paints. In recent years, however, we witness quite an activity in designing alkyd emulsions and high solids alkyds which can serve as binders for environmentally friendly coatings.     

Synthesis and investigation of white glass-ceramic enamel coatings for steel products

The results of the synthesis and study of white glass-ceramic enamel coatings for the protection of steel products based on R₂O–RO–B₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂–TiO₂–P₂O₅–F^–system are considered. A number of glass-enamel compositions is developed. The crystallization features are revealed for white covercoat glassceramic enamel coatings; and the conditions preventing the anatase-to-rutile modification transition are determined. The influence of dopants upon the crystallization of white enamels is stuedied. The whiteness and spectrophotometric characteristics of the shadings are determined for white enamels using the spectrophotometric method and the RGB color model. It is proved that the synthesized covercoat glass-enamel coatings for steel products meet all the requirements of the technical specifications of the Russian State Standard GOST R 52569-2006 Frits.     

Color Stability of Clear and Opaque Titania Enamels Containing Various Color Oxides

A study was made of the spectrophotometric characteristics of a clear and an opaque titania-bearing enamel. Three and six per cent additions of green, blue, brown, and red oxides were made to the base enamels. After firing the enameled samples over a range of time and temperature, spectrcphotometric and X-ray data were obtained. The results indicate that the lack of stability of the opaque colored enamels is due to the change from a blue-white to a cream-white color on increased firing treatment. The addition of a cream component tends to shift the hue of the fired enamel toward the red end of the visible spectrum. The green and the blue colors were much less stable than the red. X-ray data show that the total anatase present decreases, which is evidence that a cream-white color developed. X-ray data did not indicate any change in crystal structure of the anatase, rutile, or color oxide. Titania present in the glass of the clear enamel did not cause color instability.     

Stability of Acid-Resistant Red Porcelain Enamels

The comparative acid resistance of a series of enamels was determined by the loss-in-weight test and by the spot test. The stability of the red color oxide in these enamels was also studied by varying the alumina, fluoride, soda, and potassia contents in the frit. Improved acid resistance was obtained with no alumina and no fluoride in the frit. The stability of the red color was markedly influenced by the fluoride content; the absence of fluoride in the frit gave very poor stability.     

Lead-Free Paint Coatings for Glass Articles

The effect of binders on the quality of paint coatings based on lead-free enamels and meeting the requirements of standard TU RB 100029049.030 is considered. It is established that enamel compositions can be prepared using 20% solution of oxyterpene resin in turpentine and 2% alcoholic solution of Na-carboxymethyl cellulose of grade 7MF. The use of an aqueous solution of dextrin as a binder deteriorates the quality of enamel coatings: it produces color modifications, loss of luster, and formation of crackle.