硬质合金涂层刀片铣削AISI410不锈钢刀具寿命研究

AISI410不锈钢广泛应用于各种工业设备的制造,如汽轮机叶片,各种泵的机械零件和蒸汽设备等。加工过程中存在着导热率低、加工硬化严重、切削力大等问题,属于典型的难加工材料。本文通过硬质合金涂层刀片铣削AISI410不锈钢正交试验,研究了硬质合金涂层刀片铣削AISI410不锈钢时刀具寿命的变化规律,归纳了相应的刀具寿命模型,并对其中的各影响因素的独立作用效果进行了分析。试验结果表明:硬质合金涂层刀片加工AISI410不锈钢时,铣削方式、每齿进给量、切削速度、轴向切削深度对刀具寿命的影响依次减小;切削速度越低,每齿进给量对于刀具寿命的影响越大;切削效率一定时,降低切削速度增大每齿进给量有利于延长刀具寿命。     

In-situ deposition of silica layers during the operation of a micro-gas turbine and their effect on the oxidation of superalloy blades

Silica-based oxide layers were deposited in-situ on turbine blades made from Inconel 713 during the operation of a 13 kg_f-class gas turbine, and their effect on the ex-situ oxidation behavior of the blades at 1050 °C was examined. The two turbines were driven by burning liquid petroleum gas (LPG), one turbine at a rotation speed of 35,000 rpm for 4 h (TB04), and the other at 42,000 rpm for 8 h (TB08). For deposition, tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) was sprayed into the fuel line immediately ahead of the combustion chamber. The TEOS-to-LPG ratio for TB04 and TB08 was maintained at 5.4 wt. % and 2.3 wt. %, respectively. Directly after operation, the turbine blades were coated with silica layers to a thickness of ∼10 μm, independent of the operating conditions. These oxide layers on the blades provided excellent protection against oxidation during both operation and the ex-situ isothermal oxidation test.     

超声振动超精密车削Ti6Al4V的表面质量研究

为研究超声振动辅助超精密车削Ti6Al4V切削性能,使用Son-x公司的UTS one设备使单晶金刚石刀具在切削方向振动,使用350FG摩尔Nanotech 4轴机床进行加工,采用四因素三水平正交试验,试验因素为切削速度、切削深度、进给速度和刀具振幅,切削力、表面粗糙度为评价指标。采用Zygo的Nexview 8050三维光学表面轮廓仪测量表面粗糙度;采用Kistler 9256B三相测力仪测量主切削力、进给抗力、切深抗力;采用日立TM3000扫描电镜对切屑进行观察。结果表明：切削速度对表面粗糙度和切削力的影响最大,切削深度和刀具振幅影响次之,进给速度对表面粗糙度和切削力均无显著影响;提高刀具振幅从总体趋势上可以降低切削力和表面粗糙度;随着切削速度的提高,即使切削速度远低于传统公式中计算出来的临界切削速度,切屑也会从平整带状变为两侧呈规律性锯齿状的带状,进而成为散裂状并且中间出现裂纹的切屑,在刀具振幅下降的过程中,以上现象更为明显。     

金刚石锯片切割性的评价方法和检测系统的研制

本文探讨了金刚石锯片切割性能的评价方法,基于此方法,应用多参数检测技术和LabVIEW软件平台开发出一套金刚石锯片性能检测系统。该系统可以实时的实现金刚石锯片切割性能参数的采集、显示、分析、存储和回放等功能。通过保存的数据可以方便的求出试验锯片的最大给进速度和平均给进速度以及功率的最大值和平均值等,来综合评价锯片的切割性能。     

基于Powermill的模具高速加工编程及应用研究

从高速加工的工艺要求出发,阐述了采用Powermill进行模具高速加工编程的策略,合适的高速加工方法的选择、走刀方式的控制等,并以衣架模具为加工对象,制定合理的加工工艺和切削参数,完成高速加工编程。     

Computer-aided accuracy enhancement for multi-axis CNC machine tool

A computer-aided error compensation scheme has been developed to enhance the accuracy of multi-axis CNC machine tools by compensating for machine geometric and thermal errors in software way. Stationary geometric errors including the coupling effect of linkage errors between machine slides are calibrated off line. Dynamic thermal errors are predicted on line by an artificial neural network model. Because machine errors are variant with the cutting time and slide positions, a PC based compensation controller has been developed to upgrade commercial CNC controllers for real-time error compensation. The real-time compensation capability is achieved by digital I/0 communication between the compensation controller and CNC controller without the need of any hardware modification to the machine servo-drive loops. The compensation scheme implemented on a horizontal machining center has been proven to improve the machine accuracy by one order of magnitude using a laser interferometer and cutting test.     

1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力的实验研究

阐述了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢的切削特性,应用正交试验法进行了球头刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力实验,以铣削速度、铣削深度、进给量、行间距和斜面与水平面的夹角为试验因素,以球头刀斜面铣削力为试验指标。根据实验结果,回归得出了预测1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面铣削力的模型,并分析了各试验因素对铣削力的影响规律,最后给出了球头刀铣削1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢斜面时的推荐铣削参数值,并将其应用于不锈钢搅拌桨叶片加工。     

Direct adaptive control of end milling process

A direct adaptive control algorithm, which is spindle speed and drive dynamics independent, has been developed for machining operations. The combined dynamics of feed motion and cutting process are modelled as a third order system whose parameters may vary with spindle speed and part geometry changes during machining. The algorithm does not use any specific time interval, thus sampling time dependent discrete transfer functions and pole assignments are avoided. The adaptive controller is designed to have a closed loop characteristic function which behaves like an open loop regular and stable machining operation. The proposed direct adaptive controller is practical, can be used in any multi-axes machining, and can be combined with chatter suppression techniques which require spindle speed regulation. The algorithm is applied to the adaptive control of milling. Satisfactory results are obtained in constraining the maximum cutting forces and dimensional surface errors in milling experiments.     

基于BP神经网络数控机床切削能耗的研究

数控机床的能耗来源于工作时的电动机空载和切削过程中的负载消耗。分析切削过程中的切削速度、进给速度、切削深度等切削参数对数控机床能耗的影响;基于BP神经网络搭建数控机床能耗与切削参数的模型,简化了经验公式繁琐的计算过程;利用遗传算法对切削参数进行优化。对比试验表明:用优化后的参数进行加工,能明显地降低能耗,为加工过程能耗控制提供了一个良好的方案。     

Estimating the effect of cutting parameters on surface finish and power consumption during high speed machining of AISI 1045 steel using Taguchi design and ANOVA

The present paper outlines an experimental study to investigate the effects of cutting parameters on finish and power consumption by employing Taguchi techniques. The high speed machining of AISI 1045 using coated carbide tools was investigated. A combined technique using orthogonal array and analysis of variance was employed to investigate the contribution and effects of cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut on three surface roughness parameters and power consumption. The results showed a significant effect of cutting speed on the surface roughness and power consumption, while the other parameters did not substantially affect the responses. Thereafter, optimal cutting parameters were obtained.     

超薄切割片的加工变形研究现状

超薄切割片在工作中极易出现径向加工变形。从应力和变形的理论分析、有限元模拟分析和试验研究等方面,对超薄切割片的加工变形研究现状进行总结。此外,分析研究中存在的问题,介绍具有相似结构的砂轮和圆锯片的相关研究成果。结果发现:切割片转速对超薄切割片变形影响的研究比较系统,但磨削深度和进给速度对其影响的相关研究还有一定的差距。同时,切入工件时测量方法的缺失也限制了研究的深入。因此,需要不断完善理论公式并充分应用有限元模拟,持续推进相关研究,优化和补偿超薄切割片的变形,提高工件的加工精度。      

一种不锈钢材料车削的表面粗糙度试验与研究

针对不锈钢材料切削加工的难题,采用回归正交表设计试验方案。采用回归方法对试验数据进行分析,建立表面粗糙度模型。利用自编程序迅速、准确地完成试验数据的选取、处理,并进行结果分析。结果表明：切削速度、进给量、车刀刀尖半径对表面粗糙度的影响明显,而切削深度对表面粗糙度的影响不明显;增大切削速度、车刀刀尖半径可降低表面粗糙度,增大进给量会使零件表面粗糙度变大。试验结果对不锈钢的加工有重要的参考价值     

Digital manufacture of large-grade hydro turbine's blades

The blade is one of the vital components and the most difficulty in manufacturing of large hydro turbines. In order to cost-effectively and productively manufacture these kinds of blades, a series of innovative digital techniques have been developed. It includes the digital design of hydro turbine blades based on manufacturers’ requirements, computer-aided location and the machined error evaluation with three-dimensional digitized measure, tool path generation strategy for enhancing machining efficiency and controlling deviation in NC machining, tool path generation and NC machining simulation by means of a virtual NC machining environment for blades, and feasible strategy and the systematic scheme for manufacturing of large blades with 5-axis simultaneous CNC machining technology. The developed innovative digital manufacture techniques have been successfully applied in the manufacturing of both the large grade Kaplan and Francis hydraulic turbine blades. It has been shown that the higher efficiency and the better surfaces finish accuracy can be achieved in practical engineering.     

高速铣在汽车零部件模具制造中的高效应用

叙述了高速切削原理,如何确定切削参数及刀具轨迹,对应数控系统和机床设定余量、进给率、主轴转速、进刀方式和刀具轨迹的圆滑过渡等参数,并结合CAM特色,实现高速铣削编程,提高模具制造的效率及质量。     

切削参数对碳钢微量润滑切削温度的影响

为了了解切削参数影响碳钢微量润滑切削温度的规律,通过45钢的车削实验,利用自然热电偶测温,探明在干切削、传统浇注润滑和微量润滑条件下,不同切削参数对切削温度的影响及原因。实验结果表明:MQL切削温度随切削参数增大而上升,切削速度对MQL温度影响最大,切削深度影响最小;在低切削速度时,MQL冷却效果优于传统浇注润滑,在中、高速时,MQL冷却效果比浇注润滑差;MQL冷却能力随切削速度和进给量增大而减弱,不随切削深度而变化。     

非稳态条件下平整机延伸率波动分析与控制

针对非稳态下平整机延伸率波动的两个问题,即加速过程中轧制力补偿量偏小,以及启车过程中二级轧制力偏大,分别提出修正速度轧制力前馈模型、增加停车/启车记忆轧制力功能,上述两个方法实施后,非稳态下平整机延伸率波动问题明显改善,延伸率命中率可达到90%以上。     

涡轮叶片切削参数研究与仿真

为解决涡轮叶片可选加工参数较多、加工质量与效率难以保证的难题,提出一种涡轮叶片的五轴加工工艺。利用解析分析的方法建立切削力理论模型,对比验证切削力经验公式的模型精度。结合工件受力变形有限元模型,选取优化后的切削参数,并利用可视化软件实现对叶片无偏摆点铣与侧铣程序的编制与仿真。可视化仿真结果表明：该加工工艺及参数下,可获得加工精度较高的叶片表面;点铣法加工精度较高,通用性强,与侧铣法相比效率较低。铣削试验结果表明：仿真表面结果与试验表面在变化规律上吻合良好,证明了所提工艺与参数的有效性,提升了涡轮叶片的制造精度与效率。     

金刚石圆锯片不同转速下的横向振动分析

由于大直径金刚石圆锯片的径厚比>200,属于薄板类工具,所以抗弯能力有限。金刚石圆锯片在高速切削过程中常常引起振动,一旦该振动频率与其他外部激振频率发生共振,振幅将会快速增大。利用激光位移传感器,对金刚石圆锯片横向振动测量,研究其在不同转速范围内的横向振动问题。通过转速-振幅曲线,得出圆锯片的横向振幅与转速的变化规律。结果表明:锯片横向振幅随转速增加而增加。在锯片工作转速范围内,其振幅值较小,超过工作转速振幅急剧增加。内径100 mm,外径2300 mm的圆锯片在转速达到300 r/min时,振幅是外径800 mm圆锯片的3.5倍,外径3600 mm的圆锯片同等情况下振幅是外径800 mm圆锯片的7倍。      

发动机自由涡轮叶片裂纹分析

发动机在持久试车例行定检孔探时发现自由涡轮叶片上有一条疑似穿透性裂纹,通过对其进行磁流、荧光检测发现,在一叶片尾缘处有一条长度为5~7 mm的裂纹。对发动机进行分解、零件荧光检测发现多片叶片均存在裂纹。采用宏观检查、断口分析、金相剖切等手段,对裂纹叶片开裂性质进行确认,并对自由涡轮叶片的开裂原因进行分析及验证。结果表明,自由涡轮叶片裂纹性质为疲劳开裂。采用有限元软件对自由涡轮叶片进行振动计算及载荷谱复查,结果表明,由于试车载荷谱发生改变,转子与叶片在工作转速范围内形成共振,造成叶身高阶弯曲疲劳裂纹。     

铣削大理石切削参数对PCD刀具磨损的影响

目的探索PCD刀具磨损机理,以延长刀具使用寿命。方法设计正交试验,研究不同加工参数切削大理石对刀具磨损的影响情况。分析主轴转速、进给速度与切削深度对PCD刀具磨损量的影响规律,以优化切削参数来减小刀具磨损量。根据经验公式,建立单位时间刀具磨损量和固定行程磨损量模型。通过对试验过程刀具振动情况记录,结合刀具实际磨损情况,给出了刀具磨损等级。结果主轴转速的提高可以减少刀具磨损量,进给速度的增大会加剧刀具磨损,而切削深度小于1 mm时,其对刀具磨损量的影响很小,但切削深度大于1 mm时,继续增大切削深度会使刀具快速磨损。利用预测模型能够很好地对刀具磨损情况进行预判,根据磨损等级,得出刀具与机床发生共振时磨损最为严重,在刀具表面产生了明显的犁沟、磨损以及金刚石颗粒脱落。结论在实际加工中,通过提高主轴转速、降低进给速度以及减小切削深度有助于增强刀具的耐用度,避开共振切削参数可以有效降低刀具磨损,主轴转速、进给速度、切削深度分别为12000r/min、500 mm/min、0.5 mm时的切削效果较佳,有最小的刀具磨损量。