含CL-20、DNTF和FOX-12的CMDB推进剂的热分解

用PDSC研究了添加CL-20（或DNTF或FOX-12）的改性双基推进剂的热分解行为.发现PDSC曲线中CL-20、DNTF推进剂有两个放热峰,第一个为双基黏结剂的分解峰,第二个为CL-20或DNTF的分解峰.FOX-12改性双基推进剂只有一个分解峰,表明FOX-12和双基黏结剂（NC、NG等组分）一起分解.     

ACP对无烟改性双基推进剂能量和燃烧性能的影响

含ACP的无烟改性双基推进剂能量特性理论计算表明,ACP对推进剂的能量影响较小。研究了不同工艺对含ACP无烟改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响。实验结果表明,ACP对压伸工艺制备的推进剂燃速没有显著提高,但能大幅度地提高浇铸无烟改性双基推进剂的燃速。分析了ACP提高无烟改性双基推进剂燃速的作用机理,认为ACP可增加燃烧表面积和热量向燃烧表面积的反馈,使推进剂的燃速大增。     

降低固体推进剂燃速研究进展

综述了复合推进剂、硝酸酯增塑聚醚(NEPE)推进剂和改性双基推进剂在降低燃速方面的研究进展,并指出未来降低固体推进剂燃速研究的重点为向推进剂中引入含能降速剂及采用热分解温度较高且能量较高的新型含能材料。     

用ACP提高固体推进剂的燃速

用快燃物ACP提高改性双基推进剂、AP／HTPB复合推进剂和N-15D推进剂的燃速,取得了非常显著的效果。在HMX和RDX改性双基推进剂配方中加入不同粒度不同含量的ACP,推进剂的燃速均能提高,压强指数基本无变化。在AP基复合推进剂配方中加入ACP,其燃速均有不同程度的提高,而且在7～15MPa的压强范围内,压强指数小于0．45。成功地进行Ф64mm发动机试验,并获得稳定的P-t曲线。N-15D推进剂配方的燃速较低,加入ACP后,燃速也有提高,压强指数稍有增大。结果表明,加入ACP后燃速提高效率分别是：HMX改性双基推进剂配方为40．62％,RDX改性双基推进剂配方为38．00％,复合推进剂配方为37．35％,N-15D推进剂配方为9．90％。     

纳米催化剂对无烟改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响

用均匀设计和多元回归分析方法研究了纳米含能有机铅盐n-ONPP、纳米有机铜盐n-PAC和炭黑复配对无烟改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响,并建立了多元回归数学分析模型.结果表明,n-ONPP和n-PAC复配或n-ONPP和炭黑的复配,对提高无烟改性双基推进剂2～6MPa的燃速效果显著,而对提高该推进剂在6～22MPa的燃速效果不明显.但一定量且比例适当的n-ONPP、n-PAC和炭黑复配,能显著提高无烟改性双基推进剂在中低压下的燃速,且在中高压段使推进剂出现平台燃烧,但平台燃烧的压强范围随着催化剂比例的不同而不同.理论分析表明,在2～4MPa,对无烟改性双基推进剂燃速起决定作用的是n-PAC和炭黑;n-ONPP、n-PAC和炭黑三者之间的相互作用对燃速也有一定的作用.在6MPa以上,n-ONPP和n-PAC对燃速起决定作用,炭黑起辅助作用.     

固体推进剂燃烧波结构与燃速及压力指数的关系研究

采用微型热电偶测燃烧波温度分布、燃烧火焰照相、燃速测量等实验技术了双基、双基平台、复合改性双基等双基系推进剂在１－６ｋｇ／ＭＰａ压力下的燃烧波结构，揭示了它们各自的特征，阐述了燃烧波结构与燃速及压力指数的关系。     

有机铅盐对高能改性双基推进剂燃烧性能和热分解的影响

研究了3种有机铅盐燃烧催化剂NTO铅(NTO-Pb)、水杨酸铅(Sa-Pb)和硬脂酸铅(St-Pb)对高能改性双基推进剂(HEMDB)不同压强下的燃烧性能和热分解的影响.结果表明,有机铅盐燃烧催化剂对HEMDB推进剂的燃烧性能和DSC特征量均有影响;NTO-Pb、Sa-Pb和St-Pb可促进HEMDB推进剂中RDX的热分解;HEMDB推进剂的燃速和DSC特征量均随压强的升高而增大,在1～10MPa压强下该类推进剂的燃速与DSC特征量线性相关.     

基于一维气相稳态反应流的燃速预估软件研究

在一维气相稳态反应流模型的基础上,总结了适用于双基推进剂、改性双基推进剂、复合固体推进剂燃速预估的修正因子,拓宽了燃烧理论模型的适用范围.采用Visual C++和Microsoft Access为开发工具,完成了基于组分化学键结构参数的固体推进剂燃速预估软件(SPRS)编制.该软件基于Windows XP系统,界面友好,使用方便,具有数据更新和信息查询功能.用户不仅能根据推进剂的化学组成(配方)和给定压强计算燃速、压力指数等参数,还可根据给定的燃速和压力指数等调整推进剂配方组成,对缩短固体推进剂研制周期和节约研制成本具有重要意义.     

不同纳米材料含量对RDX-CMDB推进剂燃烧性能的影响（英文）

为研究3种纳米材料含量对改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响,系统地测试了含纳米铜粉(n-Cu)、纳米镍粉(n-Ni)和碳纳米管(CNTs)的含RDX改性双基(RDX-CMDB)推进剂的燃速。在此基础上,通过分析火焰结构、熄火表面和热分解特性探究了n-Ni对RDX-CMDB改性双基推进剂燃烧性能的影响机理。结果表明,质量分数为0.6%的n-Ni使RDX-CMDB推进剂6～16MPa的压强指数由0.29降至0.11。质量分数为0.8%的CNTs使已经含有Pb-Cu-C三组元催化剂的RDX-CMDB推进剂10MPa的燃速从17.12mm/s提高到22.12mm/s。n-Ni使RDX-CMDB推进剂分解放热量增加42.7%,同时提高了推进剂的燃面温度,这可能是n-Ni提高RDX-CMDB推进剂燃速的原因之一。     

含RDX的改性双基推进剂燃速智能设计

为提升改性双基推进剂配方的设计能力,利用智能算法实现配方燃速性能设计与优化,通过对比几类典型智能算法,包括遗传算法、差分进化算法、粒子群优化算法和鲸鱼优化算法,对含RDX的改性双基推进剂进行了燃速性能的智能化配方优化与设计。结果表明,智能优化算法相对于统计优化而言操作简单、运行快速,而差分进化算法拟合出的14个最优配方其燃速性能最好且更稳定。在相同的压强条件下,14个优化配方的燃速显著大于已做配方的实验值。最后利用差分算法与支持向量回归模型进一步耦合形成了一套适用于含RDX的改性双基推进剂燃速性能预测的智能算法软件,基于该智能算法软件可推演得到燃速性能优越的新配方。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。