粘土防膨剂有效期影响因素试验研究

研究防膨剂有效期对油田开发和钻完井具有重要意义.参考聚合物驱、化学驱等有效期研究方法,确立防膨剂注入后,地层渗透率下降至初始渗透率60％作为失效临界点为有效期的方法.将渗透率、注入速度、防膨剂浓度、注入方式作为变量,设计动态驱替试验验证单一因素对有效期的影响.实验表明,注入速度不宜过慢,注入方式宜采用高浓度段塞式注入,...     

油田储层敏感性评价实验分析

对油田储层敏感性评价进行了实验分析通过敏感性实验结果表明,某油田储层无速敏,存在中等水敏特性,致使注水压力上升、渗透性降低。     

低渗透油田化学清洗防蜡技术探讨

针对最近几年油田开发的发展,以及各大油田企业对防蜡技术的高度重视,通过全面合理的分析低渗透油田防腊的具体特点,透切地了解各种防腊技术,且有针对性地对开发低渗透油田采用适合的防腊技术,争取以最少的成本投入产出最大的经济效益,从而实现双赢。     

纯梁滩坝砂油藏注水井防膨研究及应用

主针对纯梁滩坝砂油藏低孔、低渗、储层敏感性强,注水工作难度大,注入压力高、注入水不配伍、水敏等一直困扰着低渗滩坝砂油藏注水开发。为此采油厂围绕“做大滩坝”的工作目标,与地质院、采油院结合,开展了滩坝砂油藏防膨技术研究,并在樊147块、樊15l块和高890块应用实施,取得了显著的效果。     

低渗透油藏稳定注水研究与应用

本文针对特低渗油藏储层物性差,注水启动压力高,开展注入水配伍性研究,系统分析注水压力高的问题,优化转注井大型防膨技术,并进行现场实践,从注水效果、启动压力、压降情况看,取得了显著的效果,实现了特低渗油藏稳定注水。     

浅析低渗透油田储层保护技术

低渗透油田作为我国油气田开发的主战场已经是不争的事实,如何减少各个作业对油层的损害,提高低渗透油田的开发效益,对我国石油工业持续稳定发展具有至关重要的作用。在介绍低渗透油田开发特点的基础上,针对各个作业过程对储层的伤害特点,提出保护措施,为低渗透油田储层保护提供借鉴。     

人工井壁再造防泥砂工艺试验

文章分析了某油田地层出泥砂的原因及特点,介绍了人工井壁再造防泥砂工艺的原理以及施工工艺中各种材料的优选及参数的优化,验证了该工艺针对本油田出细粉状泥砂造成地层亏空、油井频繁检泵等问题的治理效果,为该油田出泥砂井治理探索了适宜的新工艺和新手段。     

模拟油田地层水环境中套管钢的结垢规律及防垢剂的选用

集输系统结垢制约了油田开采,注水管线形成的水垢增大了水流阻力和注水能耗,导致管线出现局部腐蚀。模拟油田地层水环境,研究了pH值、温度、盐含量、CO2分压对套管钢结垢规律的影响,并筛选了合适的阻垢剂以有效防止套管钢的破坏、失效。结果表明:套管钢的结垢速率随pH值增大、温度升高、CO2分压增大而增加,随盐含量增加而减小;具有防腐蚀、阻垢双重作用的阻垢剂能更有效地保护套管钢,减缓或避免其发生腐蚀和结垢。     

钢制管材在空调水系统中的选型及应用

阐述了空调水系统中几种常用钢管管材的应用范围和不同连接方式;分析了开式空调水系统和闭式空调水系统之间的区别,并结合不同的空调水处理方式给出了不同的空调水系统中推荐应用的钢管管材及其连接方式和几点应用原则。     

ZnO粉体在水中的分散及稳定性研究

目前对ZnO粉体分散性的研究,大多都基于ZnO固含量较小的情况,但悬浮液中固相含量不同,分散条件会有很大差异。本文中以聚丙烯酰胺和聚乙二醇20000为分散剂,利用沉降试验衡量浆料的稳定性,运用正交设计法研究了分散剂加入量、pH值、搅拌速度和搅拌时间等各项因素对制备稳定的固相含量较高的ZnO水悬浮液的影响,并对其机理进行分析。获得的制备固含量为20%ZnO水悬浮液的最优化配方为:(1)分散剂使用PEG20000时,加入量为0.5%,pH值为9,搅拌速度为200r/min,时间为0.5h;(2)分散剂使用聚丙烯酰胺时,加入量为0.01%,pH值为9,搅拌速度为200r/min,时间为1h。     

Evaluation of Operation Flexibility and Operation Selection in Multi-agent Based Production Scheduling

Based on the concept of operation flexibility, we study the relationship amongmultiple operation sequences and provide a flexibility measure for operation sequences. Acriterion is proposed to prioritize each operation (rather than sequence). Under the multi-agentarchitecture the criterion can be used to guide the decision-making procedure during produc-tion scheduling so that there is an adequate flexibility at each decision point. Experimentalresults demonstrate the efficiency of the criterion when it is used as a scheduling heuristic.It can increase flexibility of manufacturing systems, and consequently improve the per-formance of the systems.     

油田水中阴离子及温度对P110钢腐蚀电化学行为的协同影响

为了获得油田水中阴离子及温度对P110钢腐蚀行为影响的协同性,采用动电位极化、电化学阻抗谱及正交试验等方法研究了在不同条件下模拟油田水对P110钢腐蚀电化学行为的影响。结果表明:随HCO_3~-、Cl~-、S~(2-)浓度增大,P110钢在模拟溶液中的腐蚀倾向增大,腐蚀速率先增大后减小;试验条件下,低浓度的各离子均起到了协同促进作用;温度升高,腐蚀速率则先减小后增大,并影响了其腐蚀倾向;随着典型阴离子浓度增大,电荷传递电阻先减小后增大,P110钢的腐蚀活性也呈相同趋势,温度则相反;试验研究范围内,影响最大的因素是HCO_3~-浓度,其次是S~(2-)浓度,影响最小的是Cl~-浓度,且HCO_3~-浓度、S~(2-)浓度、温度之间的相互作用小。     

Evaluation of interfacial strength in CF/epoxies using FEM and in-situ experiments

A combined experimental and numerical study has been carried out in order to study the mechanism of initial failure in transversely loaded CF/epoxy composites. Two composites with a high and a low temperature-curing matrix were investigated. Three point bending experiments on macroscopic composite specimen with special laminate lay-ups were carried out in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The in-situ experiments allow observing the onset of microscopic composite failure under transverse loading and measurement of the macroscopic applied load at onset of failure. The experimental results show that interfacial failure was the dominating failure mechanism for both materials. For the same carbon fiber with the same treatment the interfacial failure was adhesive (weak interface) or cohesive (strong interface), depending on the matrix system. The interfacial stresses at initiation of failure were determined successfully by a non-linear micro/macro FE-analysis and compared with experimental results obtained from micro composite test. The results show that the interfacial normal strength (INS) governs failure under transverse loads.     

Evaluation of Aerodynamic Drag and Torque for External Tanks in Low Earth Orbit

A numerical procedure is described in which the aerodynamic drag and torque in low Earth orbit are calculated for a prototype Space Shuttle external tank and its components, the “LO2” and “LH2” tanks, carrying liquid oxygen and hydrogen, respectively, for any given angle of attack. Calculations assume the hypersonic limit of free molecular flow theory. Each shell of revolution is assumed to be described by a series of parametric equations for their respective contours. It is discretized into circular cross sections perpendicular to the axis of revolution, which yield a series of ellipses when projected according to the given angle of attack. The drag profile, that is, the projection of the entire shell is approximated by the convex envelope of those ellipses. The area of the drag profile, that is, the drag area, and its center of area moment, that is, the drag center, are then calculated and permit determination of the drag vector and the eccentricity vector from the center of gravity of the shell to the drag center. The aerodynamic torque is obtained as the cross product of those vectors. The tanks are assumed to be either evacuated or pressurized with a uniform internal gas distribution: dynamic shifting of the tank center of mass due to residual propellant sloshing is not considered.     

低铬钢上缓蚀剂的缓蚀行为及其与腐蚀产物膜的协同作用

缓蚀剂被广泛应用于防止油气生产工业中CO2的腐蚀。利用极化曲线和交流阻抗技术对3种缓蚀剂在低铬钢光洁表面和预腐蚀产物膜上的缓蚀行为进行了初步研究。结果表明,含S缓蚀剂在低铬钢基体表面和预腐蚀产物膜上都有较好的缓蚀性能;小分子缓蚀剂和预腐蚀产物膜之间具有较好的协同作用。     

碳钢及低合金钢海水耐蚀性综合评价

为了分析研究碳钢和低合金钢在海洋环境中的腐蚀行为和规律 ,综合评价材料的耐蚀性能 ,对 1 9种碳钢和低合金钢进行 1、8、1 6a长周期实海暴露挂片试验。采用“极值”统计方法的Gumbel第一类近似函数对一次局部腐蚀数据进行极值概率处理 ,校准局部腐蚀量。将材料的平均腐蚀量和局部腐蚀量进行组合 ,以此综合评价 1 9种钢的耐海水腐蚀性能     

肉类工业低温冷水制备自动控制系统

本系统以丹佛斯公司的综合控制器EKC361为中央处理器,通过EVM、CVQ调节主阀PM3使卧式蒸发器冷媒温度随着PM3的开启度的调节变化而变化,从而精确的控制温度,温度可以控制到0～2℃.并且氨系统能够安全可靠的稳定运行.