IGCC气化炉性能计算及分析

采用实际数据法对喷流床气化炉的相关气化指标进行了计算,同时对干法送煤和湿法送煤两种气化炉性能进行分析,着重分析了飞灰含量及产气成分对气化炉性能的影响,并提出了改善IGCC的供电效率相关措施.为IGCC系统气化炉的选型和调节、性能全面的综合评价提供了重要的参考依据.     

气化参数对IGCC系统中气化炉性能的影响

首先单独对气化炉出口合成气成分含量进行核算,计算结果与文献基本吻合.然后建立200 MW级整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统模型,对基本参数下的IGCC系统进行计算,得出整个系统的性能参数.最后对不同气化参数温度、水煤浆浓度、氧气浓度、O/C比的气化炉性能及其整个IGCC系统效率进行比较,分析不同气化条件下的合成气成分体积含量、冷煤气效率、有效气(CO+H2)体积含量、比氧耗、比煤耗及整个IGCC系统效率的变化.结果表明:提高水煤浆的浓度,有利于提高气化炉的冷煤气效率;气化温度对IGCC系统性能影响较大;提高氧气浓度有利于提高气化冷气效率和系统的效率,本系统对应的最佳O/C比为1.02左右.     

IGCC系统关键部件的选择及其对电厂整体性能的影响——(2)余热锅炉篇

由于气化炉类型不同,合成气冷却器副产蒸汽的数量和品位不同,导致在应用于某些类型气化炉的IGCC系统时,优化后采用的余热锅炉在限定排烟温度的条件下,不能满足设计的节点温差.采用GT PRO软件,将目前几种主要型式余热锅炉配置到气化炉的IGCC系统中,通过对全厂技术和经济性能的模拟和比较,以选取最优的余热锅炉配置.     

输运床气化炉IGCC系统在不同净化方案配置下的热力性能比较

以输运床气化炉和E级燃气轮机为基础,构建了采用湿法除尘+低温脱硫、干法除尘+低温脱硫、干法除尘+中温脱硫和干法除尘+高温脱硫等4种净化方案的整体煤气化联合循环(IGCC)系统.应用输运床气化炉平衡模型和燃气轮机变工况模型,在相同的NOx排放标准和燃气轮机阎站煤气进气温度的条件下,对采用不同净化工艺方案的输运床IGCC系统的热力性能进行了计算和比较.结果表明:采用干法除尘+中温脱硫净化方案的输运床IGCC系统的供电效率为42.22%,比采用湿法除尘+低温脱硫方案的IGCC系统高1.34%;燃气轮机煤气进气温度的升高有利于提高IGCC系统的供电效率.     

论IGCC电站中气化炉型的选择

在一般论述IGCC电站对气化炉性能要求的基础上，着重比较了Texaco气化炉与Shell气化炉技术特性指标的差异，进而探讨了这两种气化炉对IGCC电站供电效率和发电成本的影响。     

整体煤气化联合循环-IGCC发电技术探讨

简要介绍了IGCC技术的工艺流程、设备及其主要特点,对IGCC的一些关键技术(气化炉的选择和煤气化技术)进行了分析和探讨,对IGCC存在问题提出了建议,并对其前景进行了展望.     

IGCC发电系统中煤气化工艺的选择

简要介绍了煤气化的基本原理和各种气化技术的特点,总结并综合比较了Texaco和Shell两种气化炉的主要工艺特点.结合烟台IGCC示范机组,对IGCC电站气化技术选择的有关问题进行了探讨.     

氧气纯度对两段式煤粉气化炉气化特性的影响

降低氧气纯度可以显著地降低空分能耗,对于提高IGCC电厂整体效率有着积极的意义.不过氧气纯度过低(低于95％),偏离设计工况参数,会对IGCC两段式干煤粉气化炉内温度、合成气组分以及气化效率造成一定的影响.为了探究氧气纯度对于IGCC两段式干煤粉气化炉内气化特性的影响,采用流程仿真软件Aspen Plus和数值模拟软件...     

典型E级IGCC热力系统性能指标计算及优化分析

围绕洁净煤发电技术趋势及热点,针对典型配置及流程的E级IGCC热力系统,以GTPRO商用计算软件为计算平台建立模型并计算,得出典型IGCC系统方案的热力性能指标,通过空分系数及氮气回注系数对系统性能影响的分析计算,揭示了IGCC系统的性能变化规律;通过对系统气化炉显热回收方案进行分析,提出了改进系统热力性能的优化方向。计算表明,在燃气轮机稳定运行范围内,独立空分、氮气回注的系统热力性能最佳;在保证气化炉抗渣除渣能力的基础上增加高温段换热器可有效回收显热,提高系统总体性能。     

水煤浆气化合成气显热回收对IGCC电站性能的影响

利用Thermoflex热力系统软件分别建立了基于GE-Texaco和E-Gas水煤浆气化的400MW级IGCC电站模型,通过设置的5种合成气显热回收方案,分析了水煤浆气化炉型、废热锅炉配置和废热锅炉出口合成气温度3个因素对IGCC电站性能的影响.结果表明:与GE-Texaco全热回收气化技术相比,采用E-Gas全热回收气化技术时蒸汽轮机的发电量和净发电量较低,供电效率提高、厂用电耗率降低;与合成气激冷方案相比,增设辐射废锅和对流废锅可以提高GE-Texaco气化合成气显热回收过程的蒸汽质量流量,进而提高IGCC电站的蒸汽轮机发电量、净发电量和供电效率;降低废热锅炉出口合成气的温度可以改善IGCC电站的整体性能.     

Comparison of Shell,Texaco, BGL and KRW gasifiers as part of IGCC plant computer simulations

The performances of four IGCC plants employing Shell, Texaco, BGL and KRW gasifiers were simulated using ASPEN Plus software for three different feeds. Performance analyses and comparisons of all four IGCC plants were performed based on the established data bank from the simulation. Discussions were focused on gas compositions, gasifier selection and overall performance.     

大型煤气化技术在IGCC电站中的应用现状

介绍了国内外已投运燃煤IGCC电站所采用的气化技术的基本情况及气化炉在IGCC电站运行中获得的主要经验,总结了世界上处于建设或规划中的主要燃煤IGCC电站的基本情况和采用的气化技术。对燃煤IGCC电站气化技术应用现状的综述可为将来IGCC电站项目选择煤气化技术提供参考和借鉴。     

干法供煤和水煤浆供煤的气化炉性能之比较

本文详细地论述了以ＳＨＥＬＬ气化炉和Ｔｅｘａｃｏ气化炉为代表的两种喷流床气化炉的行性它们的结构特点,以及这些特性和特点对于ＩＧＣＣ电站供电效率,运行安全性,系统设计的影响,其中ＳＨＥＬＬ气化炉是干法供煤喷流床气化炉的代表,后者则是水煤浆供煤喷流床气化炉的代表。由此也引伸了对ＰＲＥＮＦＬＯ气化炉和Ｄｅｓｔｅｃ气化炉特性的比较。     

Materials challenges and gasifier choices in IGCC processes for clean and efficient energy conversion

Abstract

In the 1970 and 1980s, gasifiers were envisaged for synthesising substitute natural gas (SNG) as well for IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) systems. Component temperatures were above 700°C, but stainless alloys did not have the required corrosion resistance. Experimental alloys developed in the UK were alumina formers, incorporating Ta, W, and Mo as gettering elements for sulphidation resistance. Sulphidation corrosion is solvable, but attack by HCl in gasification environments seems intractable. The supposed materials problems of gasification, plus the complexity of IGCC, have led to them being sidelined for power generation. However, commercial IGCC plants are not dependent on high temperature materials and offer higher efficiency than Rankine cycle steam. Best near term prospects for IGCC are for CO₂ capture, but this constrains the type of gasifier. Gasifiers incorporating carbon capture and storage produce hydrogen, or with less capture, SNG. Such systems will supply SNG for space heating as well as electricity, and can cope with the intermittency of wind energy. High efficiency IGCCs will need very advanced gas turbines with 100 bar, 1500-1600°C turbine inlet conditions. Key requirements will be thermal barrier coatings and catalytic combustor materials. Such gas turbines would offer efficiencies of 70% in straight CCGTs, or 50% when used in carbon capture IGCCs.     

Gasification characteristics of extra-heavy oil in a research-scale gasifier

From the perspective of energy security and environmental sustainability, the use of currently underutilized residual heavy oil can increase the value and applicability of Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) power generation systems. In order to utilize such fuel in IGCC applications reliably and effectively, it is essential to understand the phenomena within the gasifier. Therefore, the gasification characteristics of Orimulsion™ (registered trademark of BITOR Ltd) were studied using a 2.4 t/d research. The gasifier has many unique measurement devices, such as heat flux probes, sampling devices for hot gas and partially reacted solids, an optical gas analyzer (laser Raman), etc. The gasifier provides a range of performance indicators, such as calorific value of the product gas, cold gas efficiency, carbon conversion efficiency, and the vertical distribution of those results. Gasification reaction mechanisms and the vertical distribution of heat flux, which are required for effective modeling of gasification phenomena, were also studied under various operating conditions. These results are of the form that can be used in the design and operation of actual gasifiers for use with feedstocks like Orimulsion™.     

Evaluation of power generation schemes based on hydrogen-fuelled combined cycle with carbon capture and storage (CCS)

IGCC is a power generation technology in which the solid feedstock is partially oxidized to produce syngas. In a modified IGCC design for carbon capture, there are several technological options which are evaluated in this paper. The first two options involve pre-combustion arrangements in which syngas is processed, either by shift conversion or chemical looping, to maximise the hydrogen level and to concentrate the carbon species as CO₂. After CO₂ capture by gas-liquid absorption or chemical looping, the hydrogen-rich gas is used for power generation. The third capture option is based on post-combustion arrangement using chemical absorption.Investigated coal-based IGCC case studies produce 400-500 MW net power with more than 90% carbon capture rate. Principal focus of the paper is concentrated on evaluation of key performance indicators for investigated carbon capture options, the influence of various gasifiers on carbon capture process, optimisation of energy efficiency by heat and power integration, quality specification of captured CO₂. The capture option with minimal energy penalty is based on chemical looping, followed by pre-combustion and post-combustion.     

IGCC气化炉水循环计算与分析

以某整体煤气化联合循环（IGCC）气化炉为例,通过建立控制循环水系统数学模型进行了计算和分析,解：央复杂结构IGCC气化炉水系统流量、热量分配和阻力平衡问题．结果表明：高循环倍率使足够的循环水量流过受热面,能确保受热面不发生传热恶化;气化炉上段三组水冷壁管组在目标流量下压降很大,若优化布置结构、简化汽水流程,并尽量避免汽水混合物沿受热管道向下流动,则能有效提高效率、降低成本．     

Thermodynamic analysis of air-blown gasification for IGCC applications

This paper analyzes the thermodynamic performance of IGCC power plants based on an air-blown gasifier. A preliminary computational model for a lab-scale gasifier was calibrated on experimental data available in open literature, as a first step for the modeling of a large-scale MHI-type air-blown demonstration gasifier. The latter was analyzed by a parametric analysis, carried out by varying the gasification temperature and the heat transferred to the membrane walls. In agreement with data from MHI, the power balance of the air-blown gasifier suggests that the cold gas efficiency is similar to the one of oxygen-blown gasifiers, even though energy flows are quite different in the two gasification technologies.