不同浸提方法对茶样中各儿茶素组分含量影响的比较

选取2个标准茶样为实验材料,采用高效液相色谱法检测,考察了GB/T 8313-2002《茶茶多酚测定》与GB/T 8313-2008《茶叶中茶多酚和儿茶素类含量的检测方法》中2种不同的茶汤浸提方法对茶样中儿茶素组分含量的影响。结果表明:在完全相同的实验条件下,3位实验人员采用GB/T 8313-2002中的沸水浸提法检测儿茶素各组分含量时,其中2位实验人员的测定结果差异不显著;而采用GB/T 8313-2008中的体积分数70%甲醇溶液浸提法检测时,3位实验人员所测定的结果在5%显著水平上差异显著,尤其是儿茶素中的酯型儿茶素的测定结果,差异达到极显著水平,且沸水浸提法与70%的甲醇水溶液浸提法相比,沸水浸提法儿茶素各组分含量的测定结果均高于70%甲醇水浸提法。表明在GB/T 8313-2008的茶汤浸提中,用沸水浸提法代替70%甲醇提取法可能更适于茶叶中儿茶素含量的测定。     

川产夏秋绿茶茶多酚超声波辅助法提取工艺研究

以川产夏秋粗老绿茶绿毛峰为原料,以乙醇为提取剂,研究超声波辅助提取茶多酚的最佳工艺,并与常规水提法结果进行对比。结果得出超声波辅助醇提法浸提最佳工艺条件为:料料液比1∶120、超声波火力值70%(功率350W)、醇浓度80%、浸提温度60℃、浸提时间40min。在此浸提条件下,茶多酚浸提率为14.53%;比常规水提10.85%的茶多酚浸提率相比,浸提效率提高33.92%。     

鹧鸪茶多酚的提取及抗氧化性研究

以鹧鸪茶为原料,选取超声辅助浸提法提取多酚化合物,探讨了超声功率、浸提温度、料液比、浸提时间对多酚得率的影响。在单因素试验基础上,通过正交试验优化提取工艺。采用DPPH自由基法、ABTS自由基法和羟自由基法评价多酚提取物的抗氧化性。结果表明,鹧鸪茶多酚的最佳工艺条件为:超声功率300 W、浸提温度70℃、料液比1:25 (g/mL)、时间30 min,在此条件下,多酚得率为(10.72±0.52)%(以干重计,w/w)。鹧鸪茶多酚提取物具有较强清除DPPH自由基、ABTS自由基和羟自由基能力,其IC50值分别为(0.0054±0.0003)、(0.077±0.004)、(0.114±0.006)mg/mL,说明鹧鸪茶多酚具有较强的体外抗氧化活性。     

茶多酚浸提工艺研究

利用紫外分光光度法和高效液相色谱法,研究了茶叶中茶多酚(TP)的浸提工艺条件。实验证明:乙醇可以抑制茶多酚,尤其是儿茶素的氧化,40%乙醇在40℃浸提10min三次,茶多酚的浸提率为32.1%,EGCG、EGC、C、EC、ECG分别为7.5%、4.1%、0.1%、0.6%、2.2%,茶多酚和儿茶素的浸提率较用纯水浸提分别提高29.4%和16.1%。     

酱香型白酒丢糟中类黑精的检测及提取工艺研究

以酱香型白酒丢糟为研究对象,提取并测定丢糟中类黑精,采用单因素及正交试验优化丢糟中类黑精提取工艺。结果表明,乙醇溶液浸提类黑精的最佳工艺为提取时间3 h,提取温度55 ℃,料液比1∶25（g∶mL）。此优化条件下,类黑精提取率为51.25%。超声辅助溶液浸提类黑精的最佳提取工艺为超声时间25 min,超声温度75 ℃,料液比1∶37（g∶mL）,乙醇体积分数50%,超声功率为320 W。此优化条件下,类黑精提取率为72.37%。结果表明超声辅助溶液浸提法优于乙醇溶液浸提法。     

木瓜蛋白酶对白茶浸提液中茶多酚含量的影响

通过对浸提温度、浸提时间、酶添加量进行单因素和正交试验,探讨木瓜蛋白酶辅助浸提法对白茶茶多酚浸提含量的影响。结果表明,影响白茶茶多酚浸出量的主次顺序为浸提温度、浸提时间、酶添加量;最佳工艺为浸提温度65℃,浸提时间为40 min,酶添加量为3%,此条件下白茶茶多酚浸出量为8.31 g/kg。     

板栗花中总多酚提取工艺优化

研究板栗花中多酚类物质的最佳提取工艺条件。采用传统回流加热法对板栗花中多酚类物质进行提取试验研究,通过4种不同试剂在相同实验条件下的浸提效果进行比较分析,确定最佳提取试剂为甲醇。然后分别对微波浸提法和超声波浸提法提取板栗花中多酚类物质的工艺进行比较研究,通过对甲醇体积分数、浸提时间、料液比等单因素的浸提效果进行研究,确定最佳单因素水平,再通过正交试验分别确定以甲醇为浸提剂提取板栗花中多酚类化合物的最佳提取工艺条件。通过验证实验确定最佳提取方法为微波浸提法,最后提取条件为40%甲醇溶液、提取时间60s、微波功率480W、料液比1:25(g/mL),在此条件下,多酚得率为6.69%。     

茶多酚水溶液浸提法生产低咖啡碱茶叶的研究

首次采用茶多酚水溶液浸提法脱除鲜茶叶与干茶叶中的咖啡碱,并保留其中的主要功能性成分茶多酚。鲜茶叶最佳浸提条件为:温度100℃,料液比1:10(g/mL),茶多酚水溶液质量体积分数5%,时间5min。此条件下咖啡碱脱除率达80.61%,比传统热水浸提法提高31.25%,且茶多酚无损失。干茶叶最佳浸提条件为:温度100℃,料液比1:20(g/mL),茶多酚水溶液质量体积分数15%,时间7min。此条件下咖啡碱脱除率达81.61%,且处理后的茶叶中茶多酚含量提高90.02%。研究结果表明,针对鲜茶叶和干茶叶原料,茶多酚水溶液浸提法均能有效脱除其咖啡碱,并有效保留或提高茶叶中的茶多酚,比传统热水浸提法有明显优势,是一种生产低咖啡碱茶叶的新方法。     

正交实验优化多频超声波辅助法提取绿茶茶多酚工艺

研究并优化多频超声辅助提取茶多酚的工艺。以绿茶为实验原料,研究提取时间、提取温度、料液比、循环速度、多频超声波功率5个因素对多频超声辅助提取茶多酚的影响。在此基础上利用正交实验对多频超声波提取工艺进行优化。多频超声辅助法提取绿茶茶多酚最佳工艺为:超声(28kHz,200W),(33kHz,200W),(40kHz,200W),(60kHz,200W),时间20min,温度65℃,料液比1∶70g/mL,循环速度1200r/min;提取率为25.69%,比传统浸提法提高了43.68%。     

超声辅助提取武夷岩茶茶梗中茶多酚的工艺优化

以武夷岩茶废弃下脚料茶梗为原料,采用响应面法优化超声辅助提取茶多酚工艺。以茶汤中茶多酚含量及感官评分为指标,对超声功率、浸提温度、浸提时间和水茶比等工艺参数进行研究。结果表明最佳的提取工艺参数为:超声功率450 W、浸提温度73.7 ℃、浸提时间37.5 min和水茶比22:1 mL/g。预测的茶多酚含量为15.52%,经过实验验证茶多酚含量为15.46%±0.03%。结果表明该工艺切实可行,在使茶汤具有最佳感官品质的同时,最大程度地保留了茶多酚含量。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the