核辐射脉冲幅度分析的基线自适应Kalman滤波估计

为实现核辐射脉冲幅度分析中的基线估计,该文探讨了一种用自适应Kalman滤波方法对基线进行估计的方法。通过对核辐射脉冲信号波形物理特性的分析,结合自适应Kalman滤波算法,对核辐射信号基线进行数学建模,进而实现基线估计。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性,能为脉冲数字成形等后续工作提供很好的预处理数据。     

基于基线自动恢复技术的数字多道能谱仪

不同放射性强度的测量应用中,探测器输出核脉冲信号的基线将发生漂移,进而造成多道能谱仪的谱线漂移和能量分辨率损失。尽管采用数字基线估计方法可以对核脉冲信号的基线进行正确估计,但纯数字基线恢复算法无法有效处理核脉冲信号基线漂移对前端电路的影响。采用最小平均值基线估计方法,先在现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)中进行数字基线估计;然后通过SPI总线将基线估计值传入微控制器(Micro-Controller Unit,MCU),MCU根据基线值判断是否进行基线调节,将基线估计值传入数模转换器(Digital-to-analog Converter,DAC);最后在前端电路中实现核脉冲信号的基线恢复。基于La Br3(Ce)探测器的测试结果表明:采用该基线自动恢复技术的数字化多道能谱仪能够实现核脉冲信号的基线自动恢复。在高放射性测量条件下,测量系统能够解决因基线漂移引起的谱线漂移问题,使系统能量分辨率保持稳定。     

数字化γ能谱测量系统中的脉冲基线估计与扣除方法

在γ能谱测量系统中,基线的估计与扣除一直是脉冲幅度测量处理过程中的一个重要环节。随着γ能谱测量系统的数字化,基线的估计与扣除方法也需要作相应的改进。目前相对复杂的算法只能是先对输入射线脉冲经数字化采样后,再在计算机上编程实现,不适用于以现场可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)等为核心的数字化系统。部分可以在FPGA上实现的算法,在估计基线时没有充分考虑正常核脉冲信号对基线的影响,精度和实时性相对不足。为解决这一问题,本文提出了一种可在FPGA上实现的脉冲基线估计与扣除方法。该方法通过对采样得到的原始脉冲信号进行去异常滑动平均滤波法,进而求得原始输入脉冲的直流基线,并对该基线进行扣除。而脉冲基线的扣除,必将降低仪器后续处理的复杂度。经实验验证:此方法算法简单、精度好、灵敏度高、可在FPGA上编程实现、可以抑制低频干扰和温度漂移等因素对基线的影响,能够在一定程度上提高能量分辨率,抑制谱线漂移。该方法不仅可以用于数字化γ能谱测量系统,也可以应用于测量其他类型射线(如X射线)的数字化谱仪。     

核脉冲数字基线改进算法

由于CR微分电路引起的下冲经数字模拟转换器(Analog-to-digital Converter,ADC)转换后的信号基线漂移现象一直存在,增加了数字基线估计算法的复杂度,影响了在线基线的实时性与准确性。通过对平均值法实时提取随机波形信号数字化基线算法的研究,提出了一种在现场可编程门阵列(Field-Programmable Gate Array,FPGA)可实现的核脉冲数字基线改进算法——平均值阈值法。采用实测的一个带下冲信号进行拆解拼接后得到一条基线值固定的新信号,经平均值阈值法求得的基线与该拼接信号的基线值一致,并且当基线值发生变化时,该算法实时跟随效果好。平均值阈值法实时提取随机波形信号数字化基线算法能有效的计算出基线,并且占用内存小,计算速度快,经该算法处理后的基线值稳定性好,具有较强的跟随效果。     

尖峰脉冲成形算法改进与性能分析

在数字化核仪器中,为获取高能量分辨率的能谱,常采用数字滤波成形算法处理核脉冲信号,脉冲成形方法中成形参数对输出信号波形、堆积脉冲分离的影响研究鲜有报道.本文在尖峰脉冲成形算法基础上,引入平顶参数,对Mn样品的硅漂移探测器得到的实测脉冲信号开展实验研究,并与常见的梯形脉冲成形方法作对比分析.对采集到的核脉冲信号分别采用尖...     

核辐射脉冲幅度分析的基线卡尔曼滤波估计

本工作从核辐射脉冲信号波形的物理特性分析出发，讨论了卡尔曼滤波方法在实测脉冲信号序列基线估计中的应用效果。实验结果表明了该方法的有效性，这为数字化核辐射多参数测量与分析系统谱分析提供了很好的数据预处理手段。     

基于盲目反卷积算法的核脉冲信号处理

提出一种新的核脉冲信号测量分析方法,采用盲目反卷积算法,在线去除采集信号的堆积,恢复基线,还原核脉冲信号。系统采用FPGA控制高速ADC对核辐射信号连续采样,上位机通过USB2.0通讯,采用具有高速传输特性的Slave FIFO模式实现数据实时采集,利用NI LabVIEW软件平台实现算法处理与显示。结果表明,该方法具有传输速度快、能实时测量与显示等优点。     

数字高斯脉冲成形算法仿真研究

高斯脉冲具有良好的时间、频率响应和较高的信噪比,探测器输出信号通常被滤波成形为高斯波形或类高斯波形。在高斯脉冲成形算法基础上,引入截止频率和品质因子,讨论成形参数对成形脉冲幅度、宽度的影响。通过与梯形脉冲成形算法对比,研究高斯脉冲成形算法的滤波效果以及对核信号幅度谱的作用。结果表明,在相同达峰时间条件下高斯脉冲成形算法具有更好的噪声抑制能力,同时可减小核信号幅度谱的半高宽;结合使用梯形脉冲成形算法可改善高斯脉冲成形算法在处理堆积脉冲中的不足,提高核信号通过率。     

核脉冲信号数字自动极零设计

针对数字极零相消参数调试过程中依赖人工干预的问题,在推导出负指数衰减脉冲信号时间常数计算模型基础上,提出了自动极零算法,搭建了数字自动极零软硬件测试装置。验证实验表明,提出的负指数衰减脉冲信号时间常数计算模型,可应用于核脉冲信号时间常数的精确计算,数字自动极零算法可直接应用于数字化多道核脉冲信号自动极零相消功能的实现。     

基于C#和DSP的核能谱模拟平台构建

针对核信号在脉冲幅度和相邻脉冲时间间隔上存在的随机性,探讨构建了一种基于C#和DSP软硬件的核能谱模拟平台。采用相关算法,产生核随机信号,并统计其涨落特性,在软硬件两方面实现对任意核能谱的精确模拟和逼真再现。可对相邻核信号产生的时间间隔作任意分布设定,还可对核能谱的刷新频率、每次刷新增加的脉冲数以及统计脉冲总数等参数进行设置。模拟结果表明,在统计的脉冲总数与原始数据量相等的情况下,谱各道相对误差可控制在0.5%以内。     

Identification of radiation treatment of wheat （Triticum aestivum. L）and rice （Oryza sativa. L） samples using thermoluminescence of contaminating minerals

Food irradiation is gaining popularity worldwide and this technology is important to improve quality and reduce the post harvest losses of food. Because of the rapid commercialization of irradiated foods throughout the world, compliance of different regulations relating to use of technology in different countries and demand of consumers for clear labelling of irradiated foods, there is need for the development of analytical methods to detect radiation treatment of food. Among several methods studied so far, thermoluminescence （TL） is an important method that can be used to find out the irradiation history of food that contain even a very minute amount of dust particles. In this study, the irradiated and unirradiated wheat and rice samples were analyzed using the TL method. The samples were purchased from the local market of Peshawar and irradiated to radiation doses of 0.5 and 1.0 kGy using Co-60 gamma irradiator at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture （NIFA）, Peshawar. The mineral contaminants were isolated by jet water, ultrasonic treatment, and density gradient. TL glow curves of the isolated minerals from irradiated and unirradiated samples were recorded between the temperature ranges of 50-500℃ using a TL reader. Generally, the glow curves for irradiated samples showed much higher TL intensities （TL1） than the unirradiated samples. The results were normalized by rerradiation of mineral samples to gamma-ray dose of 1.0 kGy followed by determination of the second glow curves （TL2）. The ratio of the area of first glow curve to that of second glow curve （TL1/TL2） was calculated for selected temperature intervals and compared with the recommended values for unirradiated and irradiated samples. Finally, the shapes of the glow curves for irradiated and unirradiated samples were also analyzed. On the basis of these results （comparison of TL-intensities, TL1/TL2 ratios and shapes of the glow curves）, all the irradiated and unirradiated samples of wheat and rice were unequivocally identified.     

有效探测面积大于1000 cm2的正比计数器测量系统性能测试

为对自制的活性面积高达1 000 cm²的大面积源进行表面发射率定值,同时作为现有2πα、2πβ表面发射率标准装置能力的扩充,研制了一套内置式大面积2π多丝正比计数器测量系统,并利用活性区直径为8 mm的²⁴¹Am点源及活性区面积为10 cm×15 cm的大面积²⁴¹Am和⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源对其进行计量学性能测试。结果表明：计数器内计数响应均匀性优于±0.4%,有效探测面积达1 400 cm²;所得²⁴¹Am源高压坪曲线的坪长为1 400 V,坪斜为0.27%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.87%;⁹⁰Sr-⁹⁰Y源高压坪曲线的坪长为300 V,坪斜为0.75%/100 V,坪区内计数变化为0.80%;10次测量重复性好于0.4%,8 h内短期稳定性好于0.3%,1 a内长期稳定性好于0.8%。     

Preparation of Zn/TiO2 powder and its photocatalytic performance for oxidation of P-nitrophenol

Zn-doped TiO2 catalysts were prepared using a sol-gel method and characterized by XPS,UV-Vis, BET, XRD in this study. Under the irradiation of simulant sunlight, the photocatalytic activity for the degradation of p-nitrophenol was studied too. After irradiation for 2.5 h, the degradation percentage of p-nitrophenol could rise to more than 80 %. The results showed that the spectrum absorption band edge of Zn/TiO2 powder does not broaden obviously comparing with pure TiO2 powder. Zinc exists as Zn （11）. When calcined at 973 K, there is a new phase as ZnTiO3 in Zn/TiO2 catalyst. The order of photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalysts calcined at different temperatures for p-nitrophenol is 773 K 〉 673 K 〉 873 K 〉 573 K 〉 973 K and the photocatalytic activity of Zn/TiO2 catalyst calcined at 773 K is better than TiO2 catalysts heated at the same temperature, and outclasses that of commercial TiO2 catalyst. It also showed that the photocatalytic degradation of p-nitrophenol follows first-order kinetics under the irradiation of simulant sunlight.     

Current status of radiation therapy for prostate cancer

Radiotherapy for the treatment of prostate cancer has been extensively explored in the past. Along with the comprehensive understanding of the biology of prostate cancer and rapid advances in terms of technology, the out- come of treatment for the patients with prostate cancer has improved. The authors review radiotherapy as the primary treatment for the disease, with particular emphasis on the technological advances from both the radiobiological and radiophysics aspects. Nonconventional fractionated irradiation like hyper- or hypo-fractionation has been imple- mented in the clinic, the final results still need to be confirmed in the future. Technological advances like IMRT, IGRT, in the last two decades have significantly improved the delivery of external radiotherapy to the prostate. This has re- sulted in an overall increase in the total dose that can be safely delivered to the prostate, which has led to modest im- provements in the biochemical outcome. However, establishing the standard therapy for prostate cancer remains con- troversial. It is hoped that the next decades will bring continued advances in the development of biologicals that will further improve current clinical outcomes.     

The control system for SSRF injection and extraction

This paper introduces the injection and extraction control system design for SSRF,which is a distributed control system aimed at stability and reliability of the pulse power supplies,PPS(Personnel Protection System)and MPS(Machine Protection System).The hardware environment is mainly based on PLC(Programmable Logic Con- troller),and ARM(Advanced RISC Machine)is also applied for studying stability of the power supplies.WinCC and EPICS(Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System)have been selected as the platforms of SCADA(Super- visory Control and Data Acquisition).For unifying the interfacing to the control computer,all front-end equipments are connected via Industrial Ethemet.     

Interaction between uranium and humic acid (Ⅰ): Adsorption behaviors of U(Ⅵ) in soil humic acids

The adsorption behaviors of uranium on three soil humic acids (HAs), which were extracted from soils of different depths at the same site, were investigated under various experimental conditions. The adsorption results showed that U(Ⅵ) in solutions can be adsorbed by the three soil HAs, with the order of FHA (HA from 5 m depth of soil) ＞SHA (HA from the surface) ＞THA (HA from 10 m depth of soil) for adsorption efficiency in each desirable condition, and the adsorption reached equilibrium in about 240 min. Although the maximum adsorption efficiency was adsorption could be described with Langmiur isotherm or Freundlich isotherm equation. The L/S (liquid/solid, mL/g)ratio and pH were important factors influencing the adsorption in our adsorption system besides uranium concentration. The adsorption efficiency decreased with the increase of the L/S ratio and pH at the pH range of 2.0-3.0 for SHA and THA or 2.5 - 6.0 for FHA. However, no significant difference in adsorption of U(Ⅵ) was observed at the experimental temperature. All the results implied that humic substances have different characteristics in samples even collected at the same site.     

水平管内含空气蒸汽强制对流冷凝换热模型研究

为研究含空气蒸汽在水平管内强制对流冷凝换热特性,基于对传热传质过程的分析,建立了管内为环状流与波状流条件下的流动冷凝换热模型。从潜热、显热和液膜3个环节对整个换热过程进行建模,最终得到计算局部冷凝换热系数的理论关系式。模型预测结果与实验数据的对比表明,二者相对偏差在±20%以内,验证了该换热模型的准确性与适用性。通过进一步的研究发现：从换热管入口至出口,随着冷凝的进行,管内换热主要热阻由液膜热阻向气液界面的凝结热阻转变;主流气体对流换热过程基本可忽略。     

The preclinical pharmacological study of dopamine transporter imaging agent 18F-FP-β-CIT

The paper is to study pharmacologic characteristics of 18F-FP-β-CIT (18F-N-(3-fluoropropyl)-2β- carbomethoxy-3β- (4-iodophenyl)nortropane) as an imaging agent for dopamine transporter. The radiochemical purity of 18F-FP-β-CIT in aqueous solution was over 95% after standing at room temperature for 4h. Biodistribution displayed rapid uptake in rat brain (1.375 %ID/organ at 5min and 0.100 %ID/organ at 180 min) and the striatal uptake was 1.444,0.731, 0.397, 0.230 and 0.146 %ID/g at 5, 30, 60, 120 and 180 min, respectively. The values of striatum/cerebellum,striatum/frontal cortex and striatum / hippocampus in rat's brain at 30 min were 3.38, 2.17 and 2.40 respectively. The uptake in striatum can be blocked by β-CFT, suggesting that 18F-FP-β-CIT binds to DAT peculiarly. The compound was rapidly cleared from monkey's blood. The striatal uptake was bilaterally decreased in the left-sided lesioned PD rats, compared with normal control. Brain PET imaging studies in normal monkey showed that 18F-FP-β-CIT was concentrated in striatum. The test of undue toxicity showed that the dose received by mice was 1250 times as by human, which indicates that 18F-FP-β-CIT is very safe. So 18F-FP-β-CIT is a promising PET imaging agent for DAT with safety and validity.     

Information for authors

<正>1.NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES(NST),a bimonthly journal,is devoted to all aspects of nuclear science and technology,theoretical or experimental.Its special interest lies in the subjects of synchrotron radiation science and technology;low energy accelerators,radiation technology and applications;radiochemistry,radiopharmaceuticals and nuclear medicine;nuclear electronics and instrumen-     

PLASMA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY AUTHOR INDEX TO VOLUME 16(2014)

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