An improved damaging model for structured clays

An improved damaging model formulated within the framework of bounding surface for structured clays was proposed. The model was intended to describe the effects of structure degradation due to geotechnical loading. The predictive capability of the model was compared with those of triaxial compression test on Tianjin soft clays. The results show that, by incorporating a new damage function into the model, the reduction of elastic bulk and shear modulus with elastic deformations and the reduction of plastic b...     

砂土的次加载面动本构模型

基于临界状态土力学框架,建立了一个适用于往返循环荷载作用的砂土次加载面本构模型。模型采用无弹性域假设,认为土体受到反向荷载的瞬时就产生塑性变形,砂土的弹性区域退化为一个点。根据试验结果,屈服面采用倒子弹头型。由于砂土的孔隙比与固结压力不存在唯一的关系,这样使得屈服面大小与孔隙比不能直接耦合,因而硬化规律不是剑桥模型的体变硬化,而是采用增量形式的塑性偏应变硬化表达式。流动法则采用加入状态参数概念的修正的Rowe应力剪胀关系。该模型能考虑砂土变形特性对密度和固结压力的双重依赖型,能合理地模拟砂土动荷载下的应力-应变关系曲线的光滑性、变形积累性、滞洄性。     

超固结土三轴排水不排水试验数值分析

在临界状态土力学的框架内,采用Hashiguchi提出的下负荷面本构模型,建议了一个简化的塑性硬化规律,使之能较合理地描述超固结粘土在正常屈服面和下负荷面之间的变化规律。数值模拟结果表明,修正后的硬化规律能够较好地描述超固结粘土的许多力学特性如应力应变关系、应变软化以及应力剪胀性等。数值预测结果与室内三轴排水试验结果相一致,并可以用来分析超固结粘土的不排水三轴应力路径。     

A unified viscoplasticity constitutive model based on irreversible thermodynamics

A unified viscoplasticity constitutive model for metal materials is developed within the framework of irreversible thermodynamics, and an expression for the Helmholtz free energy function involving the parameters reflecting kinematic hardening and isotropic hardening is given. At the same time a non-associated flow potential function including the corresponding state variables is also given, from which the flow equation and the evolution equations of the internal state variables are derived. Thus, a general theoretical framework constructing a unified viscoplasticity constitutive model is given. Compared with the typical unified viscoplasticity constitutive models, the presented model evidently satisfies the irreversible thermodynamics laws. Moreover, this method not only provides a new theoretical foundation for further development of the unified viscoplasticity constitutive model, but also gives a new theoretical framework for the stress-strain analysis of more materials. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant NO. 90410012)     

Development of a unified viscoplasticity constitutive model based on classical plasticity theory

The traditional unified viscoplasticity constitutive model can be only applied to metal materials. The study of the unified constitutive theory for metal materials has discovered the correlation between the classical plasticity theory and the unified viscoplasticity constitutive model, thus leading to the concepts of the classic plastic potential and yield surface in the unified constitutive model. Moreover, this research has given the continuous expression of the classical plastic multiplier and presented the corresponding constructive method, which extends its physical significance and lays down a good foundation for the application of the unified constitutive theory to the material analysis in more fields. This paper also introduces the unified constitutive model for metal materials and geo-materials. The numerical simulation indicates that the construction should be both reasonable and practical. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90410012)     

A critical state subloading surface model of sands with shear hardening

Based on the framework of critical state soil mechanics,a subloading surface plastic model for sand, being applicable to cyclic loading, was proposed. The model can be used to describe strain softening behaviour of sand under monotonic loading when the similarity-ratio equals to unity. The characteristics of the model are as follows: 1) A reverse bullet-shaped yield surface is adopted to ensure accurate prediction of the behavior of sand, instead of bullet-shaped or elliptical yield surface in Cam-Clay mode...     

含统一屈服面的非饱和黏性土弹塑性本构模型

首先将非饱和土巴塞罗那基本模型(Barcelona basic model,BBM)中的加载湿陷(loading collapse,LC)屈服面和吸力增加(suction increase,SI)屈服面统一为一个光滑的屈服面,然后基于弹塑性理论导出相应的弹塑性本构模型.统一屈服面的优点是可以进行LC屈服和SI屈服二者之间的耦合分析,即能模拟净应力和吸力同时变化的加载路径.此外,由于所建模型的屈服面没有尖点,因而可以简化数值模拟计算.所建模型共有14个参数,其中12个与非饱和土的物理力学性质和塑性屈服特性有关,另外2个与土的塑性硬化特性有关,所有参数都可通过非饱和土室内控制吸力的三轴等压和剪切试验确定.所建模型的模拟结果与本次试验研究及已发表文献中试验数据的对比表明,二者之间有较好的吻合,说明所建模型的合理性及有一定的实用价值.     

集成双极晶体管基区表面电流的准二维模型及其参数的提取

考虑到少子准费米能级沿基区表面的非均匀分布,建立了集成双极晶体管基区表面电流的准二维模型。利用栅控晶体管作为测试结构,提取出了主要的基区表面参数。     

基于两种本构模型的堆石坝应力变形比较研究

采用邓肯E-B模型与椭圆-抛物双屈服面模型对两岔河心墙堆石坝进行有限元应力变形分析,比较两种本构模型在正常高水位的满蓄期计算得到的坝体应力应变差异。结果表明:(1)两种模型计算的坝体沉降较为接近,邓肯E-B模型计算最大沉降稍小;邓肯E-B模型计算的顺河向水平位移与双屈服面模型相比,上游位移与下游位移均偏大。(2)受心墙拱效应影响,无论邓肯E-B模型还是双屈服面模型,心墙内的主应力均比过渡层小,小主应力均为正,心墙内均未出现拉应力。相比于双屈服面模型,邓肯E-B模型计算的心墙应力受心墙拱效应更为明显。(3)满蓄期防渗墙小主应力在左右岸角部出现拉应力,两种模型计算的拉应力区分布规律基本一致,但双屈服面模型计算的拉应力的值及变化梯度均大于邓肯E-B模型。     

工艺参数对45钢激光表面强化组织与性能的影响

通过改变激光功率和扫描速度等参数,研究其对45钢激光表面强化组织与性能的影响。实验结果表明,单道扫描时,当保持扫描速度v为15mm/s时,增加激光功率P,可增加硬化层的深度,最大深度可达1.5mm以上。另外,P/v比值越大,硬化层深度越大;而当P/v比值保持不变时,硬化层深度随着激光功率的增加而增加,其中激光功率从1.2kW到1.8kW时,硬化层深度值增加较快;当激光功率大于1.8kW后,深度值的增长随功率增加变缓;而且硬化层的硬度都达到700HV以上,远高于基体的硬度。在激光多道搭接扫描时,激光能量的再次输入会导致靠近搭接区的前一道硬化层产生回火软化,其硬度接近基体的硬度。     

基于响应面优化的青龙河流域HSPF模型参数校准方法

Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran(HSPF)模型参数多且交互作用复杂,传统参数寻优面临着优化参数不灵敏、优化算法易陷入局部陷阱等问题,影响了优化精度和效率.本文集成青龙河流域、参数抽样、灵敏度分析和参数优化探索新的寻优途径.应用响应面优化软件Design Expert,针对9个HSPF模型参数进行抽样,获得130组参数集,采用多元二次回归模型,建立参数集与纳什效率系数(NSE)的非线性关系,通过等高线和响应面识别最优参数及其密集取值区间.响应面优化参数的NSE平均值、最大值、最小值以及寻优区间缩减率均优于正交极差分析方法;LZSN、INFILT、AGWRC为极灵敏参数,DEEPFR为灵敏参数;LZSN和INFILT、INFILT和AGWRC、INFILT和UZSN、INFILT和IRC的交互作用对结果有显著影响;优化参数的密集取值区间:LZSN[2.00,2.65];INFILT[0.400,0.475];AGWRC[0.870,0.885];DEEPFR[0.101,0.176];BASETP[0.001,0.120];AGWETP[0,083,0.120];CEPSC[0.166,0.244];UZSN[0.83,1.22]; IRC[0.53,0.63].响应面方法综合了参数抽样、参数灵敏度分析以及参数优化等3个方面,考虑了参数非线性关系和参数的交互作用,兼顾了优化精度和效率,为青龙河流域HSPF模型参数优化开拓了新途径.     

面向信息物理融合系统的异构模型转换方法

作为一种深度网络化嵌入式系统,信息物理融合系统(Cyber-Physical System,CPS)具有联合动态性、系统组成异质性、计算过程与物理过程的多尺度融合性等典型特征,使得基于单一模型的传统嵌入式系统模型构建和仿真验证方法面临新的挑战.在CPS系统设计开发与仿真验证时,往往需要组合使用多种设计模型或建模语言以描述信息域与物理域实体特点.针对CPS计算物理深度融合的问题,在分析基于计算模型和物理模型进行CPS系统协同开发需求和可行性的基础上,以统一建模语言(Unified Modeling Language,UML)模型和仿真(Simulink)模型分别作为计算过程和物理过程典型建模方式,研究了连续时间和离散事件模型间的结构映射和行为映射,提出了一种Simulink模型与UML类图和活动图之间的转换方法,并通过ATL(ATLAS Transformation Language)转换规则实现了技术验证.     

围护结构热湿耦合传递模型及简便求解方法

为了预测围护结构内的温度和湿度分布,以连续变量,相对湿度和温度为驱动势,考虑热传递与湿传递之间的耦合作用,建立了围护结构热湿耦合传递非稳态模型,并提出了基于多物理场耦合仿真模拟软件COMSOL的热湿耦合传递模型简便求解方法。通过对比新建模型模拟结果与HAMSTAD标准验证实例,验证了模型及求解方法的准确性。     

集成电路效益成品率综合优化模型

在对集成电路优化设计方法的分析及对集成电路性能指标规范化的基础上，根据熵极大原理引入了反映电路性能优劣的性能综合指数，从而建立起集成电路效益成品率综合优化模型。     

A plasticity model for sand-structure interfaces

The predictive capacity of numerical analyses in geotechnical engineering depends strongly on the efficiency of constitutive models used for modeling of interfaces behavior. Interfaces are considered as thin layers of the soil adjacent to structures boundary whose major role is transferring loads from structures to soil masses. An interface model within the bounding surface plasticity framework and the critical state soil mechanics is presented. To this aim, general formulation of the interface model according to the bounding surface plasticity theory is described first. Similar to granular soils, it has been shown that the mechanical behavior of sand-structure interfaces is highly affected by the interface state that is the combined influences of density and applied normal stress. Therefore, several ingredients of the model are directly related to the interface state. As a result of this feature, the model is enabled to distinguish interfaces in dense state from those in loose state and to provide realistic predictions over wide ranges of density and normal stress values. In evaluation of the model, a reasonable correspondence between the model predictions and the experimental data of various research teams is found.     

基于应变软化与剪胀性特征的粉砂土双硬化弹塑性本构模型

针对上海粉细砂不存在惟一临界状态线的特点,对传统的砂土本构模型进行了改进,提出了一个能合理描述剪胀性和应变软化特性的粉细砂弹塑性本构模型. 该模型采用双屈服面形式,可同时反映剪切变形及压缩变形机理. 模型对传统修正剑桥模型中的剪胀性公式进行了改进,考虑了状态转换应力比与初始有效围压的相关性. 为了描述应变软化特性,提出了一个利用残余状态应力比和峰值应力比的应变软化公式,可较为合理地反映粉细砂的应变软化特性. 通过对上海粉细砂的多组试验结果模拟,验证了本文模型的合理性和有效性.     

沉降预测的多层递阶时间序列模型研究

为了研究沉降模型中参数的时变特性，提出了多层递阶时间序列模型，该模型将沉降预测分为预测模型参数的预测和在此基础上的沉降预测两部分.采用参数递推公式计算沉降时间序列模型的参数序列，并根据计算出的参数序列构建其时间序列预测模型.依此类推，可建立多层参数的预测公式，直至认为参数不随时间变化为止，然后根据参数预测结果来预测后期沉降.实例分析和计算表明，多层递阶时间序列模型能较好地反映参数的时变特性，取得较精确的沉降预测结果.     

邯郸市粉质粘土邓肯-张模型参数试验研究

为了获得区域性土体本构模型的计算参数,采取典型粉质粘土层作为土样进行三轴试验,得到邓肯-张模型参数,为岩土工程问题分析计算提供了依据。     

直升机非线性模型结构和参数鲁棒辨识方法

提出了一种能有效地对直升机模型进行辨识的鲁棒选择模型的新方法．通过分析数据矩阵模型判定方法,采用U—D分解方法以避免行列式的复杂计算,提高了计算效率．通过估计D阵元素的取值区间,得到了观测量不确定部分带来的模型辨识判据的误差上下界．依此判据,将候选模型按照重要程度逐个选取．参数估计采用了加权最小二乘算法,按照上界不等式对估计误差的协方差阵进行了估计,得到了鲁棒辨识的新算法．为了便于工程应用,给出了鲁棒辨识算法的收敛条件．根据飞行试验结果对直升机悬停、前飞模型和参数进行辨识的结果表明,新方法可以得到工程上满意的结果．