专业学位研究生工程实践模式探索

探讨了专业学位研究生的工程实践培养模式。采用有效工程实践教学方法,丰富研究生工程实践内容,企业技术人员深度参与研究生工程实践教学,多样化工程实践教学组织形式,构建工程实践教学新模式和培养应用型专业学位工程硕士研究生体系。     

优化课程设置培养宽口径复合型工程硕士

自1996年开展在职人员攻读工程硕士学位试点,国务院学位委员会1997年第15次会议审议并批准设立工程硕士学位,实施<工程硕士专业学位设置方案>以来,工程硕士专业学位的设立对于实现科教兴国和可持续发展战略,促进教育面向国民经济建设主战场,振兴国有大中型企业具有重大意义,并且解决了长期以来国有大中型企业高层次人才缺乏而得不到补充的状况.工程硕士专业学位的设立,改变了工科学位类型比较单一的状况,也是推进改革产学研合作的又一有效途径.     

学位研究生案例库建设

为了适应工程硕士培养新要求与新目标,以材料类工程硕士案例库建设为例,探讨了专业学位研究生案例库建设思路与模式。一个好的案例库应具有明确的教学目标,以夯实研究生专业基本理论和提高工程应用能力为出发点,加强基本技能训练和培养,提升综合能力,强调师生互动、校企联系、成果共享。构建合理的内容框架,以材料科学与工程为主线,涵盖基本理论和创新能力培养、材料研究制备典型案例、材料的服役与失效过程分析三大模块。     

工程硕士教育过程的研究与实践

工程硕士是适应我国经济建设需要，面向工矿企业和工程建设部门，按一定的工程领域以及新的培养目标和培养方案，培养宽口径、应用型、复合型工程技术和工程管理高层次专门人才的一种新型的专业学位。工程硕士教育主要包括招生、课程设置、论文和管理等过程。多年来，东北大学对工程硕士的教育过程进行了不断地研究与实践，为今后进一步开展工程硕士专业学位教育进行了有益的尝试。     

协同创新背景下工程硕士培养模式改革

在总结美国工程硕士教育主要特点和分析中国工程硕士教育发展趋势基础上,针对工业工程领域工程硕士的特点,指出协同创新背景下工业工程领域工程硕士研究生培养模式改革的必要性和紧迫性,探索工业工程领域工程硕士研究生培养改革方案。     

冶金和材料工程领域的工程硕士学位教育

培养工程硕士是国家面向生产第一线培养高层次人才采取的重大举措，也是高等工科院校研究生培养工作中的一项重要任务。本文结合我校工程硕士研究生的培养工作，从培养目标、课程设置、论文选题和评审以及双导师制的实施等方面谈了一些心得和体会，旨在提高工程硕士研究生的质量．不断规范和完善工程硕士的培养过程。     

合理构建培养体系全面提高工程硕士培养质量

培养工程硕士是我国为面向生产第一线培养高层次人才采取的重大举措.它着眼于加快我国工矿企业和工程部门,特别是国有大中型企业的科技队伍和管理队伍建设,通过提高在职工程技术和管理人员的素质,增强我国企业实力和参与国际市场竞争的能力.我国在1997年正式设立工程硕士专业学位,实践证明,它不仅加强了企业与高校的联系,而且是高等教育面向社会经济主战场的切入点,是高校从封闭式办学向开放式办学转变、高等教育日益社会化的具体体现.工程硕士的培养,不仅为企业造就了大批优秀实用人才,而且推动了企业建设发展和技术进步.     

论仪式教育及其现代功能——以专业学位研究生培养中仪式教育实施为例

仪式作为文化最具代表性的体现方式之一,具有氛围、直观、群体、仿做、综合效应及教育、传承、导向、约束、激励、凝聚、辐射功能,因而具有特殊的教育作用.目前,专业学位研究生培养中仪式教育要素实施不足.应以成人意识为核心,以责任意识、敬畏意识、独立意识为其意识丛,构建专业学位研究生仪式教育所涉意识体系,制定专业学位研究生仪式教育方案,并采取领导重视、组织保障、经费落实、注重管理等措施保障其实施.     

以职业能力为导向构建四维全日制专业学位研究生教育质量保障体系

职业能力是专业学位教育的生命线,全日制专业学位研究生职业能力培养仅靠改革培养阶段某个环节难以从根本上解决问题。专业学位教育是一项系统工程,培养全日制专业学位研究生职业能力必须完善专业学位教育层次结构,建立专业学位等级制度,与行业任职资格建立无缝隙连接,建立适合全日制专业学位教育的师资队伍,开展前期职业生涯规划指导。     

香港大学专业硕士研究生培养的启示

在国家深入推进专业硕士研究生培养模式改革的背景下,构建全新的专业学位研究生培养模式成为专业学位研究生教育的重点和难点。基于专业硕士研究生应用型的导向,香港大学重视系统理论知识素养培养与实际调研能力训练;采用案例教学方法,培养学生问题意识和创新意识;提倡团队作业方式,培养学生团队协作能力。香港大学在近百年探索中形成的专业学位研究培养的实践经验,对于新形式下内地高校正确把握专业学位研究生教育本质,培养高层次应用型创新人才提供了有益的启示。     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.     

Quality of life of relatives of mental patients

Usage of quality of life of psychiatric patients' relatives as the parameter of estimation of the quality of psychiatric care is considered. By means of standard questionnaire elaborated by the authors as well as by means of both individual and group conversations the quality of life was analyzed in 40 relatives which lived together with psychiatric patients. Different spheres of their life and difficulties (financial, social-psychologic, production) were examined in families with such patients. The defects of psychiatric care that had direct influence on the quality of life of the psychiatric patients' relatives are outlined.