Use of boron wastes in the production of heavy clay ceramics

Colemanite, ulexite and tincal are the main boron ores found in Turkey and account to 63% of the world estimated reserves. The production route of boron products results in significant amounts of different types of Boron Wastes, BW. Their open field disposal raises substantial environmental concerns in fear of leaching and groundwater pollution. The heavy clay ceramic industry can potentially absorb substantial quantities of BW. In the present study, BW produced from Kirka borax plants in Turkey, with 12.6 wt.% B₂O₃ was introduced in 0 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 15 wt.% in a heavy clay body mixture. Four peak temperatures, 800 °C, 850 °C, 900 °C and 950 °C, were examined for the dry pressed samples. The thermal behaviour analyzed by dilatometry and TGA shows that major loss in weight starts about 600 °C and continues to 700 °C approximately. For 5 wt.% BW addition and firing at 900–950 °C, the sintered bodies present comparable or improved physical and mechanical properties with respect to the reference formulation. The microstructure was analyzed by SEM whereas the main crystalline phases were identified by XRD. Samples fired at 900 °C with 5 wt.% BW present comparable properties with the reference ones. At 950 °C, the obtained properties were improved. Deformation occurs for samples with 15 wt.% BW when fired at >900 °C.     

Utilization of toxic industrial wastes in the production of structural ceramics

Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 5, pp. 4–5, May, 1989.     

Use of industrial wastes in production of ceramic pigments

Ceramic pigments, which are microgranules of wastes formed in polishing optical glass whose surface is coated with two layers — silica and crystals of α-Fe₂O₃, α-Al₂O₃, and FeAl₂O₄, were synthesized. The pigments obtained can be used for preparation of enamels for glass, metal, and porcelain.     

Articles of quartz ceramics used in casting nonferrous metals

The Pervouralskii Dinas Plant JSC has begun the production of quartz ceramics for installations for semicontinnuous casting of preforms of copper and copper-bearing alloys. Industrial tests of an experimental batch of articles (bushings, stoppers, rods, etc.) conducted in the second half of 1996 have shown that the durability of the quartz articles exceeds that of graphite articles conventionally used by a factor of 1.5–2. Translated from Ogneupory i Tekhnicheskaya Keramika, No. 7, pp. 32–33, July, 1997.     

在有色金属矿勘查中综合物探的应用

综合物探技术可以提高有色金属矿勘查工作的效率,所以综合物探技术在有色金属矿的勘查中得到了越来越多人的青睐。因此在有色金属矿勘查中综合物探的应用这一课题就显得非常重要,针对这一课题,首先对有色金属矿区地球物理的主要特性进行了介绍,然后对有色金属矿勘查中综合物探技术的实际应用进行了探讨,希望能够给相关从业人员的研究起到一定的参考作用。     

有色金属火法冶炼用耐火材料及其发展动向

根据近些年来有色重金属与轻金属火法冶炼工艺技术的发展,从有色重金属与轻金属火法冶炼条件的特点分析与阐述了所用耐火材料发展的动向,着重介绍了有色金属冶炼炉如:闪速炉、澳斯麦特炉、艾萨炉、诺兰达炉、转炉、连续炼铜炉、氧气底吹熔池直接炼铅炉(QSL炉)、铅锌密闭鼓风炉(ISP炉)、粗锌精馏炉、锌浸出渣挥发回转窑、碱石灰法回转窑、焙烧炉、铝电解槽、铝熔化炉以及硅热还原法制原镁等窑炉关键部位所用的耐火材料。另外,为了给上述冶炼炉的关键部位选择合适的耐火材料,还对一些耐火材料组元的抗FeO-SiO2渣侵蚀,抗炉渣与锍的渗透以及在炉衬工作面形成保护层等方面进行了分析与论述。此外,化学热力学计算与现场试验结果表明,含碳耐火材料不适宜用在重有色金属冶炼炉。还介绍了不同品种的镁铬耐火材料与碳化硅质耐火材料以及Al2O3-Cr2O3-尖晶石材料,并对含Cr2O3耐火材料存在的问题与解决途径做了分析与建议。     

Investigation of the wastes of chromium ore concentration for use as raw material in the manufacture of refractories

A complex investigation of wastes of the concentration of chromium ores of the Kempirsaiskoe deposit has demonstrated that they are similar to serpentinites as regards their composition and behavior in roasting. These wastes can be used as magnesia-silicate raw materials for the production of refractories.Translated from Ogneupory, No. 2, pp. 21 – 23, February, 1994.     

Use of granite sawing wastes in the production of ceramic bricks and tiles

Granite process industry generates a large amount of wastes, which pollute and damage the environment. This work aims to characterize and evaluate the possibilities of using the granite sawing wastes, generated by the process industries from Paraı́ba State, Brazil, as alternative ceramic raw materials in the production of ceramic bricks and tiles. Samples of granite sawing wastes were collected from companies located in Paraı́ba State. Their characterization were carried out with the determination of density, particle size distribution, surface area (BET), chemical composition, and by DTA, TGA, XRD, and SEM. In a second part of the work, tests in ceramic compositions were conducted in order to evaluate the suitability of addition of wastes in ceramic compositions used in the production of ceramic bricks and tiles. The results showed that the granite wastes have physical and mineralogical characteristics that were similar to those of conventional ceramic raw materials. The ceramic bodies produced from reformulated ceramic compositions had technological characteristics in agreement with the Brazilian standardizations for ceramic bricks and tiles.     

Development of ceramic material and filtering element technology for disk vacuum filtering units used in dewatering ferrous and nonferrous metal ore concentrates

Question of reducing expenditure for producing a production unit may be resolved by means of filtering elements made of porous permeable ceramic materials with a controlled pore size created using the newest technology. Methodology is presented for creating sector filtering elements made of porous permeable ceramic based on electrocorundum for disk vacuum filtering units used extensively in ferrous and nonferrous ore-dressing plants. Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 24 – 28, March 2009.     

利用废弃陶瓷材料制备莫来石轻质材料

为了回收利用废弃陶瓷材料,节约资源,以废弃陶瓷材料为主要原料,加入不同量的黏土(质量分数分别为15%、25%、35%),外加锯末和结合剂,经混料、成型、烘干后,1 200、1 250、1 300、1 350、1 400℃保温3 h热处理,然后检测试样的物理性能,并进行了物相和显微结构分析。结果表明,当废弃陶瓷材料与黏土的质量比为85 15,烧成温度为1 400℃时,试样的综合性能最优;由于热处理过程中发生了莫来石化,试样中的主要物相为莫来石;1 400℃热处理后试样的孔隙直径比1 200℃的大,基质结构也更加致密,由K2O、SiO2、Al2O3组成的液相也较多,因而使材料的强度增大。     

Amorphous silica wastes for reusing in highly porous ceramics

The paper analyzes a solution in green manufacturing of foamed or cellular ceramics. The objective of this study was to determine the technical solution for rice husk ash and “tales” of mixed glass cullet reusing based on the specific properties of these materials for creation of spherical holes inside ceramic using the process of coalescence of cellular glass. The paper reports on experimental results obtained from the production of lightweight cellular glass granules produced using glass cullet and rice husk ash. Lightweight cellular glass granules were mixed with clay, pressed and fired in air at 920°C. Clay sintering and the formation of ceramic were followed with the coalescence of cellular structure of glass granules and with the formation of spherical hollows inside the matrix. Density and strength of the fired ceramic bodies were determined. It is observed that the lightweight ceramics with density 900 ÷ 920 kg/m³ possess a compressive strength of about 5 MPa that is acceptable for bricks or tiles manufacture. The utilization of amorphous silica waste for lightweight ceramics manufacture helps in reducing waste disposal concerns and costs associated, and also transforms the waste into an alternative raw material with added value, moreover making the final product cheap.     

The use of basalt rocks from koitashskoe ore deposit in production of building ceramics and filter materials

The possibility of using recycled pyroxene scarn waste in the production of building ceramics is demonstrated. Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 1, pp. 17–18, January, 1999.     

Use of carbon fibre production wastes for fabrication of nonwoven materials and polymer composites

The importance of utilizing secondary resources as the raw-material base for production of nonwoven cloth and polymeric composite materials has increased with the trend toward the increase in the cost and shortage of primary raw materials. The technologies developed can be used to solve the problem of utilizing industrial wastes for production of commercial technical and domestic products, reduce the cost of manufactured products, and decrease the ecological strain of production of carbon fibres.Engel's Technological Institute, Saratov Technical University, Balakov Fibre Corp. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 2, pp. 40–42, March–April, 1995.     

Utilization of coal-enrichment wastes in ceramic production

Research shows that the use of montmorillonite clay and flotation wastes from coal enrichment permits the production of an effective heat insulator: high-performing claydite. Coal-enrichment wastes facilitate the formation of mullite on firing claydite.