KCl-NaOH混合碱熔分解锆英砂工艺研究

采用KCl作为添加剂,研究了KCl-NaOH混合碱熔分解锆英砂过程中KCl与锆英砂摩尔比、反应温度、反应时间对锆英砂分解率的影响。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差热-热重分析仪(DTA-TG)对分解产物的物相组成和反应过程中的热现象进行分析。结果表明:随着KCl与锆英砂摩尔比的增加,锆英砂的分解率先升高后下降,当KCl与锆英砂摩尔比为0.15时,锆英砂的分解率达到最大值,为98.26%。锆英砂的分解率随反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长而增大,当反应温度超过700℃,反应时间超过30min后,锆英砂的分解率不再有明显变化。KCl-NaOH混合碱熔分解锆英砂的最佳工艺条件为:KCl与锆英砂摩尔比为0.15,反应温度为700℃,反应时间为30min。锆英砂碱熔分解后的主要产物为Na2ZrO3,Na_4SiO_4和K2SiO3。KCl-NaOH混合碱熔分解锆英砂体系在温度升高至660℃以后发生放热反应,且反应过程中有水蒸气生成,水蒸气不断逸出体系导致体系出现明显的失重现象。     

氧化钙和氢氧化钠混合分解锆英砂的工艺及机理

以氧化钙替代部分氢氧化钠进行混合碱分解锆英砂实验，研究了反应温度、原料配比和反应时间对锆英砂分解率的影响，探讨了氧化钙与氢氧化钠混合分解锆英砂的机理。结果表明：随着反应温度的升高和反应时间的延长，锆英砂分解率逐渐增加；在反应温度800℃和反应时间1h的条件下，氧化钙与锆英砂物质的量比在0．25～0．75时，锆英砂分解率高于97％，物质的量比超过0．75时，分解率逐渐降低。进一步的机理分析表明：氧化钙与Na4SiO4反应生成Na2CaSiO4和Na2O，Na2O扩散到锆英砂表面继续进行分解反应。     

浓碱法分解包头混合稀土矿的静态工艺条件研究

对浓碱法直接分解包头混合稀土矿工艺进行了研究,通过正交试验,探讨了静态分解条件下矿碱比、焙烧温度和焙烧时间对稀土分廨率的影响.结果表明,矿碱比对焙烧反应影响最大,其次为焙烧温度和焙烧时间,试验得到了最佳工艺条件:矿碱比为1:1.焙烧温度为400℃,焙烧时间为90min.     

氧化铪废料碱分解工艺研究

以氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂为分解剂对氧化铪靶材废料进行了碱分解的对比实验。结果表明:反应温度在500~800℃范围内,分解剂与氧化铪摩尔比3∶1,反应时间2 h,氧化铪粒度38~45μm时,选择KOH为碱分解剂,氧化铪的分解率明显高于选用其他两种分解剂的分解率,因此选择氢氧化钾为分解剂进行氧化铪靶材废料的碱分解实验。实验研究了反应温度、配比、原料粒度和反应时间等因素对氧化铪分解率的影响。结果表明:提高反应温度、物料配比、反应时间和减小原料粒径均能提高氧化铪的分解率,在温度为800℃,氢氧化钾与氧化铪的摩尔比2.7∶1.0,原料粒度45~53μm,反应时间2 h的实验条件下,氧化铪的分解率可达到96%以上。研究配比对产物影响表明:当KOH/HfO_2摩尔比为3∶1,高于理论值(2∶1)时,发生反应:HfO_2+2KOH=K_2HfO_3;KOH/HfO_2摩尔比为1∶1时,在反应的初始阶段,氢氧化钾与氧化铪反应生成K_2HfO_3,K_2HfO_3包裹在颗粒表面与氧化铪继续发生反应:K_2HfO_3+HfO_2=K_2Hf_2O_5,生成K_2Hf_2O_5。     

KCl对锆英砂分解机制函数及动力学参数的影响

采用KCl作为添加剂,根据差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得的DSC曲线,对非等温动力学微分方程采用Achar-Brindley-Sharp-Wendworth法拟合实验数据,逻辑选择确定KCl-Na OH混合碱熔分解锆英砂的最可几微分机制函数及动力学参数,并对碱熔分解过程进行动力学分析。研究结果表明:KCl-Na OH混合碱熔分解锆英砂在分解深度为0.01~0.09范围内时,最可几微分机制函数为f(a)=(1-a)2,表观活化能和指前因子分别为199.7 k J·mol-1和1×1010.39s-1。当分解深度为0.29~0.60时,最可几微分机制函数转变为f(a)=3/2[(1-a)-1/3-1]-1,表观活化能和指前因子转变为139.25 k J·mol-1和1×108.52s-1。KCl的加入改变了碱熔分解反应的表观活化能和指前因子,使得碱熔分解反应表观活化能降低,碱熔体系的反应速率增大。KCl-Na OH混合碱熔分解锆英砂反应在609~665℃时,为化学反应控速。随着碱熔分解反应的继续进行,当反应温度为730~811℃时,锆英砂表面不断被产物层包裹,反应机制转变为三维扩散,球形对称,扩散控制过程。     

Ca（OH）2的加入量对锆英砂碱熔分解过程的影响

在锆英砂与氢氧化钠质量比为1.0∶1.2时,分别选取锆英砂含量0.2%,0.4%,0.6%,0.8%和1.0%的Ca(OH)2作为添加剂,研究Ca(OH)2加入量对锆英砂碱熔分解过程的影响。采用X射线衍射仪和差热-热重分析仪对反应物料的组成和反应体系热量变化进行分析。结果表明:在Ca(OH)2加入量为1.0%时,锆英砂的分解率达到最大值,为96.4%,碱熔过程中在590℃以后发生剧烈的放热反应,锆英砂碱熔分解后的主要产物为Na2ZrO3和Na2SiO3。烧碱和添加剂复合分解锆英砂的适宜工艺条件为:烧结温度为750℃,烧结时间为30 min。     

碱熔-离子选择电极法测定固体废物中氟

为实现固体废物中氟含量的准确测定,采用氢氧化钠熔融样品,建立了离子选择电极法测定固体废物中氟的分析方法.对碱熔温度、碱熔时间、碱熔剂组成、碱熔剂用量4因素进行了L9(34)正交试验,结果表明,这4个因素对碱熔过程的影响程度由大到小依次为碱熔温度、碱熔时间、碱熔剂用量、碱熔剂组成.通过对正交试验的结果进行直观分析和计算分...     

富锗闪锌矿的氧压酸浸研究

对云南某地产的富锗闪锌矿进行了氧压酸浸的小型试验研究, 通过试验研究了浸出温度、浸出时间、氧分压、精矿粒度、酸锌摩尔比和搅拌速度对锗浸出率的影响.正交试验结果表明, 浸出温度和氧分压是影响锗浸出率的主要因素; 单因素条件试验表明, 在浸出时间, 120 min; 氧分压, 1.2 MPa; 浸出温度, 150 ℃; 酸锌摩尔比, 1.5; 搅拌速度, 700 r·min-1; 精矿粒度, 0.045 mm的条件下, 锌和锗的浸出率能达到99%和90%以上.     

CaCl2和NaOH复合分解锆英砂工艺研究

采用CaCl2做添加剂,研究了CaCl2加入量对锆英砂碱熔分解工艺锆转化率的影响。将锆英砂和固体氢氧化钠按质量比1：1．2混合均匀,分别加入0．2％、0．4％、0．6％、0．8％、1％的氯化钙（以锆英砂的百分比计）,然后置于坩埚中,在马弗炉中按设定的温度和时间进行高温烧结。对CaCl2和NaOH复合分解锆英砂产物的物相组成和反应过程中的热变化进行了分析。研究结果表明,当CaCl2加入量为0．8％时,烧结料中可溶性锆含量达到最大值31．04％。锆英砂经CaCl2和NaOH高温烧结后,烧结料中不溶物的物相组成主要为Na2ZrO3。     

钨酸钠浓料铝盐除氟工艺探讨

以黑白钨混合矿碱分解工艺中的钨酸钠浓料液为研究对象,研究了时间、温度、pH、加料量以及三氧化钨浓度对硫酸铝除氟效果的影响.结果 表明,在最佳工艺条件下,调节pH为12.7,温度为25℃,加料量摩尔分数x(Al)∶x(F)为2.1,反应时间为10 min,三氧化钨浓度为215 g/L,此时溶液中氟浓度可降至100 mg/...     

转炉炉壳热应力分析

根据实际转炉建立实体模型。以有限元为手段,考虑了炉衬和炉壳材料的物性参数随温度变化的特点和炉衬与炉壳之间膨胀间隙,计算了转炉炉壳在温度载荷和炉衬膨胀压力同时作用下的热应力。所得结果可为转炉炉壳设计提供依据。     

焦炭热性能指标意义浅析

通过对焦炭在高炉内的历程及其变化规律的剖析,阐述焦炭热性能指标的意义,形象地把焦炭在高炉内的损耗分为三部分(M1,M2,M3)。指出M2对焦比及焦炭价格有一定的指导作用。     

Results of treatment of cancer of the cardia

Cancer of the cardia is traditionally discussed with cardiac cancer of the lower portion of the esophagus and upper gastric cancer invading the esophagus, and the specific characteristics of cancer of the cardia have never been clearly defined. We reviewed the outcome of 172 patients with adenocarcinoma of the cardia who had undergone radical surgery between 1949 and 1994 in the Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery of the Cancer Institute Hospital. The centers of the tumors were located within 2 cm above and below the boundary between the esophagus and the stomach, and their longitudinal diameter was less than 8 cm. We divided the patients into an early period (1949-1979; n = 79) and a late period (1980-1994; n = 93), and focused on the historical transition. There were no differences in patient gender or histology between the two periods. However, the late period was associated with fewer cases of esophageal invasion and shorter longitudinal diameter, as the age of the population advanced. The number of advanced cancers such as the localized and infiltrative type had decreased, and early cancer and early clinical stage had become more common, but despite the fact that the number of early cancers had increased, extended dissection, such as thoracic and paraaortic lymph node dissection, was performed more frequently. By clinical stage, the long-term outcome markedly improved in Stage I patient in the late period, and tended to improve in Stage II and III patients. This appears to have been attributable to the prevention of micrometastasis by extended dissection, although the number of early cancers is another major potential cause. There were no differences in the outcome of Stage IV patients between the two periods, and further advances in multimodality therapy must be awaited. The range of resection is basically proximal gastrectomy, and if there are adequate indications, the prognosis is favorable. In view of the status of lymphatic flow and lymph node metastasis, and long-term results, lateroaortic lymph node dissection is important. Since the number of early cancer patients has been increasing, if intraabdominal recurrence is prevented, intrathoracic lymph node dissection will contribute greatly to the outcome of such patients.     

The effect of amount of possession of the trait of hostility on accuracy of perception of hostility in others.

Some theories of personality hold that an individual's perception of others is influenced by his own personality characteristics; more specifically, that a trait of low social value will be projected more into others, and that insight into the possession of these characteristics reduces this distortion. These 2 hypotheses were tested by having a group of college students rate each other (including themselves) on degree of friendliness or hostility. Agreement with group rating about self yielded the insight score. In general, the hypotheses were supported; the "friendly" Ss were most accurate in their perception of others, and insight was positively associated with accurate perception. From Psyc Abstracts 36:04:4HL16M. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Comparison of rates of infection of two methods of emergency ventricular drainage

The rates of infection of two methods of external ventricular drainage in use at Atkinson Morley's Hospital--namely, (a) percutaneous drainage with Rickham reservoirs and (b) tunnelled ventriculostomies--were compared in this retrospective review. Percutaneous drainage of CSF with Rickham reservoirs was associated with a 27% rate of infection as identified by positive microbiological cultures; tunnelled ventriculostomy catheters had a 10% infection rate. The difference in the infection rate between the two methods was statistically significant (P < 0.015). Other variables examined, including the age and sex of the patients and the reasons for ventricular drainage, were not associated with an increased rate of infection. Most infections from either method were caused by a coagulase negative staphylococcus. The average duration of ventricular drainage before identification of positive cultures was 5.7 days for Rickham reservoirs and 6.0 days for ventriculostomies.     

浅析《野草》的版画特征

鲁迅先生一生热爱美术作品,对版画中木刻兴趣尤甚.<野草>作为其"写心之作",亦呈现出一些与木刻版画一致的审美特征:一是具有木刻版画的色彩特征,多对比、多冷色,有阴郁的美感;二是具有木刻版画的力度特征,环境描写、人物刻画处处刀锋毕现,遒劲有力,有一种"力之美".     

四辊破碎机车刀架的改造

针对四辊破碎机车刀架车削中存在的几个问题,详细介绍了电动车刀架的结构和工作原理,建立主要设计参数的数学表达式,并进行适当的分析。改造后,这种电动车刀架运行平稳、可靠、方便、省力,取得了预期的效果。     

Effect of antibiotics of chemotaxis of human leukocytes

The effect of 20 different antibiotics on chemotaxis by human neutrophils was studied. Human leukocytes incubated with chloramphenicol, rifampin, sodium fusidate, and tetracyclines in vitro showed markedly depressed migration. The mechanisms by which these antibiotics affect leukotaxis are discussed.