山东霄云煤矿陷落柱突水治理实践

突水是矿山的主要灾害之一,矿井突水一般来势凶猛,常会在短时间内淹没坑道,给矿山生产带来危害,造成人员伤亡。在富水的岩溶水充水的矿区及顶底板有较厚高压含水层分布的矿山区,在构造破碎的地段,常易发生矿井突水。但只要查明水文地质条件,采取措施,矿井突水是可以预防和治理的。山东霄云煤矿1313工作面突水水量大,而工作面无钻孔,两顺槽掘进中发现的9条断层也不导水,判断不是钻孔、断层导水。突水事故发生后,通过水位、水温及水质化验分析,确定为奥灰水,导水通道为隐伏陷落柱。通过对突水点进行盖帽封堵、对突水通道进行注浆封堵,有效地封堵了过水通道,并满足了《煤矿防治水细则》的要求。     

Mine water utilization in the USSR National Economy

The paper briefly describes mine water utilization in the USSR. Mine water has been classified in accordance to it's pH value, degree of mineralization and composition. Water standards are described along with the consumers which require treated and untreated mine water. Usage of mine water in industry, underground coal mining, surface coal mining, coal preparation and agriculture are described. The economical contributions of mine water to the USSR national economy is also given.     

Application Overview of Membrane Separation Technology in Coal Mine Water Resources Treatment in Western China

Mine Water and the Environment - Treating mine water as a resource is the only way to alleviate water shortage and the environmental pollution issues generated at mining sites in areas of northern...     

数值模拟在煤矿涌水量计算中的应用

通过对东欢坨矿区北部补给区的分析,研究了该矿的涌水特征。根据不同水平涌水量特征,分析了地面降水、开采长度、开采深度和涌水量的关系,建立了数学模型。利用有限元差分计算,预测了该矿不同水平的涌水量,结果令人满意且真实可信,为今后的井下防治水工作提供了可靠的理论依据。     

Reliable Mine Water Technology

Mine planning, permitting and operation require reliable water technology in all its aspects: water inflow, water use, water disposal and discharge, and water impact. Mine water evaluations are relied upon by mining companies, mine regulators and the public to determine whether the mine is technically feasible, optimally designed, financially sound, socially acceptable, and environmentally benign. Review of the water management performance of mines world-wide indicates that the results obtained from mine water evaluations are frequently unreliable. The magnitude of error is often significant, and the direction of the error is usually to underestimate mine inflow, water usage, water contamination, water discharge, and/or environmental impacts. Examples of mine water evaluations where the results have proven to be unreliable were used to formulate and illustrate a set of general principles that should be applied to every mine water evaluation to ensure that the results reflect the full range of possible outcomes, with that range centered on the most likely outcome. Mine water evaluations performed using these principles can be demonstrably reliable, credible to all of the mine stakeholders, and improve the profitability, public acceptance, and environmental protection of mining projects.     

高潜水位矿区塌陷土地复垦效益估算研究

高潜水位矿区塌陷土地复垦效益是投资决策的重要依据之一,本文在祁东煤矿复垦项目调查的基础上,借鉴复垦效益评价文献,建立适宜高潜水位矿区塌陷土地复垦效益评价的指标体系,运用系统动力学(SD法),净现金流法,收益还原法和生态系统服务价值法等方法估算相关效益值,并以祁东煤矿复垦项目为例,对土地复垦效益进行评价,包括经济效益、生态效益和社会效益的评价,表明采用适宜的评价方法进行定量化研究其综合效益的可行性,明确塌陷土地复垦各利益相关方的效益值,对于土地复垦工作的推进具有重要的现实意义和应用价值。     

Mine water management and controls in an environmentally sensitive region

The paper outlines the Mine Water influx and water quality problems associated with underground coal mining in an environmental sensitive area of the south-east coast of Australia. As the study area has a number of water supply reservoirs, precautions associated with mining under large bodies of water are identified. The treatment and disposal of contaminated mine water in the Illawarra region is crucial to control effluent discharges within the desired limits.     

再论霍州老矿区保水开采可行性及水资源利用——以团柏矿为例

霍州矿区煤炭开采引起的岩溶水害与生态环境问题是山西煤炭资源与环境矛盾的缩影。从团柏井田水文地质条件分析入手,针对性地提出了保水开采技术方案,即先期对采空区涌水通过查通道、堵通道方式进行局部治理,大幅减小矿井涌水量,后期通过帷幕注浆截流的方式,截断开采涌水对郭庄泉奥灰水的袭夺通道,达到保水采煤的目标。最后对矿井现有排水的综合利用提出了见解,是对未来霍州老矿区实现煤炭资源绿色开采之路的一次思考和探索。     

薛湖煤矿矿井充水主控因素与矿井涌水量预测研究

河南薛湖煤矿在开采过程中受到了水害的影响,为了确保煤矿安全、高效生产,分析了矿井水文地质条件,研究了矿井冲水的主控因素,并对矿井涌水量进行预测计算。研究结果表明,薛湖煤矿矿区发育六大含水层（组）和三大隔水层（组）,煤系地层的二叠系砂岩裂隙含水层是危害矿井生产的主要含水层,随着生产的进行,顶板砂岩水多被疏干,对生产的安全不会造成很大的影响。二2主采煤层的直接充水水源为二叠系二2煤层顶板砂岩裂隙承压水,间接充水水源为二2煤层底板和奥陶系灰岩岩溶裂隙承压水,矿井的自身采空区积水是薛湖矿的充水水源之一。二2煤的导水途径主要有裂隙、断层和封闭不良钻孔3种,高角度正断层可能成为导水通道。越往深部开采水压将会越大,构造和裂隙的发育增加了底板水涌入矿井的危险。选取比拟法和稳定流解析法对采区矿井涌水量进行计算,比拟法计算的全矿井正常涌水量656 m 3/h、最大涌水量787 m 3/h比较符合近年来矿井充水的实际情况,可以作为下一步矿井开采的依据。但随着开采水平的不断延深,太灰岩溶水向矿井突水的概率也将大大提高,若出现短期内多点突水情况,将会超过比拟法预算的最大涌水量。     

矿井次生热能资源的利用方式研究

矿井是资源开发的场所,在矿井开采的过程中,伴随有矿井水和矿井回风的产生,由于地层蓄热作用,矿井下冬暖夏凉,矿井水和矿井回风是很好的可再生能源.水源热泵和空气源热泵是利用可再生能源的既节能又环保的制热制冷设备,利用它们既可代替燃煤锅炉为矿山生产、生活在冬季供热,也可在在夏季供冷.分析了燃煤锅炉供热存在的缺点和热泵系统供热的优点,论述了水源热泵和空气源热泵用于矿山供热的可行性,详细阐述了热泵运行的方式,并比较了热水系统的2种加热方式,为绿色矿山建设提供了新思路.     

极复杂水文地质条件下矿井堵源截流技术应用研究

平禹一矿水文地质类型为极复杂型,历史上多次发生灰岩承压水突水淹井和淹采区事故,矿井主采二₁煤层、二₃煤层,当前矿井总涌水量为2 000 m³/h。中央泵房排水能力3 300 m³/h,五采区中央泵房排水能力3 200 m³/h,中央泵房及五采区中央泵房均采用独立系统,井下水可分别直排地面。平禹一矿岩溶水补给量较大,疏水降压存在着排水量大、降压目标难以实现的困难,经研究论证,通过采取地面注浆和井下注浆的堵源截流技术,切断岩溶水进入矿井导水通道,可以完全或部分消除岩溶水对二₁煤层开采的威胁。经过Ⅰ期（2009—2010年）和Ⅱ期（2013—2014年）2次堵源截流工程施工,矿井涌水量显著减少,特别是Ⅱ期工程实施后,堵水效果明显。通过堵源截流技术在平禹一矿的应用,封堵了充水通道,减少了矿井排水量,降低了矿井生产成本,有效保护了地下水资源,同时保证了矿井带压开采的安全性,具有明显的经济和社会效益。     

深部开采构造型突水危险性数值模拟分析

本文以三山岛金矿为工程背景,利用FLAC3D数值软件建立矿井深部开采流-固耦合数值模型,采用房柱式交替向上充填采矿法,在模拟采动条件下,尤其是采场通过F3断层时,矿体、充填体内渗流场以及塑性区的演化过程,对矿井不同开采时段、不同开采区域的突水危险性进行分析.试验结果表明:①距离断层较远时(-825 m-1盘区),随着回...     

Influence of Organic Carbon Sources on Metal Removal from Mine Impacted Water Using Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Bioreactors in Cold Climates

Mine Water and the Environment - Acid mine drainage (AMD) is a major environmental challenge for the mining industry in northern climates. Laboratory-scale experiments were conducted to test...     

阜新矿区矿井水净化处理厂厂址优化

针对阜新矿区矿井水净化处理厂厂址选择问题,根据阜新市各矿区矿井水涌水量、地理条件、人口分布和工农业生产布局等特点,以矿井水净化处理费用最小为目标函数,采用最小费用法、多目标模糊优选模型方法,对矿井水净化处理厂厂址进行了优化。研究结果表明,在阜新矿区建立清河门矿、王营矿和海州矿三座矿井水净化处理厂为宜,艾友矿和五龙矿的矿井水应分别输送至清河门矿和王营矿的净水厂处理。     

深埋侏罗系煤层顶板水害源头防控关键技术

为解决目前蒙陕矿区深部侏罗系矿井采后采场落地水量大、煤水混杂,以及上部煤层距离强含水层较近,无法安全掘进与回采等一系列问题,提出了深埋侏罗系煤层顶板水害源头防控关键技术。应用沉积控水规律,分析了含(隔)水层在平面与剖面的空间展布规律与含水层富水性分布规律,在此基础上,针对煤层厚度变化较大、顶板含(隔)水层交互成层的特征,通过构建含有沉积环境影响指数、砂岩厚度、岩芯采取率、单位涌水量、渗透系数与导水裂隙带发育高度6个指标在内的评价指标体系,提出了符合深部侏罗系矿井水文地质特征的矿井涌(突)水风险分区评价方法,进而根据"断源截流、集中疏排、源头预防、超前治理"的防治水思路,提出了"上行开采低位截流"、"工作面单侧截流"、"工作面双侧截流"与"工作面方向调整截流"4种地下水截流治理模式,最后以蒙陕矿区的门克庆矿井和母杜柴登矿井进行实例分析。应用结果表明:①直罗组一段砂岩含水层主要为河道相沉积,砂体的空间连续性较好,是深部侏罗系矿井的主要充水含水层;②门克庆矿井首采区3~(-1)煤顶板涌(突)水危险区主要分布在研究区的南部,呈东西向条带状展布,与实际情况较为吻合;③根据门克庆矿井首采区涌(突)水危险性分布规律,应用了"工作面单侧截流"与"上行开采低位截流"两种治理模式并分析了其在实际工程中的应用效果。深部侏罗系矿井水害防治作为一个复杂的系统工程,以源头防控为重点的系统防治技术体系仍是深部侏罗系矿井水害防治需要重点攻关的研究方向。     

面向园区的煤矿矿井水利用产业链模式研究

矿井水是宝贵的非常规水资源。为了解决矿区及园区水资源短缺问题,提高矿井水的资源化利用效率,从“节约资源、市场运作、政策引导、社会共享”的总体要求出发,提出面向园区的煤矿矿井水利用产业链的内涵、特征、模式和政策建议,对矿井水资源丰富的矿区、开拓利用渠道、走向市场化和产业化、推进生态文明建设具有重要意义。     

Regulation of Mine Waters in the European Union: The Contribution of Scientific Research to Policy Development

A review of existing legislation in the light of recent major dam failures (Aznalcóllar, Spain, 1998; Baia Mare, 2000, Romania) highlights the need to develop appropriate regulations at the regional, national and European Union (EU) levels. Although mining incidents as a result of dam failures are very conspicuous, chronic problems related to waters from mining voids and tailings are also very significant. In that sense, though mine waters are an integral part of the water cycle, they are rarely regulated as such. Ongoing discussions with Member States and stakeholders are focusing on mining wastes rather than mine water. Regulating only mine waste handling facilities and ignoring the mine voids would in many cases miss the main long-term pollutant source. Planned changes in EU environmental legislation with regard to mining cannot be properly understood outside of worldwide developments in this area. Adequate management of applied scientific research initiatives and policy formulation is crucial to satisfactory outcomes at EU and global levels. At the EU level, this interface is exemplified by the nature and anticipated outcomes of two EU-funded research projects (ERMITE and PIRAMID). Ways in which policy-focused deliverables are being developed by these projects, which interface science, engineering, and policy, are highlighted. This review of EU legislation not only highlights the difficulty of clearly assigning liability for mining contamination, but also the dilemma between the promotion of sustainable development (through the EU environmental legislation) and the irreversible nature of the exploitation of mineral deposits.     

煤矿矿井水处理利用实用技术

矿井水是具有煤矿行业特点的废水,也是一种水资源.矿井水分为洁净矿井水、含悬浮物矿井水、高矿化度矿井水、酸性矿井水和特殊污染型矿井水.针对我国煤矿矿井水的水质特点,介绍了煤矿含悬浮物矿井水、高矿化度矿井水、含铁矿井水和含氟矿井水处理利用实用技术.     

岩溶充水煤矿床带水压开采优势分析

我国南方广泛分布岩溶充水煤矿床,矿山通常采用强排疏干开采,排水成本极高,更严重的是引发了诸多环境地质问题,造成了巨大的经济损失及恶劣的社会影响。湖南煤业集团辰溪矿业有限公司大坪煤矿为岩溶充水煤矿床,该矿在后期生产过程中,充分利用岩溶发育的不均一性,采取了砌筑水闸墙等措施进行井下堵水,使矿井排水量大幅度减少,地下水位得以区域性恢复,避免了岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害,成功实现了带水压开采。本文概述了大坪煤矿的水文地质、工程地质条件,研究了该矿矿床直接充水含水层的岩溶发育规律;从经济效益、环境效益及社会效益等方面分析了带水压开采的优势;对岩溶充水煤矿床科学、安全开采煤炭资源,建设"两型矿山"有一定指导意义。     

基于RFPA数值模拟的底板突水危险性评价

为解决杨村煤矿十采区下组煤开采受底板突水威胁问题,运用RFPA数值模拟软件对杨村煤矿十采区16上煤层开挖过程中的底板破坏规律进行了研究。通过建立符合实际条件的数值模型,计算出了煤层在分步开挖过程中底板受矿井压力作用影响下的破坏深度和发展规律。在此研究基础之上,利用考虑煤层底板破坏深度的突水系数法对研究区煤层开采过程中的底板突水危险性做出了合理评价,并将研究区划分为较危险区和危险区2个等级。该研究成果为杨村煤矿十采区16上煤层的安全开采提供了可靠依据,可以有效地指导采区开采过程中的底板水防治工作。