氧化锌/偏锡酸锌复合氧化物的制备与光催化性能

用低热固相法制备氧化锌/偏锡酸锌(ZnO/ZnSnO3)复合氧化物前驱体,经800℃煅烧1h制得ZnO/ZnSnO3复合氧化物.用X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜和氮吸附比表面仪及Brunauer-Emmett-Teller法等表征ZnO/ZnSnO3复合氧化物的结构与性能.以甲基橙为模板,考察了催化剂用量、光照强度和时间等对光催化活性的影响,并与氧化锌(ZnO)、氧化锡(SnO2)和ZnSnO3的光催化性能进行了比较.结果表明:ZnO/ZnSnO3复合氧化物为形貌均匀的纳米材料,颗粒尺寸为20～25nm,比表面积为16.01m2/g,其光催化性能优于单独的ZnO,SnO2和ZnSnO3.当甲基橙浓度为20mg/L,800℃煅烧1h的ZnO/ZnSnO3复合氧化物光催化剂用量为100mg,300W高压汞灯光照反应60min时,甲基橙的脱色率在90%以上.     

SnO2/ZnO复合氧化物的制备及对亚甲基蓝的光催化性能研究

本文以SnCl4·5H2O、ZnCl2、氨水为原料,采用共沉淀法制备出SnO2/ZnO复合光催化剂,用XRD测试手段对其进行了表征,并以降解亚甲基蓝为模型反应,用分光光度计测定亚甲基蓝降解前后的吸光度,考察了不同条件下制备的复合氧化物的光催化活性,讨论了影响亚甲基蓝降解率主要因素。结果表明,ZnO复合SnO2后,光催化活性明显优于纯ZnO,且经400℃焙烧1.5h制得的复合光催化剂具有较高的光催化活性,利用该复合光催化材料降解有机染料废水是一种可行的方法。     

H2S气敏材料研究进展

介绍了SnO2系、ZnO系、ZnS系、WO3系及复合氧化物半导体型H2S气敏材料的国内外研究现状;阐述了掺杂及制备方法对提高气敏材料的灵敏度、选择性以及降低工作温度和缩短响应－恢复时间等方面的影响;提出了气体传感器的发展方向。     

Ti/SnO_2/ZnO复合薄膜的制备及其光催化性能研究

以Ti/SnO2为基体,从Zn(NO3)2水溶液中阴极电沉积ZnO,制备了Ti/SnO2/ZnO复合薄膜,用X-射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和紫外可见漫反射吸收光谱对其进行了表征,以甲基橙为目标有机物,考察了其光催化活性.实验结果表明,Ti/SnO2/ZnO复合薄膜的光催化活性明显高于Ti/ZnO薄膜,且其催化活性随ZnO的沉积时间而变化.对复合薄膜催化活性提高的原因进行了讨论.     

SnO2/ZnO复合中空纤维材料的制备及其光催化性能

采用天然棉花为模板制备了具有高光催化活性的SnO2/ZnO复合中空纤维光催化材料;利用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)技术对其相结构和形貌进行了表征;以亚甲基蓝(MB)的脱色降解为模型反应,考察了Sn4+和Zn2+物质的量比为0.1∶1时煅烧温度对其催化性能的影响。实验结果表明:制备的样品为复制了棉花纤维模板形貌、具有中空结构的SnO2和ZnO半导体复合材料(SnO2/ZnO);煅烧温度对材料SnO2/ZnO的结晶度、晶粒大小﹑表面微结构和催化性能等有显著影响;650℃左右所得样品在太阳光下的催化活性最好,1 h可使MB溶液的脱色降解率达100%;该材料易于离心分离,具有良好的催化活性和重复使用性能。     

CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物载体在催化中的应用研究进展

介绍了CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物制备方法及性能特征；评述了影响CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物结构、性质的因素；对负载金属元素后的催化剂在不同的催化反应中的应用进行了综述。并对CeO2-TiO2复合氧化物应用前景作了展望。     

氧化锌-氧化锑复合掺杂二氧化锡基陶瓷的制备与电学性能

用无压烧结技术制备氧化锌(ZnO),氧化锑(Sb2O3)及ZnO-Sb2O3掺杂的氧化锡(SnO2)基陶瓷材料.用Archimedes排水法测定样品的相对密度(ρr).用van der Pauw 法测量SnO2基陶瓷材料的电阻率(R).用扫描电镜测试研究SnO2基陶瓷材料的显微结构、晶体结构,并分析材料的结构与性能的内在联系.研究表明:ZnO作为烧结助剂能显著地提高材料的烧结性能,材料的?r随ZnO掺量的增加先升高后降低,当ZnO的掺量(摩尔分数,下同)为1.0%时,样品的ρr最佳.材料的ρr随Sb2O3的增加而逐渐降低,R随Sb2O3的增加呈现出先降低后升高再降低的变化趋势.Sb2O3的掺量为0.5%时,ρr与R均较好;1.0%ZnO-0.5%Sb2O3的复合掺杂,在1 400℃无压烧结即可得到ρr为97%、室温R为0.1099μ·cm的致密SnO2基导电陶瓷材料.     

微波辐射法研制复合半导体光催化材料TiO2/ZnO

采用微波辐射法制备了复合型半导体光催化材料TiO2/ZnO,利用X射线衍射(XRD)测试技术对TiO2/ZnO复合型半导体光催化材料进行了表征。用甲基红模拟有机废水,在高压汞灯模拟日光光照的条件下,研究了复合型半导体光催化材料TiO2/ZnO光催化降解有机废水的过程,并在相同的条件下,与机械研磨法制备的复合型半导体光催化材料TiO2/ZnO的光催化性能进行了对比实验。研究结果表明,微波辐射法制备的复合型半导体光催化材料TiO2/ZnO具有很好的光催化性能,TiO2/ZnO投加量为0.5g.L-1时,其具有良好的光催化脱色性能,经1h光照,对甲基红的光降解效率可以达到100%。随着溶液初始浓度增加,甲基红的降解率增大。     

低温固相反应合成Zn2SnO4及其气敏性能

以SnCl4·5H2O,Zn(NO3)2·6H2O和NaOH为原料,用低温固相反应法合成尖晶石型复合氧化物Zn2SnO4纳米晶体.用X射线衍射、透射电镜表征粉末的晶体结构和形态.结果表明:固相反应完全,合成的前躯体经600℃煅烧1 h后可以得到单相的Zn2SnO4粉体,颗粒形状为球形,平均粒径约为50 nm.将合成样品制成烧结型旁热式气敏元件,测试了元件的敏感特性.气敏测试结果表明:尖晶石型复合氧化物Zn2SnO4为n型半导体气敏材料,在工作电压为5.0 V时,材料对浓度为30μL/L的H2S有较高的灵敏度,其灵敏度高达75倍.     

p-n复合半导体光催化剂研究进展

综述了p-n复合半导体光催化剂的光催化原理及研究现状。根据p-型材料种类,将p-n复合半导体光催化剂分为4类:p-型半导体材料为镍氧化物、p-型半导体材料为钴氧化物、p-型半导体材料铜氧化物及由其它p-型半导体材料组成的"p-n结型"、"二极管"式p-n复合半导体光催化剂,分别对其研究状况进行了介绍。提出了当前p-n复合半导体光催化剂研究中存在的一些问题,并对未来的研究方向进行了探讨。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。