益生菌乳制品的腐败原因浅析

益生菌乳制品是以高营养的乳类为载体，产品兼有营养和保健的双重功能，所以被越来越多的消费者接受。在实际生产中，由益生菌乳制品的腐败给消费者带来巨大的安全隐患。本文主要从微生物角度分析了益生菌乳制品腐败原因，以期对益生菌的安全性以及益生菌乳制品的顺利发展起到指导作用。     

益生菌制剂及其发酵性乳制品

综述了益生菌的概念和益生菌菌株的选择标准、国外益生菌产品的发展状况、益生菌作为新型酸奶发酵剂的使用情况，以及益生酸奶的生产与消费情况。     

乳源乳酸菌在发酵乳制品中的应用

为了满足市场需求,全球乳品加工企业都在努力提高产品的多样化程度,并且希望从原料乳或以生鲜乳发酵的乳制品中找到一些潜在的发酵剂来开发新产品.针对这一情况,对乳酸菌在不同发酵乳制品中的主要作用进行了分类综述,并介绍了乳源乳酸菌在发酵乳制品的应用研究现状.     

粉状乳制品与代乳制品

<正>目前,我国乳制品总产量七万吨左右,其中液态乳制品占20%。其余,奶粉占54%,麦乳精占20%,其它4%的乳制品中主要是奶油、干酪素、乳糖。从上述统计可以看出,我国乳制品的构成,粉状占大多数,这里尚不包括许多     

益生菌酸奶的工艺研究

以保加利亚乳杆菌(Lb)、嗜热链球菌(St)、干酪乳杆菌(Lc)、罗依氏乳杆菌(Lr)混合菌发酵,得到益生菌酸奶.正交结果表明,干酪乳杆菌、罗依氏乳杆菌可以应用于酸奶发酵,发酵工艺为:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌:干酪乳杆菌:罗依氏乳杆菌为3:3:2:2,发酵温度39℃,接种量0.25%(DVS),加糖量8%,凝乳时间5h.     

益生菌酸奶的工艺研究

以保加利亚乳杆菌(Lb)、嗜热链球菌(St)、干酪乳杆菌(Lc)、罗依氏乳杆菌(Lr)混合菌发酵,得到益生菌酸奶。正交结果表明,干酪乳杆菌、罗依氏乳杆菌可以应用于酸奶发酵,发酵工艺为:保加利亚乳杆菌∶嗜热链球菌∶干酪乳杆菌∶罗依氏乳杆菌为3∶3∶2∶2,发酵温度39℃,接种量0.25%(DVS),加糖量8%,凝乳时间5h。      

超高压技术在乳制品加工中应用的研究进展北大核心CSCD

综述了超高压技术在各类乳制品应用的研究进展,包括液奶、发酵乳、干酪和奶油类制品等。关于超高压在乳制品中的应用还仅是在研究阶段,市场上尚未有超高压处理乳制品销售,这些研究为促进超高压技术在乳制品加工中的产业化提供依据。     

益生菌发酵剂发酵特性研究

选择干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillu casei,Lc),嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acdophilus,La),保加利亚乳杆菌(Lactobacillus bulgaricus,Lb)三种益生菌作为发酵肉发酵剂,对其发酵特性进行研究。结果表明:三种菌均有较强的耐亚硝酸盐、食盐能力,能够耐受150 mg/kg亚硝酸盐和6%食盐。所选菌种无蛋白和脂肪分解能力,能够有效降低pH,抑制致病菌的生长,适合发酵肉制品的生产。     

益生菌制剂及其发酵性乳制品

益生菌具有特殊的营养和生理功能作用,由于酸奶是益生菌的良好载体,因此益生酸奶的出现成为市场的新宠.本文综述了益生菌的概念和益生菌菌株的选择标准,益生菌作为新型酸奶发酵剂的使用情况,以及益生酸奶的生产与消费情况.     

Survival and Growth of Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Refrigerated Pickle Products

We examined 10 lactic acid bacteria that have been previously characterized for commercial use as probiotic cultures, mostly for dairy products, including 1 Pediococcus and 9 Lactobacilli. Our objectives were to develop a rapid procedure for determining the long‐term survivability of these cultures in acidified vegetable products and to identify suitable cultures for probiotic brined vegetable products. We therefore developed assays to measure acid resistance of these cultures to lactic and acetic acids, which are present in pickled vegetable products. We used relatively high acid concentrations (compared to commercial products) of 360 mM lactic acid and 420 mM acetic acid to determine acid resistance with a 1 h treatment. Growth rates were measured in a cucumber juice medium at pH 5.3, 4.2, and 3.8, at 30 °C and 0% to 2% NaCl. Significant differences in acid resistance and growth rates were found among the 10 cultures. In general, the acid resistant strains had slower growth rates than the acid sensitive strains. Based on the acid resistance data, selected cultures were tested for long‐term survival in a simulated acidified refrigerated cucumber product. We found that one of the most acid resistant strains (Lactobacillus casei) could survive for up to 63 d at 4 °C without significant loss of viability at 10⁸ CFU/mL. These data may aid in the development of commercial probiotic refrigerated pickle products.     

Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria and Skin Health

Human skin is the first defense barrier against the external environment, especially microbial pathogens and physical stimulation. Many studies on skin health with Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have been published for many years, including prevention of skin disease and improvement of skin conditions. LAB, a major group of gram-positive bacteria, are known to be beneficial to human health by acting as probiotics. Recent studies have shown that LAB and their extracts have beneficial effects on maintenance and improvement of skin health. Oral administration of Lactobacillus delbrueckii inhibits the development of atopic disease. In addition, LAB and LAB extracts are known to have beneficial effects on intestinal diseases, with Lactobacillus plantarum having been shown to attenuate IL-10 deficient colitis. In addition to intestinal health, L. plantarum also has beneficial effects on skin. pLTA, which is lipoteichoic acid isolated from L. plantarum, has anti-photoaging effects on human skin cells by regulating the expression matrix meralloprotionase-1 (MMP-1) expression. While several studies have proposed a relationship between diseases of the skin and small intestines, there are currently no published reviews of the effects of LAB for skin health through regulation of intestinal conditions and the immune system. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the effects of LAB on skin health and its potential applications in beauty foods.     

Manufacture of Fermented Lactic Beverages Containing Probiotic Cultures

ABSTRACT: Lactic beverages (LB) are products prepared with yogurt, whey, and other ingredients; they are popular among consumers in Brazil. LB containing probiotics were manufactured to study bacteria viability and to evaluate product characteristics during shelf life. Although counts decreased, 5.3 × 10⁶ CFU/mL of probiotics in average after 28 d were found. LB behaved as pseudoplastic fluids with thixotropy, and flow curves were best fitted by Oswald-de-Waele model. Apparent viscosity and pH decreased slightly with storage. LB showed phase separation increasing until 35% after 14 d, stabilizing after. Finally, microscopy observations showed a dispersion of protein particles. Filamentous and spherical structures corresponded to guar and starch that were added as stabilizers. No differences were noticed between products containing yogurt bacteria and those with probiotics.     

益生乳酸菌与肠道菌群稳态

肠道是个复杂的微生态系统,不仅包含宿主细胞和各种营养物质,还包含数以万计的微生物。这些肠道微生物与宿主健康息息相关,对宿主营养、代谢、生理和免疫均有影响,肠道菌群发生紊乱还会引起各种疾病。大量临床试验表明,益生乳酸菌可通过调节宿主肠道菌群稳态治疗或缓解多种疾病。本文作者描述了失衡指数（DI）、微生物平衡指数（MBI）和微生物失衡指数（MDI）这3种量化肠道菌群稳态的计算方法及其应用,阐述了益生乳酸菌对肥胖和健康宿主肠道菌群稳态的影响,指出益生乳酸菌可能通过与肠道中病原菌竞争结合位点或分泌物质抑制病原菌,分泌代谢物为肠道中有益共生菌提供适宜生长繁殖的环境和制造“假想敌”刺激宿主免疫系统应答等方式维持宿主肠道菌群稳态,并讨论了维持宿主肠道菌群稳态的重要性。同时还综述了益生乳酸菌研究现状,指出益生乳酸菌的研究要做到个性化,不仅要考虑研究人群个体差异,还要考虑菌株之间的差异。     

果糖产品的发展

简要介绍果糖在淀粉糖工业中的发展，并着重介绍了其主要产品果葡糖浆、结晶果糖的发展过程和现状。     

植物源益生乳酸菌的筛选及其特性

为筛选具有益生特性的植物源乳酸菌,以传统发酵蔬菜中分离的1 000 株乳酸菌为出发菌株,进行了耐酸性、耐胆盐能力、抑菌性、体外抗氧化能力、药敏性、溶血性和氨基酸脱羧酶活性等特性研究,并对筛选菌株进行了16S rDNA 鉴定。经pH 3.0 MRS培养得乳酸菌82 株,再经pH 2.5 MRS培养得乳酸菌49 株;49 株菌经0.3%胆盐测试,均具有耐胆盐能力;根据镜检形态结合发酵植物源的不同从中挑选19 株乳酸菌进行药敏性、溶血性、抑菌性、氨基酸脱羧酶活性和1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除实验。结果表明,19 株菌对所选20 种抗生素多数表现敏感,其中4 株菌对20 种抗生素都较敏感;19 株菌对供试致病菌都有不同程度抑制能力且都无溶血性;经氨基酸脱羧酶活性试剂盒结合聚合酶链式反应扩增检测表明,19 株菌无产生物胺的潜在威胁;有5 株菌体外抗氧化能力高于40%。可见19 株菌均具有益生菌的基本特性。经16S rDNA鉴定,7 株为发酵乳杆菌、6 株为植物乳杆菌,嫩江杆菌、戊糖片球菌、利莫西杆菌、戊糖乳杆菌、屎肠球菌、短乳杆菌分别各1 株。     

Probiotic Dairy Products as Functional Foods

Abstract: Foods that affect specific functions or systems in the human body, providing health benefits beyond energy and nutrients—functional foods—have experienced rapid market growth in recent years. This growth is fueled by technological innovations, development of new products, and the increasing number of health‐conscious consumers interested in products that improve life quality. Since the global market of functional foods is increasing annually, food product development is a key research priority and a challenge for both the industry and science sectors. Probiotics show considerable promise for the expansion of the dairy industry, especially in such specific sectors as yogurts, cheeses, beverages, ice creams, and other desserts. This article presents an overview of functional foods and strategies for their development, with particular attention to probiotic dairy products. Moreover, special attention is paid to the sensory properties of such products to provide important information about their most desirable attributes.     

乳酸杆菌对人体肠道黄曲霉毒素排泄的影响

目的寻找减少人体肠道对黄曲霉毒素吸收、增加其排泄的有效手段.方法随机抽取广州某高校300名健康青年男性学生,尿检AFM1阳性者,志愿者83例随机分为2组,双盲法分别给予乳酸杆菌胶囊和安慰剂胶囊,收集服用胶囊第1周、第3周、第5周和停用胶囊后的粪便样本测定AFT排泄量.结果男性健康青年学生尿AFM1阳性率50%;乳酸杆菌组第1周第1次粪便样本AFT排泄量显著高于安慰剂组(p<0.05).结论广州某高校青年男性学生有较高的AFT污染率;乳酸杆菌可影响人体肠道黄曲霉毒素的排泄,其有效剂量和排泄机制有待于进一步研究.     

雪莲菌中乳酸菌的益生特性

对分离自雪莲菌的乳酸菌进行益生特性评价。耐酸性和模拟胃肠液耐受性初筛结果表明,20株乳酸菌中有11株乳酸菌在pH 3.0和pH 2.5的培养基中具有耐受性,经过模拟胃肠液培养后有8株乳酸菌的活菌数大于10⁶ CFU/mL;疏水性、自凝聚性、抗氧化能力和抑菌实验结果表明,副干酪乳杆菌(Lactobacillus paracasei)KF2-5和鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)RG疏水性较高、抑菌性最强,菌株RG的自凝聚能力和抗氧化能力较强;耐药性实验结果显示,菌株KF2-5和RG对红霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素和四环素敏感,对头孢噻肟和万古霉素具有耐药性;溶血性实验表明,2株菌均无溶血。本研究筛选得到2株具有益生特性的乳酸菌KF2-5和RG,在益生产品开发中具有潜在的应用前景。