Optimum beamforming for pre-FFT OFDM adaptive antenna array

It is well known that orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is robust to frequency-selective fading in wireless channels due to the exploitation of a guard interval that is inserted at the beginning of each OFDM symbol. However, once delayed signals beyond the guard interval are introduced in a channel with a large delay spread, intersymbol interference causes a severe degradation in the transmission performance. In this paper, we propose a novel pre-fast Fourier transform (FFT) OFDM adaptive antenna array, which requires only one FFT processor at a receiver, for suppressing such delayed signals. We derive the optimum weight set for beamformers based on the maximum signal-to-noise-and-interference power ratio (Max-SNIR) and the minimum mean square error (mmse) criteria, respectively. In addition, we propose a novel mmse-criterion-based commutative optimization scheme, which is more robust to the estimation error of the channel state information. Furthermore, we show the equivalence between the Max-SNIR-criterion-based scheme and the proposed commutative optimization scheme. Computer simulation results show its good performance even in channels where directions of arrival of arriving waves are randomly determined.     

Simple -steering OFDM adaptive array antenna for Doppler-shifted signal suppression

A new -steering method to suppress Doppler-shifted signals is proposed for orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing adaptive array antenna. The proposed array antenna has a simple structure and can steer s for interfering signals even with small Doppler shifts by forcing virtual subcarrier outputs to be zero. A multistep recursive least-square algorithm is proposed to control the array weights and the bit-error rate and antenna pattern are evaluated by computer simulation.     

单天线OFDM系统的信道估计算法研究

介绍MIMO-OFDM系统中几种基于导频的信道估计方法。首先研究了单天线OFDM系统的信道估计算法。一方面重点关注三种估计准则的原理,仿真表明LMMSE准则具有最佳的性能;另一方面介绍了几种插值的方法用来恢复非导频处的信道信息。     

基于波束空间的自适应阵列处理算法研究

针对波束空间预处理算法进行了深入的研究,给出了波束空间算法的原理和要求及其优势,并对其中的DFT波束法进行了研究,给出了基于DFT波束法的空域LMS算法。最后通过计算机仿真实验,从方向图、收敛方差和速度三个方面比较了阵元空间算法和波束空间算法以及同一波束空间算法的不同波束之间的性能,并得出了一些计算机仿真结果和结论。     

Microstrip adaptive array antenna

A planar adaptive array of three microstrip patch antennas consisting of a central active microstrip antenna and two symmetrical lateral passive antennas is used to steer the beam. An electronic beam scanning of ±20° can be achieved with the control of reactive loads located into the lateral patches     

OFDM系统自适应盲信道估计新方法

基于无线通信OFDM系统信道估计,提出了两种时域自适应盲估计方法。这些方法通过对极性(符号)LMS算法（SLMS）进行改进,改进算法有几方面优点,一是继承了极性LMS算法简单易实现的特性;二是解决了极性LMS收敛速度慢的缺点;最后结合自适应可变步长及步长调整策略,有效地提高了算法的估计性能。仿真给出了误差曲线以及归一化均方误差曲线,结果表明,和基于极性LMS盲估计方法相比,修正极性LMS和时变步长修正极性LMS盲估计方法均具有很快的收敛速度。由于采用了变步长技术,时变步长修正极性LMS盲估计方法具有更好的估计性能。      

Tamed adaptive antenna array

The adaptive array under directionaily constrained minimization of power (DCMP) algorithm is improved by adding a "pseudonoise." It is effective to protect the desired signal from cancellation or distortion in such cases as 1) where a coherent interference is incident, or 2) where the desired signal direction for the constraint contains some pointing error, or 3) when the desired signal is broad band, The optimum amount of pseudonoise to be added is also discussed and its formula is given. This system is named "tamed adaptive antenna" since its killing capability is somewhat moderated so as not to hurt the desired signal.     

多天线OFDM系统信道估计算法的改进

提出一种针对多天线OFDM系统中基于LS准则的信道估计的改进方法。该方法使用梳状训练序列估计出一半的信道频率响应,然后利用抛物线插值对剩余一半进行估计。分析和仿真表明该信道估计算法可以抵抗信道的严重频率选择性衰落。     

OFDM系统信道估计和自适应分配算法的研究

在多径衰落的信道中,用固定调制方式的分配技术可能会造成OFDM系统资源浪费,考虑如何将自适应分配技术与OFDM相结合成为提高移动通信性能的关键技术。本文中提出一种基于动态信噪比SNR切换门限的自适应算法,该算法在保证通信质量所需BER的前提下,结合OFDM和PSK/QAM调制方式的优势,按照各个子信道的状态分配比特信息量和功率大小,使所需要的发射功率达到最优化。本算法能提高OFDM的频谱利用率,也能使系统获得更优的性能。     

一种基于无偏协方差估计RLS的自适应阵列天线抗干扰算法

RLS是自适应阵列天线抗干扰的主要算法之一。为提高RLS算法对遗忘因子选择健壮性,避免因遗忘因子选择不当所造成的算法不收敛问题,本文针对自适应阵列天线的多路接收信号,基于其无偏协方差矩阵模型,推导设计出了一种新的RLS算法,相比于常规RLS,在该算法中遗忘因子可以更加精确地控制RLS迭代过程项,降低因遗忘因子设置不当而造成的算法不收敛风险。通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

一种基于虚拟子载波和导频子载波的多天线OFDM系统波束成形算法

在无线通信系统中,正交频分复用(OFDM)和多天线技术结合可以获得频率分集和空间分集,波束成形是其中的关键技术之一.针对多天线系统的波束成形这一主题,一些学者已经提出了很多波束成形算法,用以提高系统的接收性能.本文提出了一种新的波束成形算法,该算法有效地利用了OFDM系统中的虚拟子载波资源.新算法在加性高斯白噪声单径和多径信道中的仿真结果均表明该算法使系统性能得到了显著提高.     

OFDM channel estimation with dispersive fading channels

In this paper, we studied the channel estimation problem for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system when the statistics of the multi-path fading channel is not known or partial known. A channel estimation approach based on polynomial approximation of the channel response is proposed. The pilot symbols are periodically inserted the channel responses for entire OFDM data sequence for exploiting channel correlation in both time and frequency domain, which is obtained from a time-variant frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel model. Simulation shows that the method is robust to different channel statistics. Moreover, a window dimension adaptation algorithm is proposed to adapt the channel estimator to the channel statistics which further improves the robustness of the system.     

On the use of EMD based adaptive filtering for OFDM channel estimation

Hilbert Huang transform (HHT) based data driven empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in conjunction with adaptive filter (AF) is proposed for estimation of communication channel in OFDM system. EMD can be viewed as alike of wavelet decomposition which decomposes the signal of interest to intrinsic mode functions (IMF), whose basis function is derived from signal itself. In this method, the length of channel impulse response (CIR), is approximated using Akaike information criterion (AIC). Then the estimation of CIR is performed using adaptive filter with EMD decomposed IMF of the received OFDM symbol. Conventional AF uses random initial weight vector. The novelty of the proposed method lies in the fact that it uses decimated version of one of the decomposed IMFs of received OFDM symbol as initial weight vector. The selection of useful IMF component is done based on correlation and kurtosis measures. This makes the proposed EMD based AF method converge to minimum mean square error (MMSE) in less number of iterations resulting in almost 50% saving of computations. Bit error rate (BER), mean square error (MSE) and normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) are computed. The simulation studies established the efficacy of proposed method; and comparative studies under different modulation schemes and fading conditions revealed improved performance. Simulations have shown an average improvement of 3 dB in BER performance for proposed EMD based AF as compared to conventional AF.     

基于导频的室内可见光自适应OFDM通信系统信道估计

使用自适应OFDM技术改善可见光通信系统性能,需要以准确的信道估计为前提。研究可见光自适应OFDM通信系统的基于导频的信道估计方法,引入射频通信中常用的LMS方法,与可见光信道基于LS的估计方法进行了比较,并对其特性进行了分析,仿真实验结果表明,采用LMS估计方法在BER为10-3水平时,SNR优于LS估计方法2 dB,LMS信道估计方法信道跟踪能力较强,比LS法抗干扰。     

A lens antenna array with adaptive optical processing

This paper presents an X band smart antenna array in which adaptive processing of the received signals is performed by dynamic holographic optical circuitry. The optical circuitry adaptively extracts the principal component of the received signal space, that is the strongest first-order independent temporal component of the ensemble of received signals. The adaptive receiver system can be used, for example, to mitigate multipath interference effects and can separate one received signal from another even though their power spectra may entirely overlap. A prototype two-channel system is designed to fit in a standard-size briefcase and consume less than 50 W of power. The input to the system are modulated waves with a carrier in X band and the output is an electronic demodulated signal. Three major components of this system are described in detail: (1) the quasi-optical lens antenna array front end with angle-of-arrival preprocessing and downconversion, (2) the two-channel electrooptic modulation and optical carrier suppression stage, and (3) the smart optical processor (auto-tuning filter). Component and end-to-end system measurements give quantitative indicators for the usefulness of optical processing in wireless communications     

天线阵CDMA系统中基于神经网络的盲空时信道估计

提出了天线阵ＣＤＭＡ系统中盲空时信道估计的约束优化神经网络模型,对其全局收敛性进行了分析,并对其性能进行了数值模拟。     

Planar antenna array control with genetic algorithms and adaptive array theory

Planar arrays are successfully employed in radar and communication systems in order to allow three-dimensional-scanning. In the framework of real-time control of antenna arrays, starting from the Applebaum theory, this paper presents an approach based on a customized genetic algorithm aimed at adaptively eliminating interfering signals. Successful applications are presented in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in term of performances and computational complexity.     

A DBF self-beam steering array antenna for mobile satelliteapplications using beam-space maximal-ratio combination

This paper proposes a diversity-receiving array antenna scheme achieved by digital beamforming (DBF) for the purpose of self-beam steering toward the unknown direction-of-arrival (DOA) of a modulated signal in a mobile satellite communications environment. This scheme uses a multibeam former with a spatial fast Fourier transform (FFT) for the received baseband signals to coarsely acquire the attenuated signal. It also uses a self-phasing processor (SPP) applied to the multibeam outputs for precise acquisition and tracking. In the SPP, maximal-ratio combining is achieved with simple digital numerical operations in the complex baseband, allowing for rapidity and stability in beamforming. As a result, the array antenna steers its receiving beam toward the DOA automatically without the need for nonlinear optimization methods. Moreover, the beam is steered toward the DOA of multipath signals according to their signal levels, leading to the optimal cophase recombination of all correlated signals, which improves the quality of the total receiving signal. This paper discusses the scheme, and its performance is evaluated by computational simulation and experiments conducted in a radio anechoic chamber     

Parametric channel modeling based OFDM channel estimation

A simplified parametric channel estimation approach was proposed for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems. Based on parametric channel model, this algorithm is composed of two parts： the estimation of channel parameters and channel interpolation. The exponentially embedded family （EEF） criterion is exploited to determine the number of channel paths as well as the multipath time delays. Consequently, the channel frequency responses is acquired via the estimated parameters. Additionally, the authors＇ scheme is computationally efficient owing to the needless of the eigenvalue decomposition or the estimation of signal parameters by the rotational invariance technique （ESPRIT）. Simulations are provided to validate the performance of this algorithm from perspectives of the probability of correct estimation and the mean square error （MSE）. It is demonstrated that this approach exhibits a superior performance over the existing algorithms.     

Effects of channel estimation error on array processing based QO-STBC coded OFDM systems

This letter addresses the issues on performance degradation caused by channel estimation error of quasiorthogonal space-time block (QO-STBC) coded OFDM systems employing array processing decoder. The least square (LS) channel estimator is employed to obtain the required channel state information (CSI). Taking mean square error (MSE) as a performance metric, we evaluate the performance of the LS estimator in MIMO-OFDM systems over frequency selective channels, and its impact on symbol error rate (SER) using both analysis and simulations.