光学显微镜自动对焦装置设计与实现

随着自动对焦技术的各种理论和方法飞速发展,该技术越来越多地应用于各种成像系统。但是,其在一些显微成像领域中的实际应用并不成熟,仍然需要进行大量的实验和研究。在对图像自动对焦方法理论研究的基础上,利用CCD传感器、STM32F429单片机、ADA4861运算放大器和步进电机等器件,设计并实现了一种在光学显微镜上应用的自动对焦装置。     

低质量扫描电镜图像增强设计及实现

扫描电镜是研究微观结构的一种常用的科研手段,但由于荷电效应、边缘效应、样品损伤等原因,易生成低质量的电镜图像,从而影响对样品的分析。总结了低质量图像的规律,针对扫描电镜图像的特点设计了适合的增强算法,提高了图像的质量,并进一步设计了勾勒样品边缘的方法,拓展了电镜图像分析功能。基于SoPC技术的嵌入式平台,实现了整个电镜图像处理流程。DEII开发板实验表明,提出的方法可有效提高低质量电镜图片的质量,给科研工作者提供了一种更准确、轻松的从扫描电镜图像中获取所需信息的途径。     

两种工作电源的设计与实现

给出了直流稳压电源和逆变电源的设计方案。直流稳压电源具有两路±1 5 V,两路±1 2 V,两路±5 V和一路1.25～37V连续可调七路输出,每路输出电流最大可达1.5A;逆变电源输出功率可达250VA。经测试,这两种电源输出精确,稳定性好,是一种理想的实验室或家用电源。     

生产工单派报工系统的设计与实现

ERP系统在制造执行层级管理的颗粒度粗,无法满足公司精益生产的要求.生产工单派报工系统作为ERP系统的外接定制开发系统,实现了制造执行系统的部分功能,加强了对生产执行计划的管控,细化了对生产管理的颗粒度,满足了公司的业务需求.     

Fast implementation of the Niblack binarization algorithm for microscope image segmentation

A fast way to implement the Niblack binarization algorithm is described. It uses not only the integral image for the local mean values calculation, but also the second order integral image for the local variance calculation. Following the proposed approach the time of segmentation has been significantly reduced providing the possibility of its use in practice. The generalization of integral image representation, called ‘k-order integral image’ could be used for fast calculation of higher order local statistics. An example of algorithm for the segmentation of cells and Chlamydial inclusions on microscope images, containing the steps for color deconvolution and fast adaptive local binarization is presented.     

基于web的学生顶岗实习系统的设计与实现

顶岗实习是高职院校遗行人才培养的一个重要形式,一般是在完成教学及大部分基础知识后,到专业对口的公司或企业进行顶岗锻炼,通过完成一定的生产任务,提高自己的操作能力。但是学生进行顶岗实习的过程中,大部分院校都存在着学生放出去没人管、联系不上学生、实习生放任自流等问题,导致顶岗实习达不到预期效果,研究和开发一个运行在网络上的顶岗实习管理系统,已势在必行。针对以上问题,对学生顶岗实习系统的必要性、系统的需求分析、系统设计等方面进行了详细论述,力求为学校顸岗实习管理者提供更加便捷的平台。     

Challenges of Enterprise Resource Planning implementation in Iran large organizations

An Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system is a fully integrated business management system covering functional areas of an enterprise like Logistics, Production, Finance, Accounting and Human Resources. The implementation of this system is a difficult and high cost proposition that places tremendous demands on corporate time and resources. Most of the ERP implementations have been classified as failures because they did not achieve predetermined corporate goals. The main goal of this research is determining the most important challenges of ERP implementation in Iran large organizations and our case study was the Isfahan Telecommunication. The population of this study consists of the 1500 employees of this organization from which 40 experts and employees were selected randomly and uniformly as a sample. We used questionnaire and interviews to collect data and analyzed them by SPSS using one sample t-test. The result of the study shows that the most important challenges of ERP implementation are organizational barriers, especially lack of human resources with the weighted average of 267.33. The next important issues of ERP implementation are technological factors such as unbalanced combination in team projects and then individual factors like lack of senior executives׳ involvement with the weighted average of 48.8 are the least important challenges in ERP implementation.     

Extending technology usage to work settings: The role of perceived work compatibility in ERP implementation

Spanning over three decades and hundreds of studies, researchers have generated models, that examined user perceptions of technological attributes presumed to influence intention to use IT and consequent usage behavior. While these theories have provided reasonable explanations of IT usage across a broad range of technological and task settings, they did not address the role of IT in organizations, though they have been tested in organizational contexts, the models have not been modified to fit the context of organizational work. Current models are good at explaining IT usage in personal-settings, but they have not adequately examined the role of IT in organizations and thus have limited explanatory power in such settings. Furthermore, organizations deploy IT both to maximize its usage and to derive performance benefits from it. However, current IT usage models generally only consider IT usage as the dependent variable, without examining its performance impact. We extended IT usage models to include the role of IT's perceived work compatibility in shaping users’ IT usage intention, usage, and performance in work settings. The model was empirically validated using a field survey of 138 users of ERP systems in 62 firms in China.     

Planning and constructing work schedules that account for unit and product assembly

We consider a planning and scheduling algorithm on the factory level, where together with mechanical processing of components one also performs assembly of various units used to manufacture the final product, and also a system that implements this algorithm in software.     

软件分布式开发中协同工作支持框架的设计与实现

为了有效地支持软件分布式开发,提高软件协同开发环境的易用性和有效性,从协同理论和应用工具两方面入手,在集成了多种协同应用软件的同时,融入了对参与者的形式描述,提高了开发环境的智能性和可定制性,进而提高了协同开发的质量和效率。     

作业现场危害气体智能预警穿戴系统的设计与实现

工矿企业或市政施工现场的作业人员因作业环境中毒害气体超标导致中毒或窒息引起伤亡事件时有发生。为实时监测和预警作业环境中的毒害气体并及时反馈给作业人员和现场负责人,设计开发了一种用于作业现场危害气体的智能预警穿戴系统。首先给出该系统的架构设计,再进行硬件和软件子系统设计,其中硬件部分包括系统主控平台和电化学气体(ECG)传感模块,软件部分包括系统主控平台程序和安卓平台。本系统具有体积小、携带方便、成本低、检测气体种类灵活可变等特点,可以实时监测作业环境中的气体浓度值并及时告警,从而保障作业人员的人身安全。     

A new table for work with a microscope, a solution to ergonomic problems

Microscope workers are exposed to continuous static muscular work and an increased risk of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulder and upper extremities. In a Finnish research centre, microscope workers reported pain in the shoulder, neck, lower back and upper back. As a consequence, a programme to solve the ergonomic problems of microscope work was initiated and led to the construction of a new table for microscopes. Ten experienced male microscope workers were chosen as subjects to carry out an experimental study in which the new table and an old one, an ordinary non-adjustable laboratory table, were compared in a standardized microscope task. The dependent variable was the electromyographic activity measured from muscles in the neck–shoulder region. The new table allowed the microscope to be used with the head in an upright position, the forearms supported and with less flexion of the upper arm. Surface electromyographic measurements also confirmed that the changes were ergonomic improvements.     

中国科学院院工作会议报名系统设计与实现

为解决中国科学院院工作会议在传真收发方式下报名效率低下的问题,通过分析中国科学院院工作会议的会务管理需求和工作流程,设计了基于JSP与Oracle的院工作会议报名系统,实现了面向报名单位、报名信息自动生成的院工作会议报名系统,在提高中国科学院院工作会议的会务管理水平的同时也显著降低了会务管理的工作量.     

Planning and knowledge about strategies: their relationship to work characteristics in software design

This paper describes an empirical study of software design processes in which both cognitive i.e. planning the work process, knowledge about strategies and organizational i.e. work characteristics factors were examined. Thirty-five software designers with an average professional experience of 6.6 years worked on a software design task in a laboratory setting. Thinking-aloud protocols were analysed, and additional interview and questionnaire data were gathered. It was found that software designers do very little explicit planning but have a broad knowledge of useful strategies. Results of regression analyses indicated that the amount of explicit planning and knowledge of strategies is predicted by the amount of design work to accomplish, communication and cooperation requirements, and control at work.     

Planning and knowledge about strategies: Their relationship to work characteristics in software design

This paper describes an empirical study of software design processes in which both cognitive i.e. planning the work process, knowledge about strategies and organizational i.e. work characteristics factors were examined. Thirty-five software designers with an average professional experience of 6.6 years worked on a software design task in a laboratory setting. Thinking-aloud protocols were analysed, and additional interview and questionnaire data were gathered. It was found that software designers do very little explicit planning but have a broad knowledge of useful strategies. Results of regression analyses indicated that the amount of explicit planning and knowledge of strategies is predicted by the amount of design work to accomplish, communication and cooperation requirements, and control at work.     

Measuring the physical demands of work in hospital settings: design and implementation of an ergonomics assessment

BACKGROUND: Assessing the physical demands of the heterogeneous jobs in hospitals requires appropriate and validated assessment methodologies. METHODS: As part of an integrated assessment, we adapted Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), using it in a work sampling mode facilitated by a hand-held personal digital assistant, expanding it with selected items from the UC Computer Use Checklist, and developed a scoring algorithm for ergonomics risk factors for the upper (UB) and lower body (LB). RESULTS: The inter-rater reliability kappa was 0.54 for UB and 0.66 for LB. The scoring algorithm demonstrated significant variation (ANOVA p<0.05) by occupation in anticipated directions (administrators ranked lowest; support staff ranked highest on both scores). A supplemental self-assessment measure of spinal loading correlated with high strain LB scores (r=0.30; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: We developed and validated a scoring algorithm incorporating a revised REBA schema adding computer use items, appropriate for ergonomics assessment across a range of hospital jobs.     

ERP—Enterprise Resource Planning: A cost‐based business case and implementation assessment

This article provides the key factors that are critical to the successful implementation of enterprise resource planning (ERP). It reports the results of a study carried out to assess a number of different ERP implementations in different organizations. A case study method of investigation was used, and the experiences of five manufacturing companies were documented. Also, this study explores and proposes an ERP system selection process and a cost‐based business case approach. The critical factors in the adoption of ERP are identified as learning from the experiences of others, appointing a process innovator, establishing committees and project teams, training and providing technical support for the users, and implementing appropriate changes to the organizational structure and managerial responsibilities. For more effective ERP implementations, we advise building a supportive culture and environment with a strong emphasis on human and organizational aspects. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Hum Factors Man 14: 239–256, 2004.     

Simultaneous engineering for self-directed work teams implementation: A case study in the electronics industry

Simultaneous engineering is based on the interaction between different disciplines and parallel consideration of design with production. This is usually taken as embracing product design and the manufacturing process (for instance in design for manufacturability), or product, manufacturing process and maintenance strategies (in design for maintainability) etc. A simultaneous engineering approach can also be of great value, however, for work organisation change, and vice versa. This paper describes a case study where problems with the product design and manufacturing process meant that these were redesigned in parallel with the implementation of self-directed work teams. In fact, the involvement of the first pilot team in this redesign enabled them to gain much of the confidence, skills and knowledge they required to operate successfully, and early decisions on the form and management of the team structure were supported.

Relevance to industry

Team work is an increasingly common choice of manufacturing and other companies to organise their production and assembly activities. The case study in this paper illustrates lessons in implementation of self-directed work teams. Moreover, it is emphasised that such implementation can be a fundamental part of simultaneous engineering, and also that teams themselves can contribute to concurrent product and process development.