放射性固体废物回取与整备处理示范设施

中国原子能科学研究院现有两座放射性废物暂存库，其中一座废物库已装满废物停运封存，另一个废物库也即将装满废物等待处理。这些废物库均已超期服役。为此，我院需建成一套放射性固体废物回取、分拣、预压实、分类检测专用设备，为院现有固体废物的回取与整备及今后新产生固体废物的处理提供工程应用装置，并为核工业固体废物处理提供示范。     

放射性固体废物回取与整备处理示范设施

中国原子能科学研究院现有两座放射性废物暂存库109#和149#。109#废物库已装满废物停运封存,149#废物库即将装满废物等待处理。为此,我院计划建成一套放射性固体废物回取、分拣、预压实、分类检测专用设备,为现有固体废物的回取与整备及今后新产生固体废物的处理提供工程应用装     

桶装固体废物α/γ分类检测装置研制

正1概述根据国家相关法规规定,放射性固体废物在通过减容、固定、整备等转型处理后,必须对废物中放射性核素的种类及含量进行检测分类,以便进行科学合理的处理处置。对于放射性固体废物常用的检测方法为γ射线测量和中子测量。对密度小的放射性废物的检测一般采用γ射线测量方法,对中高密度放射性废物的检测,通常用中子测量方法。废物分类测量采用γ射线和中子相结合的测量方法。     

放射性固体废物回取与整备处理示范设施

本项目的工程目标为建成一套放射性固体废物回取、分拣、预压实、分类检测专用设备,为我院现有固体废物的回取与整备处理及今后新产生固体废物的处理提供工程应用装置,并为核工业固体废物处理提供示范。     

2 放射性固体废物回取与整备处理示范设施

中国原子能科学研究院现有两座放射性废物暂存库109^#和149^#。109^#废物库已装满废物停运封存，149^#废物库即将装满废物等待处理。为此，我院计划建成一套放射性固体废物回取、分拣、预压实、分类检测专用设备，为现有固体废物的回取与整备及今后新产生固体废物的处理提供工程应用装置，并为核工业固体废物处理提供示范。示范设施工程包括：109^#废物库整治；109^#废物库废物回取设施建设；160^#废物预处理车问建设；199^#超级压实车间改造完善。2004年对该项目进行初步设计，由于新的初设方案较原批复的可行性研究方案变化较大，且概算已超出可行性研究概算的10％，设计单位重新进行了初步设计，预计于2004年12月25目完成。     

放射性废物信息化管理系统

根据我国放射性废物处理处置与管理工作的需求，结合我国当前放射性废物管理的实际情况，研究设计了我国放射性核废物信息管理数据结构，建立了基于计算机网络的桶装放射性废物信息自动跟踪管理系统。该系统可为主管部门和核设施提供有效的实时管理。与此同时，完成了桶装放射性废物非破坏γ分类快速检测装置研制。     

坑式废物库高水平放射性固体废物回取整备

某核技术利用废库（城市废物库）超期服役,设备老化,20世纪70年代因管理不规范而收贮的高放固体废物给周围环境带来极大的安全隐患,需尽快妥善回取、处置。中国原子能科学研究院放射性三废设施治理工程部根据现场实际工况,设计制订了利用“机器人-气帐”系统回取高放废物的工艺路线。通过现场污染水平和库坑“热点”检测分析,查找到了17号库坑内高放固体废物的具体位置。通过回取实施前的模拟验证试验工作,优化了回取的技术路线。采用远距离回取技术,成功地实施了高放固体废物的回取和包装整备工作。     

低能β核素污染废物分拣就地测量技术

建立一套放射性废物就地有效的测量办法是实现废物科学化和最小化管理的重要措施之一。核设施的运行及退役都会产生放射性废物,放射性废物中的不同核素给公众和环境会带来不同的危害。对不同的放射性核素加以区分测量可以对废物进行更为合理化的分类管理,就地γ分析测量技术和桶装α废物测量技术已日渐成熟,但是对放射性废物中纯β核素就地直接测量仍非常困难。以中国原子能科学研究院~(90)Sr污染物料为研究对象,对中国原子能科学研究院现有固体废物处理示范设施设计的技术路线进行优化设计,提出在线测量废物中~(90)Sr-~(90)Y放射性的技术方法,尽可能将一部分放射性废物分开和优化管理,实现废物分类和豁免废物的进一步筛选。     

桶装核废物层析γ扫描技术研究

层析γ扫描技术是桶装中低放核废物无损分析技术的主要分析方法,能够准确测量桶装容器内中、高密度非均匀核废物中的核素及其含量。本文综述了国内外桶装核废物层析γ扫描技术研究现状,简述国内现有研究基础和研究进展,并对层析γ扫描技术的发展趋势作了简要分析。提出了层析γ扫描技术研究发展方向和我国桶装核废物层析γ扫描技术面临的问题,并对所面临问题提出了相应的对策。     

核电厂放射性固体废物桶外γ测量重要影响因素的探讨

本文针对我国运行核电厂常用的两种桶外γ活度测量系统(整体γ射线测量系统(IGS)和分段γ射线测量系统(SGS)),阐述了桶装放射性固体废物的活度和密度分布不均匀条件下对测量系统探测效率和不确定度的影响。现场试验及蒙特卡罗模拟计算表明,桶外γ活度测量系统基本满足电厂桶装废物γ核素活度测量要求,活度分布和密度分布导致的测量结果不确定度分别在17%和20%之内;同时应正确认识桶外γ测量方法在桶装固体废物测量中的地位及作用,针对存在的问题,提出应制定废物桶活度桶外测量方法的技术规范、保证设备的工作环境和加强人员培训。     

The research about the time-effect of the wettability on the wool surface treated by the Ar plasma jet in the atmospheric pressure

A facility which is called atmospheric pressure and normal temperature plasma jet was introduced in this paper. After the wool surface was treated by this kind of facility with Ar in different irradiating times, the time-effect of the fabric wettability has been weakened, and if the parameters of the irradiating time and the voltage of the facility are appropriate, the time-effect of wettability can be effectively inhibited. With the stable wettability, the fabric can be dressed without PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) which can cause lager pollution in the textile field, so the method without the time-effect of the textile wettability will be useful in the field of clean textile production. Undoubtedly, the stable wettability of textile surface was caused by the stable hydrophilic molecules on the textile surface. Thus, the reaction process and results on the textile surface treated by plasma needs to be studied to optimize the parameters of the irradiating time and the voltage of the plasma jet. So the initial experimental studies on the optimization of the parameters of the plasma jet were discussed in this paper, and the authors believe that the method without the time-effect also can be used in other fields of plasma application.     

Effect of the Discharge Voltage on the Performance of the Hall Thruster

In this paper,a two-dimensional physical model is established according to the discharging process in the Hall thruster discharge channel using the particle-in-cell method.The influences of discharge voltage on the distributions of potential,ion radial flow,and discharge current are investigated in a fixed magnetic field configuration.It is found that,with the increase of discharge voltage,especially during 250-650 V,the ion radial flow and the collision frequency between ions and the wall are decreased,but the discharge current is increased.The electron temperature saturation is observed between 400-450 V and the maximal value decreases during this region.When the discharge voltage reaches 700 V,the potential distribution in the axis direction expands to the anode significantly,the ionization region becomes close to the anode,and the acceleration region grows longer.Besides,ion radial flow and the collision frequency between ions and the wall are also increased when the discharge voltage exceeds 650 V.     

Detecting the meteoroid by measuring the electromagnetic waves excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft

The electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between a hypervelocity meteoroid and a spacecraft is studied both numerically and theoretically. It is found that there are two kinds of electromagnetic pulse. The high-frequency electromagnetic pulse may be excited by the sum of all the electric dipoles. Each electron can be considered as an electric dipole. The low-frequency electromagnetic pulse is produced by the Langmuir oscillation of electrons. The energy flux density and the duration time of the excited low-frequency electromagnetic pulse by the meteoroid are also studied in the present paper. It is shown that the energy flux density increases as either the impact speed or the mass of the meteoroid increases. It is also shown that the duration time decreases as both the impact speed and the mass of the meteoroid increase. By measuring the strength and the duration time of the electromagnetic pulse excited by the collision between the hypervelocity meteoroid and spacecraft, we can estimate the speed and the mass of the hypervelocity meteoroid, which will be helpful in space flight and space exploration.     

右侧卧位对左室下壁心肌衰减校正价值的初探

为探讨右侧卧位对左室下壁心肌衰减校正和心梗诊断的价值,对31名正常者和22名冠心病病人同时进行了仰卧位和右侧卧位的^99mTc-MIBI静息心肌显像,病人均作了冠状动脉血管造影。观察正常者在不同体位时下壁形态并通过靶心图计算各区象素计数。判定不同体位各供血区病变诊断的敏感性和特异性。结果表明,右侧卧位时下壁形态显示较好而且计数明显增高,P＜0．05,同时对右冠状动脉病变的敏感性和特异性分别为100％和81．8％,较仰卧位明显提高,结果提示,右侧卧位不仅可使下壁衰减得以校正而且可提高对心梗诊断的准确性。     

Current status of the engineering design of the test modules for the IFMIF

Under Broader Approach (BA) Agreement between EURATOM and Japan, IFMIF/EVEDA (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility/Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities) has been performed since the middle of 2007. IFMIF presents three main facilities (the Accelerator Facility, Li Target Facility and Test Facilities). A previous design of IFMIF was summarized in the comprehensive design report [1]. The present EVEDA phase aims at producing a detailed, complete and fully integrated engineering design of IFMIF. The delivery of the “Intermediate IFMIF Engineering Design Report” is foreseen mid-2013. The goal of IFMIF is to obtain the indispensable design database to allow the design and licensing of DEMO and ensuring commercial reactors thanks to the materials data set obtained from planned evaluation tests such irradiations in high flux test modules (HFTM-vertical rig, HFTM-horizontal rig), medium flux test modules (creep fatigue test module, tritium release test module, liquid breeder validation module) and low flux test modules of IFMIF. In addition, the Startup Monitoring Module will be used for IFMIF commissioning. This paper is summarizing the overall current progress status of the engineering and conceptual design of the test modules in IFMIF/EVEDA.     

周期计设计中的分段处理问题

本文通过对反应堆周期计响应时间、过冲量及噪声问题的分析,探论周期测量和周期保护信号分别处理的必要性和可能性,目的在于改善周期信号的品质,提高周期计的使用效果。本文首次报道了差分型周期计的响应函数。     

EAST强流离子源电源系统的初步测试运行

测试NBI大功率强流离子源的综合测试台正在建设,已研制了离子源等离子体发生器电源系统、等离子体电极高压电源及梯度极分压器、抑制极负高压电源等电源系统,以及高压传输线及缓冲器,在测试台上开展了对EAST中性束注入器第一台兆瓦级强流离子源样机进行整体电源系统测试和离子源起弧放电的初步测试,完成了离子源电源系统初步性能测试及...     

Tectonic Factor in the Formation of the Radon Fields in the Atmosphere of the Tashkent Subway

Using the standard radiometers -GUARD PQ2000M and gamma-TRACER (Germany) and semiconductor spectrometers RATON (Uzbekistan), the radon fields were investigated in underground service enclosures and on the platforms of the Tashkent subway stations located on territories with different geotectonic characteristics. It is shown that the tectonic factor influences the formation of radon fields in the air in the subway station. 4 figures, 1 table, 7 references.