磷酸清洁工艺中溶剂萃取净化法的研究进展

综述了溶剂萃取净化法在湿法磷酸清洁生产中的应用和工艺,详细评述了国外各公司溶剂萃取法的工艺流程及我国在这方面的进展,并指出其发展趋势。     

湿法磷酸的净化方法

磷酸生产的工艺路线主要有两种,一种是“热法”,一种是“湿法”。某些工业(如食品磷酸盐,功能磷酸盐)要求有高质量的磷酸,目前国内主要用热法磷酸,但能耗高,成本高。如能提高湿法磷酸的纯度,就可取代价格高昂的热法磷酸,本文即以此为目的,重点阐述溶剂萃取湿法磷酸的净化方法。一、概述溶剂萃取净化法早在三十年代开始研究,到六十年代才用于工业生产。1969年日本东洋制碱公司采用丁醇作溶剂对硫酸作酸化剂的湿法磷酸进行了净化;七十年代以     

净化湿法磷酸简化脱氟工艺的研究

宜都兴发化工有限公司净化湿法磷酸装置采用化学沉淀、真空浓缩、溶剂萃取和蒸汽汽提脱氟。通过分析各阶段氟含量,发现化学沉淀阶段脱氟效率低。开展简化脱氟流程实验。结果表明,简化流程后,产品磷酸满足食品级磷酸指标,产品生产成本降低约173元/t。     

磷酸生产技术及其发展方向

介绍了磷酸的用途和磷酸生产的工艺路线，着重介绍了湿法磷酸工艺中的盐酸法及溶剂萃取净化磷酸技术的开发状况，并就每一种方法的优缺点作了分析。通过对不同的生产方法进行比较。并结合我国磷矿日益贫化。地区分布不平衡。能源紧缺及环境保护的要求，作者认为溶剂萃取盐酸法工艺是今后磷酸生产的发展方向。     

溶剂萃取法净化湿法磷酸新工艺

对贵州瓮福磷矿所制湿法磷酸进行了溶剂萃取的中间试验,考察中试设备及材质的适应性,对以磷酸三丁酯作萃取剂净化湿法磷酸的工艺流程和相关技术进行了研究,完成了3000t/aP2O5湿法磷酸净化中试试验。     

湿法磷酸净化的研究现状

介绍了湿法磷酸的净化方法,即溶剂沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、结晶法、化学沉淀法、离子交换树脂法及电渗析法,阐述了这5种净化方法的技术原理和工艺流程,分析并归纳了各种方法和工艺的优缺点,指出化学沉淀法和结晶法具有无污染、能耗低、操作简单等优点,是净化湿法磷酸的有效方法,最后对我国湿法磷酸净化研究的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

湿法磷酸净化的研究现状

介绍了湿法磷酸的净化方法,即溶剂沉淀法、溶剂萃取法、结晶法、化学沉淀法、离子交换树脂法及电渗析法,阐述了这5种净化方法的技术原理和工艺流程,分析并归纳了各种方法和工艺的优缺点,指出化学沉淀法和结晶法具有无污染、能耗低、操作简单等优点,是净化湿法磷酸的有效方法,最后对我国湿法磷酸净化研究的发展方向和应用前景进行了展望。     

磷化工技术创新与工程化

介绍我国磷铵、磷化工近期主要的技术进展与工艺创新,重点介绍了料浆法磷铵新工艺和溶剂萃取净化湿法磷酸新工艺,以及从研究、开发到工业化成果、装置建设和推广所取得的成果。     

湿法磷酸萃取净化副产萃余酸利用研究进展

近年来我国湿法磷酸溶剂萃取净化逐步形成规模化生产,其生产过程中副产的萃余酸的合理利用已成为企业急待解决的技术难题。本文综述了湿法磷酸溶剂萃取净化副产萃余酸的利用现状及优缺点,介绍了几种典型萃余酸利用的方法,并就萃余酸合理利用进行了展望。     

湿法磷酸化学沉淀法除镁工艺

湿法磷酸的净化方法有溶剂萃取法、化学沉淀法、电渗析法、结晶法、离子交换法、膜分离法、溶剂沉淀法等方法。本文主要从化学沉淀法分析湿法磷酸除镁的工艺。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。