EP含量对PP/PP-g-MAH/EP微孔发泡复合材料发泡行为及力学性能的影响

采用化学发泡法制备了聚丙烯/聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐/环氧树脂(PP/PP-g-MAH/EP)微孔复合发泡材料,研究了EP粉体含量对其发泡行为及力学性能的影响。结果表明,EP粉体在发泡过程中起异相成核作用,且与PP-g-MAH反应形成的交联网络结构提高了复合材料的熔体强度,从而显著改善了泡孔结构。随着EP含量增加,微孔发泡材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度和冲击强度都呈现先增大后减小的趋势。当EP含量为5%时,复合材料的泡孔尺寸最小,泡孔密度最大,泡孔分布最均匀,微孔发泡材料的冲击强度最大;当EP含量为1%时,拉伸强度、弯曲强度最大,发泡材料的综合力学性能最佳。     

微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌控制的研究进展

使用超临界流体技术制备微孔发泡聚合物,泡孔形貌是影响微孔聚合物性能的关键因素。针对微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌控制,即增加泡孔密度、减小泡孔直径、均化泡孔尺寸分布,从工艺条件、基体性质、共混改性、纳米添加剂、外加力场等影响因素出发,综述了近年来微孔发泡聚合物泡孔形貌控制的研究进展;最后展望了微孔发泡聚合物的前景。     

微孔聚丙烯的分形特征

泡孔结构具有分形特征,可以用分形维数来描述其形态复杂性。文中应用MATLAB编写的数盒子算法,计算了应用超临界二氧化碳作为发泡剂间歇发泡制备的微孔聚丙烯的盒维数,并讨论了二值化阈值对分形维数的影响。结果表明,聚丙烯微孔结构具有典型的分形特征,分形维数与微孔聚丙烯的泡孔密度有关,在一定阈值下,分形维数随着泡孔密度的增加而增加。分形维数是发泡聚丙烯微孔结构的几何特性之一,体现了聚丙烯在特定条件下的发泡能力。     

PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合材料微孔发泡的研究

通过熔融共混法制备聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/蒙脱土(PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT)纳米复合材料母粒。利用"二次开模"法注塑成型制得PP/PP-g-MAH/MMT纳米复合微孔发泡材料。研究了MMT和PP-g-MAH的用量对纳米复合微孔发泡材料发泡质量的影响。结果表明:5%的MMT和6%的PP-g-MAH有较好的协同效应,微孔发泡材料发泡倍率最大,泡孔平均直径最小,泡孔密度较大,泡孔尺寸分布范围较窄。     

滑石粉对微孔发泡木粉/聚丙烯复合材料结晶行为及泡孔结构的影响

以滑石粉为成核剂,超临界CO_2为发泡剂,采用间歇釜式方法制备微孔发泡木粉/聚丙烯复合材料。采用DSC、XRD和SEM对微孔发泡木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的结晶行为与泡孔结构进行了测定与分析。结果表明:滑石粉的添加能够提高微孔发泡木粉/聚丙烯复合材料的结晶温度,诱导产生不完善的α晶型;能够提高聚合物基体的熔体黏度,减小泡孔尺寸,增加泡孔密度,促使泡孔尺寸分布更均匀,最终能够形成泡孔密度为1.0×10~9个/cm~3、平均泡孔半径为16.4μm、发泡倍率为18倍、表观密度约为0.055g/cm~3的微孔发泡木粉/聚丙烯复合材料。     

泡孔结构形貌对环氧树脂发泡材料抗压性能的影响EI北大核心CSCD

采用超临界CO_2发泡制备了不同泡孔结构和形貌的环氧树脂发泡材料,通过万能材料实验机研究了其抗压性能。采用差示扫描量热分析考察了环氧树脂的固化程度;利用扫描电镜结合排水法密度测试,表征了泡孔形貌、泡孔尺寸、发泡密度及泡孔分布;研究了上述因素对发泡材料抗压性能的影响。结果表明,环氧树脂发泡样品的抗压性能随固化度的增大而增强;当样品完全固化时,闭孔环氧树脂发泡材料的抗压性能较开孔结构和破裂结构强,这与作为支撑结构的泡孔壁的形貌相关。对于闭孔结构的发泡材料,其抗压性能受泡孔尺寸的影响显著,泡孔尺寸越小,材料密度越大,其抗压性能越好。具有双峰泡孔分布的发泡材料,其抗压性能得以改善,较小的泡孔为发泡材料提供了更为致密的支撑骨架结构,比具有同样密度的大尺寸泡孔发泡材料的压缩性能更高。     

超临界CO_2下聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物共混物微孔发泡材料的制备

用熔融共混的方法制备了不同含量乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)的聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)的共混物,研究了共混物的相形态和流变性能。用超临界二氧化碳(sc-CO_2)作为物理发泡剂,制备了PP/POE的共混物微孔发泡材料。研究了POE含量、温度和压力对微孔发泡材料泡孔的影响。结果表明,发泡材料平均泡孔尺寸在2~7μm之间,泡孔密度大于109 cm~(-3)。随着POE含量的增加、温度的升高,泡孔直径增大,泡孔密度降低;随着压力的增大,泡孔尺寸先增大后减小,泡孔密度逐渐增大。     

泡孔结构形貌对环氧树脂发泡材料抗压性能的影响

采用超临界CO_2发泡制备了不同泡孔结构和形貌的环氧树脂发泡材料,通过万能材料实验机研究了其抗压性能。采用差示扫描量热分析考察了环氧树脂的固化程度;利用扫描电镜结合排水法密度测试,表征了泡孔形貌、泡孔尺寸、发泡密度及泡孔分布;研究了上述因素对发泡材料抗压性能的影响。结果表明,环氧树脂发泡样品的抗压性能随固化度的增大而增强;当样品完全固化时,闭孔环氧树脂发泡材料的抗压性能较开孔结构和破裂结构强,这与作为支撑结构的泡孔壁的形貌相关。对于闭孔结构的发泡材料,其抗压性能受泡孔尺寸的影响显著,泡孔尺寸越小,材料密度越大,其抗压性能越好。具有双峰泡孔分布的发泡材料,其抗压性能得以改善,较小的泡孔为发泡材料提供了更为致密的支撑骨架结构,比具有同样密度的大尺寸泡孔发泡材料的压缩性能更高。     

模压法制备微孔发泡聚碳酸酯片材

为制备采用微孔挤出法、微孔注射法及常规发泡方法难以制备的薄型微孔发泡聚碳酸酯(PC)片材,首次采用具有制备周期短、工艺简单、操作容易、制备价格低廉等优点的模压法,通过快速降温降压制备了薄型微孔发泡PC片材,并探讨了加工参数对泡孔结构的影响,利用显微镜对泡孔结构进行了表征.实验结果表明:随着发泡时间的增加,泡孔尺寸先增加后恒定不变,泡孔密度先增加后降低;随发泡压力的增加,泡孔尺寸快速减小后变化不大,泡孔密度先快速增加后变化较小;随着发泡温度的增加,泡孔尺寸快速增加,泡孔密度快速降低;随活化比的增加,泡孔尺寸先减小后增加,泡孔密度则先增加后降低.通过控制发泡时间、发泡压力、发泡温度、活化比等加工参数可以控制微孔发泡PC的泡孔结构.     

聚丙烯/纳米二氧化钛复合材料的超临界流体微孔发泡

以聚丙烯(PP)/nano-TiO2复合材料为研究对象,采用快速降压超临界微孔发泡技术,制备了泡孔密度、泡孔直径分别为2.8×107cell/cm3~3.15×109cell/cm3,46.36μm~6.08μm的PP/nano-TiO2微孔复合材料。研究了复合材料中nano-TiO2的质量分数、饱和压力及发泡温度对PP/nano-TiO2复合材料发泡行为的影响,通过扫描电镜(SEM)对微孔形貌进行表征。结果表明,加入nano-TiO2可以改善PP的发泡性能,并得到泡孔分布均匀的闭孔发泡材料;随复合材料中nano-TiO2质量分数由1%提高到5%,泡孔密度增加,泡孔直径减小。对于nano-TiO2质量分数为3%的PP/nano-TiO2复合材料,随着饱和压力的增加,泡孔直径和泡孔密度都增加;随着发泡温度的升高,泡孔密度减小,泡孔直径变大。     

Effect of nano-Calcium Carbonate on microcellular foaming of polypropylene

Using supercritical carbon dioxide as the physical foaming agent, a new batch process was carried out to prepare microcellular polypropylene (PP) and polypropylene/nano-Calcium Carbonate (PP/nano-CaCO₃) foams. Four concentrations of nano-CaCO₃, 3, 5, 7, and 10 wt% were used. The cell structure of foams and advantages of this new process were investigated and explained by thermal properties. Results showed that the foamed PP/5 wt% nano-CaCO₃ produced a microcellular foam with the minimum mean cell diameter (9.55 μm) and maximum cell density (1.50 × 10⁹ cells/cm³) among the four blends. Some unfoamed regions were observed in nanocomposite foams because nano-CaCO₃ could accelerate crystallization in cooling and cryostat stage. The new process took much less time (2.5 h) to foam and had much broader foaming temperature range (about 55 °C). But the foaming temperature range decreased after blending nano-CaCO₃ into PP matrix because nano-CaCO₃-induced isothermal and non-isothermal crystallization at higher temperature. In addition, the cell growth effect on variations of volume expansion ratio in PP/nano-CaCO₃ nanocomposites could be neglected comparing with the heterogeneous cell nucleation effect.     

纳米蒙脱土对木粉/聚丙烯复合材料发泡性能的影响

采用高压釜间歇式发泡法,结合超临界CO₂微孔发泡技术制备了发泡木粉-纳米蒙脱土(NMMT)/聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。通过对复合材料的结晶行为、流变性能、泡孔形貌及压缩性能进行分析,主要研究了NMMT对其微孔结构及力学性能的改善作用。结果表明:NMMT的引入使木粉/PP复合材料中PP基体的结晶速率加快,结晶度减小,有利于发泡均相体系的形成和泡孔生长;PP分子链的运动受到NMMT片层的抑制作用,导致木粉/PP复合材料的熔体弹性提高,泡孔合并与塌陷的现象减少,发泡材料的平均泡孔直径从30.4 μm降低至20.3 μm,并且泡孔尺寸的均匀性得到明显改善,压缩强度和模量分别提高了187%和223%。      

微发泡聚丙烯/晶须复合材料的发泡行为与力学性能

将改性的MgSO4和CaCO3晶须加入聚丙烯中,在二次开模条件下制备微发泡聚丙烯(PP)/晶须复合材料,通过晶须在基体中的分散性、泡孔直径大小分布和泡孔密度,分析了不同晶须对材料的发泡行为与力学性能的影响.结果表明,晶须具有一定成核效应,CaCO3晶须的泡孔尺寸25.27μm左右,填充增强效果差;MgSO4晶须的泡孔尺...     

超细NaHC03的制备及在聚丙烯微孔发泡材料中的应用

选用价廉无毒的碳酸氢钠(NaHCO3)作为发泡剂,利用反溶剂重结晶法进行细化,成功地制备出超细NaHCO3粒子.最佳制备条件为:使用10％质量分数的NaHCO3,蒸馏水与无水乙醇体积比1∶14,搅拌速度1100 r/min,制备温度-5℃,入料速度1 mL/min.纳米粒度分析仪测试表明NaHCO3平均尺寸为143.2 nm,尺寸分布非常窄.将超细NaHCO3添加到聚丙烯(PP)中进行微孔发泡,使用扫描电镜观察并使用Nano Measurer分析泡孔尺寸,表明当NaHCO3用量为4.5 phr时,其泡孔平均尺寸低至0.47 μm,泡孔尺寸标准方差仅为0.16 μm,低于任何文献报道值.力学性能较优,其中拉伸强度下降了9.6％,而冲击强度提高了47.8％,弯曲强度提高了20.2％.这种使用普通注塑机获得高质量低成本的微孔发泡材料,对微孔材料的制备和应用有一定的意义.     

THE NUCLEATION OF MICROCELLULAR THERMOPLASTIC FOAM: PROCESS MODEL AND EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Microcellular polymer foams exhibit greatly improved mechanical properties compared to standard foams due to the formers' small bubble size. Typical microcellular foams have bubbles with diameters on the order of 10 microns and volume reductions of 30 to 40%. The presence of these bubbles acts to increase the impact strength of a microfoamed structure to six or seven times that of solid parts of the same linear dimensions due to crack blunting and increased craze initiation in the cell walls.

The first step in designing techniques to manufacture parts of microcellular foam is a complete understanding of the bubble nucleation process. To this end, a theoretical model for the nucleation of microcellular foams in thermoplastic polymers has been developed and experimentally confirmed. This model explains the effect of various additives and processing conditions on the number of bubble nucleated. At levels of secondary constituents below their solubility limits, an increase in the concentration of the additive or the concentration of gas in solution with the polymer increases the number of bubbles nucleated. Nucleation in this region is homogeneous. Above the solubility limit of additives, nucleation is heterogeneous and takes place at the interface between second phase inclusions and the polymer. The number of bubbles nucleated is dependent on the concentration of heterogeneous nucleation sites and their relative effect on the activation energy barrier to nucleation.     

橡胶粒子对微发泡聚丙烯复合材料发泡行为与力学性能的影响

利用型腔体积可控注塑发泡装置制备微发泡聚丙烯(PP)/粉末橡胶复合材料,通过橡胶粒子的分散性以及复合材料的结晶行为,研究不同橡胶粒子对聚丙烯复合材料发泡行为和力学性能的影响。结果表明:橡胶粒子的加入使微发泡聚丙烯材料的泡孔分布细密而均匀,微发泡聚丙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯/粉末丁腈胶(PP/PP-MAH/NBR)复合材料的发泡质量较理想,其泡孔密度和尺寸分别为7.64×106个/cm3,29.78μm;综合泡孔结构和力学性能,微发泡聚丙烯/聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐/粉末羧端基丁腈胶(PP/PP-MAH/CNBR)复合材料的力学性能最优,与纯PP比较其冲击强度提升了2.2倍,拉伸强度仅仅降低了26%,是理想的微发泡复合材料。     

Microcellular foams of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) based on waste ground rubber tire powder

With the increased adoption of thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) in automotive weather seal systems, the foams of TPVs present an important milestone in providing key applications such as trunk and door seals. In this study, microcellular foams of TPV based on waste ground rubber tire powder (WGRT) were investigated. In order to investigate the relationship between processing conditions and structure of TPV foams, we first prepared the thermoplastic vulcanizates of PP-g-MA/WGRT, then the samples were saturated with carbon dioxide and the saturated specimens were expanded during the pressure-quench process. The results indicated that the microcellular structure was dependent on the processing conditions. Cell size increased with saturation temperature, whereas cell density and relative density decreased. Different nucleation processes were produced with saturation pressure.