氯对TiAl基合金高温氧化行为的影响

研究了表面喷沙少量ＭｎＣｌ２及离子注入氯对ＴｉＡｌ基合金９５０℃恒温氧化行的影 响ＴｉＡｌ合金９５０℃氧化后氧化膜为ＴｉＯ２及Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物,表面涂少量ＭｎＣｌ２后, 合金氧化速度降低了４个数量级,氧化膜的成分主要为Ａｌ２Ｏ３,离子注入Ｃｌ在氧化初期也显著降低 了氧化速率,延迟了ＴｉＯ２形成时间。     

Ti－Al系金属间化合物的高温热腐蚀

研究了Ｔｉ３ＡＬ，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ－Ｎｂ及ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在９００℃及９５０℃空气中当表面有（０．９Ｎａ，０．１Ｋ）２ＳＯ４盐膜存在时的高温热腐蚀行为．结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ，ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在９００、９５０℃遭受严重的热腐蚀．合金表面均没有形成单一的Ａ１２Ｏ３保护层，而是形成外层为富ＴｉＯ２层，内层为ＴｉＯ２、Ａ１２Ｏ３或Ｎｂ２Ｏ５的混合氧化物层，在氧化膜／合金基体界面形成一些硫化物．合金的腐蚀以电化学机制进行．硫化物的形成也促进了电化学反应的阳极过程．向Ｔｉ３Ａｌ中添加Ｎｂ可以显著地改善其热腐蚀性能，这归因于Ｎｂ促进富Ａｌ氧化物内层的形成．ＴｉＡｌ的耐蚀性能优于Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金．     

Cr对TiAl金属间化合物抗循环氧化性能的影响

研究了Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ,Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ和Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ（％）合金在９００～１１００℃下的抗循环氧化性能。结果表明,ＴｉＡｌ在９００～１１００℃下形成ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物膜,抗循环氧化能力差。在９００℃时Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金尽管形成ＴｉＯ２和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物膜,但是循环氧化１００次仍未见氧化膜剥落;而在１０００℃时由于粘附性好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜部分覆盖于表面,其抗氧化性能较ＴｉＡｌ的好。在１１００℃氧化时,Ｔｉ４５Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金能形成连续Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,而表现出好的抗循环氧化性能。Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ合金在９００～１１００℃由于能形成保护性的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,而表现出好的抗循环氧化能力。因此,添加Ｃｒ可以促进ＴｉＡｌ表面粘附性好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜的形成从而显著地提高ＴｉＡｌ的抗循环氧化能力。     

Ti3Al基合金高温氧化行为的原位X射线衍射研究

用高温原位Ｘ射线衍射技术分析研究了Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金在７００℃和８００℃的氧化行为，测定了其１００ｈ的氧化增重曲线，并用电子探针分析了氧化层截面的元素分布。实验结果表明，Ｔｉ３Ａｌ氧化过程中先形成ＴｉＯ２，氧化层组成为ＴｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合物，Ｎｂ、Ｓｉ元素可提高Ｔｉ３Ａｌ合金的抗氧化性能。促使合金表面形成ＴｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３层，但对Ａｌ２Ｏ３的生成没有促进作用，形成ＴｉＮ层是Ｔｉ３Ａｌ合金抗氧     

TiAlCr涂层对TiAl金属间化合物抗熔融硫酸盐热腐蚀的影响

研究了溅射ＴｉＡｌＣｒ 涂层对ＴｉＡｌ 金属间化合物抗硫酸盐热腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,８５０ ℃时,９０ ％ Ｎａ２ＳＯ４ ＋ １０ ％ Ｋ２ＳＯ４ 中Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ 和Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ 都遭受严重热腐蚀。ＴｉＡｌＣｒ 涂层能大大改善ＴｉＡｌ 金属间化合物的抗热腐蚀性能。带Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ 涂层的Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ 表面形成一层完整致密的Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 膜, 涂层与基材之间无明显互扩散。带Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ 涂层的Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ 表面虽然也形成Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 膜, 但在其上面长出一些ＴｉＯ２ 瘤。这可能是涂层与基材之间的互扩散导致涂层中Ｔｉ 含量增加,Ａｌ 含量减少而生成ＴｉＯ２ 的结果。将涂层成分调整为Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ 后, 带Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ 涂层的Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ 表面生成了连续的Ａｌ２Ｏ３ 膜, 其抗热腐蚀性能良好。     

TiAl金属间化合物的熔盐热腐蚀行为

研究了ＴｉＡｌ金属间化合物在熔融盐中的热腐蚀行为。ＴｉＡｌ在９００℃（Ｎａ，Ｋ）２ＳＯ４中呈现良好的抗热腐蚀行为，形成的腐蚀产物具有分层结构，外层为ＴｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３的混合氧化物，和二层由致密的Ａｌ２Ｏ３组成，内层是Ｔｉ或Ａｌ的硫化物。在Ｎａ２ＳＯ４＋ＮａＣｌ的混合盐中，ＴｉＡｌ遭受严重的热腐蚀，不能形成保护性的Ａｌ２Ｏ３层，形成的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＯ２混合膜的粘附性差，较易剥落。     

TiAl基合金高温氧化动力学分析

关于ｉＡｌ的高温氧化问题，国内外已有广泛报道［１，２］，但缺乏对氧化产物的系统分析．本文从氧化物生成热力学角度讨论了二元ＴｉＡｌ及三元ＴｉＡｌ－Ｃｒ合金氧化产物的生成趋势，旨在为ＴｉＡｌ氧化层构造研究提供理论基础．１ＴｉＡｌ氧化物的热力学计算 二元ＴｉＡｌ在９７３Ｋ以上高温氧化时，生成两种稳定的氧化物［３］：Ｒ－ＴｉＯ２和α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３。由于ＴｉＯ２与Ａｌ２Ｏ３的生成自由能相近［４］，在原子比约为 １：１的 ＴｉＡｌ基合金中，将几乎同时生成两种氧化物，故不能形成单一致密的Ａｌ２Ｏ３保护层． 式中：气…     

溅射TiAlCr涂层对Ti-24Al-14Nb-3V抗氧化性能的影响

研究了溅射Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ及Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层对Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ抗高温氧化性能的影响。结果表明,在８００℃下,Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ及Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层表面由于可形成粘附性良好的Ａｌ２Ｏ３膜,大大改善了Ｔｉ２４Ａｌ１４Ｎｂ３Ｖ的抗高温氧化性能。９００℃时在Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ１０Ｃｒ涂层表面长出大量ＴｉＯ２,导致其氧化增重较大;而在Ｔｉ５０Ａｌ２０Ｃｒ涂层表面生成了连续Ａｌ２Ｏ３,其抗氧化性能良好。然而,由于ＴｉＡｌＣｒ涂层与基体热膨胀系数不同,在循环氧化过程中涂层出现一些裂纹,导致其抗循环氧化性能有所下降。     

反应物形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料微观结构和拉伸性能的影响

对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ,ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３三个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）复合材料．Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成的ＴｉＢ２为最大尺寸可达５μｍ的具有一定长宽比的块状或棒状粒子,此外还有一定量尺寸可达几十微米的不规则块状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成．ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成小于２μｍ等轴的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子,基本没有Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成．ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３体系中除细小等轴状的Ａｌ２Ｏ３和ＴｉＢ２粒子外,还生成尺寸为几十微米的条状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ．拉伸试验表明,由ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系制备的复合材料具有最高的强度和塑性．对三个体系所制备复合材料差异的微观结构和性能做出了解释．     

反应物形态对原位生长陶瓷粒子增强铝基复合材料微观结构和拉伸性？…

对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ,ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ和ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ２Ｏ３三个体系利用反应热压方法制备了原位ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）和原位Ａｌ２Ｏ３,ＴｉＢ２粒子增强Ａｌ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３·ＴｉＢ２／Ａｌ）复合材料。Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成的ＴｉＢ２为最大尺寸可达５μｍ的具有一定长宽比的块状或棒状粒子,此外还有一定量尺寸可达几十微米的不规则块状Ａｌ３Ｔｉ生成。ＴｉＯ２－Ａｌ－Ｂ体系中形成小于２μｍ等轴     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。