双环戊二烯连续加氢用镍基催化剂研究

制备了用于双环戊二烯(DCPD)固定床连续式加氢合成桥式四氢双环戊二烯的负载型Ni基催化剂。利用低温氮气吸附(BET)、X射线晶体衍射(XRD)以及程序升温还原(H2–TPR)等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Ni–Cu/γ–Al2O3催化剂具有更好的加氢活性和稳定性,Cu的加入可降低Ni O的还原温度,促进Ni O在载体表面的分散,有利于加氢活性的提高。此工作为筛选更适合DCPD固定床连续加氢催化剂提供理论和实验依据。     

Ce、Zr改性Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂对C3H6-SCR反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Ce、Zr改性Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,对其C_3H_6-SCR(选择性催化还原)反应性能进行了评价,研究了Ce、Zr的引入对Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂选择催化还原NO的影响,并采用X射线衍射、比表面积测量、扫描电子显微镜、NH_3-程序升温脱附(TPD)、H_2-程序升温还原(TPR)等表征手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征。结果表明:Ce、 Zr改性Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂C_3H_6-SCR反应中表现出较为优异的催化活性,最优配比的20%Mn-7%Ce-1%Zr/ZSM-5催化剂在200℃、30000h~(-1)的空速下,催化剂的最大脱硝效率达到87%,且操作温度窗口T50=150～380℃。活性组分Mn以MnO_2和Mn_2O_3形式存在,且与助剂Ce、Zr高度分散在催化剂表面,而且形成协同作用;催化剂表面的弱酸和中强酸和氧化还原性能的增强有利于C_3H_6-SCR低温催化活性的提高。     

W-Mo-Ni-Cr/Al2O3催化剂的表征及其加氢脱氮性能

采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温脱附(TPD)、程序升温还原(TPR)、红外光谱(IR)和气相色谱等技术,研究了Cr助剂对W-Mo-Ni/Al2O3催化剂的影响.结果表明,助剂Cr能有效改善催化剂中活性组分的分散状态,增加催化剂表面的B酸中心,可以提高催化剂的HDN反应活性.当催化剂中各原子比WMoNiCr=10.320.780.22、在氢分压1 MPa、反应温度180℃、反应时间1 h时,吡啶的单次转化率可达89%.     

催化剂的TPD表征

对采用常规还原和等离子体还原的两种Ni-Al2O3催化剂进行了程序升温脱附(TPD)表征。用气相色谱进行在线分析,得到了不同催化剂表面的H2-TPD和CO2-TPD谱图。谱图表明,等离子体还原的催化剂比常规还原催化剂对H2和CO2的吸附量更大,说明该催化剂中活性金属组分的分散度更好,催化剂表面的活性中心数目更多,更有利于甲烷二氧化碳催化重整反应的进行。对两种催化剂进行催化反应评价,其结果与TPD结果很好地吻合。     

Pd-Au分布状态对乙酸乙烯催化剂性能的影响

考察活性组份Pd-Au在载体上呈不同分布状态时对乙烯法乙酸乙烯催化剂动力学参数、反应活性与选择性、活性组份表面形貌以及程序升温还原TPR等方面的影响。通过对不同催化剂的研究发现，表层分布的蛋壳型催化剂其活性组份的表面分散性能更好，主反应活化能低，副反应活化能高，与蛋白型及均匀型催化剂相比，活性与选择性更高。TPR结果表明，非均匀分布催化剂有两个还原峰，而均匀分布催化剂只有一个还原峰。     

钛助剂引入方式对钴基费托合成催化剂性能的影响

在费托合成反应中,Ti通常起到助剂的作用,Ti的加入能够有效的改变催化剂的物理化学性质,进而改变催化剂费托合成反应的活性及选择性。本文研究了Ti的引入方式对钴基费托合成催化剂催化性能的影响。制备了Ti修饰载体Al2O3的钴基费托合成催化剂Co3/Ti-Al2O3和Ti修饰活性组分前驱体的钴基费托合成催化剂Co3-Ti/Al2O3,分别对其进行了FT-IR、BET、TG、XRD、TPR、TPD、TEM等表征,并研究了其费托催化性能。结果表明,以两种不同方式引入助剂钛后得到的两个催化剂Co3/Ti-Al2O3和Co3-Ti/Al2O3的选择性和活性情况基本一致。     

Fe对肉桂醛选择性加氢为肉桂醇的Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性研究

用XPS、TGDTA、XRD和TPR等表征技术,研究了Fe对Co/γ-Al2O3催化剂的改性作用。XPS研究表明:Fe的引入使Co在载体表面产生富集,Co在催化剂表层含量是未加Fe前的3倍;TGDTA分析表明,Fe对催化剂的热效应影响很小;XRD实验得出,Fe高度分散在钴催化剂之间,阻止Co3O4晶体增长,提高了Co的分散度;TPR结果显示,Fe使催化剂的还原温度向高温方向移动,说明Fe与催化剂Co存在相互作用。     

双金属RhAux/γ - Al203催化剂的CO催化氧化反应活性

采用超声辅助膜扩散法制备了双金属RhAu/γ- Al2O3催化剂(x=0、0.25、0.5、1.0、2.0和4.0),研究了该系列催化剂的CO催化氧化反应活性.采用程序升温还原(TPR)、X射线衍射(XRD)、原位DRIFTS和电子透射显微镜(TEM)等技术对催化剂的结构、形貌和物化性能进行了表征.结果表明,双金属Rh...     

有序介孔CuCoZr催化剂的制备及其催化合成气制乙醇及高级醇性能

改性费托合成催化剂(尤其是CuCo催化剂)在合成气制乙醇及高级醇反应中具有高的催化活性和总醇选择性,被认为是潜在的工业催化剂。采用蒸发诱导自组装(EISA)法和共沉淀(CP)法制备了一系列CuCoZr催化剂,考察了制备方法及EISA法制备的催化剂Cu/Co原子比对合成气制乙醇及高级醇性能的影响。采用N₂物理吸附-脱附、小角X射线衍射(XRD)、原位XRD、透射电镜(TEM)、H₂-程序升温还原(TPR)、CO-程序升温脱附(TPD)和原位红外漫反射光谱(DRIFT)对催化剂进行表征,分析了合成气在Cu/Co原子比为3∶1的Cu₃Co₁Zr催化剂表面的反应路径。结果表明,EISA法制备的Cu Co Zr催化剂为有序介孔结构,比表面积随Cu/Co原子比的增加先增大后减小,其中Cu₃Co₁Zr催化剂比表面积和CO吸附量均为最大,分别为143m²/g和0.33mmol/g,催化剂的Cu晶粒尺寸仅为9.1nm。在催化合成气制醇的反应中CO转化率...     

W-Mo-Ni-Cr/Al2O3催化剂的表征及其加氢脱氮性能研究

采用分步浸渍法制备了负载型W-Mo-Ni-Cr催化剂。并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、差热分析（TG/DTA）、氮气吸附（BET）、程序升温脱附（TPD）、程序升温还原（TPR）和红外光谱（IR）等方法对其进行表征。以吡啶为模型化合物进行了加氢脱氮活性试验，在反应温度180 ℃，反应时间1 h时，催化剂的催化性能最佳。实验条件下，吡啶的单次转化率可达88.5％。     

Fe3O4负载催化剂上双环戊二烯氢甲酰化

采用共沉淀法制备系列铁磁性氧化物负载的钴、铑及钴铑双金属催化剂。研究以三苯基膦改性的Co/Fe₃O₄、Rh/Fe₃O₄和Co-Rh/Fe₃O₄催化剂对双环戊二烯氢甲酰化合成三环癸烷二甲醛的催化性能,并对催化剂进行XRD、FT-IR和TPR等表征。结果表明,Co-Rh/Fe₃O₄催化剂对双环戊二烯氢甲酰化合成三环癸烷二甲醛具有最高的选择性。双环戊二烯氢甲酰化合成三环癸烷二甲醛的过程与反应压力、催化剂与双环戊二烯的质量比、反应温度和溶剂的种类有关。增加催化剂与双环戊二烯质量比和升高温度及压力有利于双环戊二烯的转化和三环癸烷二甲醛选择性,采用极性相对较小的溶剂有利于三环癸烷二甲醛的形成。催化剂重复使用5次,催化活性几乎不变。 在催化剂与双环戊二烯质量比为2∶15、Rh的负载量为1∶100、反应温度140 ℃、反应压力7 MPa和反应时间5 h条件下,双环戊二烯转化率达99%以上,三环癸烷二甲醛选择性达60%以上,进一步延长反应时间至12 h,三环癸烷二甲醛选择性超过90%。     

富氧条件下稀土修饰的Co/MOR催化剂上甲烷选择性催化还原一氧化氮性能

以丝光沸石分子筛(MOR)为载体,采用浸溃法制备以钴为主活性组分和稀土金属为催化剂助剂的M(1)Co(10)/MOR(M=La、Ce、Pr和Nd)系列催化剂,考察其在富氧条件下选择性催化还原NO的性能.采用XRD、热重-质谱连用系统和NH3-TPD等方法对催化剂进行表征.XRD结果表明,Co物种主要以Co3O4形式存在...     

Mesoporous ceria–zirconia–alumina nanocomposite-supported copper as a superior catalyst for simultaneous catalytic elimination of NO–CO

A series of transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ag) oxides supported on ceria–zirconia–alumina nanocomposite catalysts were prepared through wetness impregnation method. The catalytic performance of these catalysts were evaluated in the catalytic elimination of NO–CO. Activity results revealed supported copper catalyst gave the optimal catalytic activity, which was related to high dispersion of copper species (XRD and Raman), low-temperature reducibility (TPR), and more oxygen vacancies (DRS).     

长链烷烃（n-C10~13）脱氢制单烯烃催化剂的研究Ⅱ.Pt-Sn/MgAl2O4催化剂上C12脱氢反应行为

采用真空浸渍法制备Pt-Sn/MgAl₂O₄和Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂。对两种催化剂进行C₁₂脱氢催化性能评价比较,并使用BET、XRD、CO吸附、TPR、NH₃-TPD和TG等手段对催化剂进行表征。NH₃-TPD测定结果表明, Pt-Sn/MgAl₂O₄催化剂比Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂具有较弱的酸性。Pt-Sn/MgAl₂O₄催化剂的初始转化率(21.6%)比Pt-Sn/γ-Al₂O₃催化剂初始转化率(22.6%)低,但其单烯烃选择性(83.9%)比后者(73.6%)高。     

载体对镍催化剂催化间二硝基苯加氢制间苯二胺反应性能的影响

The hydrogenation of m-dinitrobenzene to m-phenylenediamine in liquid phase was studied with the nickel catalysts supported on SiO2, TiO2, γ-Al2O3, MgO and diatomite carders. Based on the experiments of X-ray diffraction （XRD）, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）, temperature-programmed reduction （TPR）, temperature-programmed desorption of hydrogen （H2-TPD） and activity evaluation, the physico-chemical and catalytic properties of the catalysts were investigated. Among the catalysts tested, the SiO2 supported nickel catalyst showed the highest activity and selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine, over which 97.3% m-dinitrobenzene conversion and 95.1% m-phenylenediamine yield were obtained at 373K under hydrogen pressure of 2.6MPa after reaction for 6 h when using ethanol as solvent. Although TiO2 and diatomite supported nickel catalysts also presented high activity, they had lower selectivity towards m-phenylenediamine. As for γ-Al2O3 and MgO supported catalysts were almost inactive for the object reaction. It was shown that both the activity and selectivity of the catalysts were strongly depended on the interaction between nickel and the support. The higher activities of Ni/SiO2, Ni/TiO2 and Ni/diatomite could be attributed to the weaker metal-support interaction, on which Ni species presented as crystallized Ni metal particles. On the other hand, there existed strong metal-support interaction in Ni/MgO and Ni γ-Al2O3, which causes these catalysts more difficult to be reduced and the availability of Ni active sites decreased, resulting in their low catalytic activity.     

Rh2O3/monoclinic CePO4 composite catalysts for N2O decomposition and CO oxidation

CePO_4(in particular,monoclinic CePO_4)has been rarely used to make supported catalysts.Herein,monoclinic CePO_4 nanoparticles were prepared by calcining hexagonal CePO_4 nanorods(prepared by precipitation)in air at 900℃.Monoclinic CePO_4 nanowires were prepared by calcining hexagonal CePO_4 nanowires(prepared by hydrothermal synthesis at 150℃)in air at 900℃.Both monoclinic CePO_4 materials were used to support Rh_2O_3 by impregnation using Rh(NO_3)_3 as a precursor(followed by calcination).The catalytic performance of Rh_2O_3/monoclinic CePO_4 composite materials in N_2O decomposition and CO oxidation was investigated.It was found that Rh_2O_3 supported on monoclinic CePO_4 nanowires was much more active than Rh_2O_3 supported on monoclinic CePO_4 nanoparticles.The stability of catalysts as a function of reaction time on stream was studied in both reactions.The influence of co-fed CO_2,O_2,and H_2O on the catalytic activity in N_2O decomposition was also studied.These catalysts were characterized by employing N_2 adsorption–desorption,ICP-OES,XRD,TEM,XPS,H_2-TPR,O_2-TPD,and CO_2-TPD.The correlation between physicochemical properties and catalytic properties was discussed.     

Catalytic reduction of NOx over transition-metal-containing MCM-41

The catalytic properties of Pt, Rh and Co supported on mesoporous molecular sieves with MCM-41-type structure consisting of SiO₂ and Al₂O₃ were studied for the reduction of NO with propene. Pt supported on siliceous MCM-41 was the most active catalyst, however, significant quantities of undesirable N₂O were formed during the reaction. Pt supported on mesoporous Al₂O₃ and Rh supported on both mesoporous oxides showed a lower activity, but an improved selectivity towards N₂ formation. Co supported on MCM-41-type materials had only a low level of activity for the reduction of NO with propene. For Pt supported on MCM-41-type materials only a minor decrease in the activity was observed when water vapor was added into the reactant gas mixture, while on Rh- and Co-containing catalysts the activity strongly decreased. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

A comparative study on the selective hydrogenation of α,β unsaturated aldehyde and ketone to unsaturated alcohols on Au supported catalysts

The hydrogenation of trans,4-phenyl,3-buten,2-one (benzalacetone) and trans,3-phenyl, propenal (cinnamaldehyde) was carried out on Au supported on iron oxides catalysts. Commercial goethite (FeOOH), maghemite (γFe₂O₃) and hematite (αFe₂O₃) were used as supports. The catalytic activity of Au/Fe₂O₃ reference catalyst, supplied by the World Gold Council, was also investigated. Gold catalysts and the parent supports were characterized by BET, X-ray diffraction (XRD), temperature programmed reduction (TPR), temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH₃-TPD) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM).Among the catalysts investigated Au supported on FeOOH shows the highest activity and selectivity to UA in the hydrogenation of unsaturated carbonyl compounds whereas Au supported on αFe₂O₃ are the less active and selective catalysts.The catalytic activity and selectivity to unsaturated alcohols (UA) in the hydrogenation of benzalacetone and cinnamaldehyde are less influenced by the morphology of gold particles and are mainly influenced by the nature of the support.A correlation between the reducibility of the catalysts and the activity and selectivity to UA has been found. Increasing the reducibility of the catalysts both the activity and selectivity to UA increase. These results let us to argue that active and selective sites are formed by negative gold particles formed through the electron transfer from the reduced support to the metal.     

载体制备方法对Ni催化剂催化间二硝基苯加氢反应的影响

以正硅酸乙酯为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法,分别经乙醇超临界干燥和常规干燥制得SiO2气凝胶和干凝胶载体,并以La2O3为助剂,通过浸渍法制备了用于间二硝基苯液相加氢制间苯二胺反应的镍基催化剂,通过BET、XRD、TPR、H2-TPD和活性评价等方法对催化剂的物化性质和催化性能进行了研究.结果表明,虽然以SiO2气凝胶为载体制备的二元镍基催化剂的镍晶粒的粒度较小,但由于金属镍烧结导致它表面存在的活性位相对较少,对反应组分的吸附强度较弱,致使其活性低于SiO2干凝胶负载的二元镍基催化剂.添加La2O3助剂的三元镍基催化剂的活性总体上比二元催化剂要高,其中以SiO2干凝胶为载体制备的三元催化剂具有较高的活性比表面积和适宜的吸附强度,对间二硝基苯加氢反应表现出很高的催化活性,在2.6 MPa、373 K下反应1 h后,间二硝基苯转化率可达97.0%、间苯二胺产率达93.1%.     

Catalytic oxidation of VOCs on Au/Ce-Ti-O

Ce_xTi_1−xO₂ oxides have been synthesised by sol–gel method with x varying from 0 to 0.3 and characterised by XRD and TPR. The structure of oxides changes with the Ce/Ti molar ratio. The presence of ceria in Ce-Ti oxides inhibits the phase transition from anatase to rutile. When x = 0.3 (Ce_0.3Ti_0.7O₂ sample), the solid presents an amorphous state. The TPR results indicate that the presence of Ti enhances the reducibility of cerium oxide species. Catalytic oxidation of propene is investigated on Ce-Ti oxides and the better conversion is obtained with Ce_0.3Ti_0.7O₂ but the CO₂ selectivity reaches 63% at 400 °C. Gold is then deposited on theses oxides to improve the catalytic activity. On the basis of characterisation data (H₂ TPR), it has been suggested that gold influences the reduction of the Ce-Ti oxide support and the catalytic activity to the propene oxidation. Thus, Au/Ce-Ti-O system catalysts are promising catalysts for propene oxidation.