SBR工艺对垃圾渗滤液处理的实验研究

采用SBR工艺处理垃圾填埋场早期的垃圾渗滤液,在保证好氧10 h,缺氧4 h的情况下,研究了不同的运行方式对有机物的去除效果,得出结果是:最佳运行方式为缺氧1 h+好氧3 h+缺氧2 h+好氧4 h+缺氧1 h+好氧3 h,COD和NH3-N的平均进水为3 508 mg/L和154 mg/L,平均出水为245 mg/L和15.1 mg/L,平均去除率达到93.0%和90.2%.     

MBBR工艺处理炼油污水运行分析

长岭分公司含盐污水处理装置采用移动床生物膜反应器(MBBR)工艺处理炼油污水,对COD、氨氮的平均去除率分别高达57%、72%。且去除效果受来水水质波动影响较小,当来水COD浓度在450～900mg/L波动时,MBBR池出水COD维持在250mg/L左右;来水氨氮浓度在25～60mg/L波动时,MBBR池出水氨氮维持在12mg/L左右,出水水质稳定,抗冲击能力较强。但MBBR在运行过程中,也存在填料流失、填料堆积、挂膜不足等问题,为进一步提升MBBR工艺运行效果,提出了相应的优化措施:在MBBR池进水口处适当增加营养盐以及优质碳源,促进微生物的正常生长和繁殖,从而改善挂膜难问题;风机出口管线上增设控制阀门,提升MBBR池溶解氧控制能力,控制曝气量,避免过大或过小的曝气强度,减少生物填料因强烈撞击、旋转而导致破碎和生物膜脱落;增加对MBBR池填料生物膜的镜检项目,及时了解MBBR池挂膜情况并做出及时调整;加快隔网缝隙的调整,避免跑漏流失进一步增多。     

某生活污水处理陶瓷平板膜MBR工艺实验研究

通过陶瓷平板膜MBR工艺对生活污水进行处理,在来水COD在204.5～269.16mg/L,氨氮在21.95～36.24mg/L,总氮在41.4～52.99mg/L,总磷在4.05～5.41mg/L的情况下,考察膜通量和出水满足一级A排放标准相关设计参数。出水通量逐渐增大至26L/m²·h,跨膜压差逐渐增大。在好氧池停留时间6.5h,缺氧池停留时间2h情况下,出水COD、氨氮、总氮基本能够稳定在一级A范围内,污泥负荷为：0.076kgBOD/(kgMLVSS·d),反硝化速率为0.038 kgNO₃-N/(kgMLSS·d),出水总磷难以达标,需要辅助化学除磷。     

基于氨氮的低曝气控制策略与应用效果分析

北京某市政污水厂采用基于氨氮的曝气控制策略,设定好氧池末端氨氮在1.0～2.5mg/L之间。在不加碳源、超设计水量负荷的情况下,好氧池末端氨氮日均值实际控制在0.15～2.78mg/L之间,总出水氨氮日均值最高为0.46mg/L。进水TN平均为51.0mg/L,出水TN平均值达到8.37mg/L,缺氧池出现反硝化吸磷反应,实现了高效脱氮除磷和低能耗运行。     

混凝-过滤工艺处理洗车废水实验研究

采用混凝-过滤组合工艺对洗车废水进行了实验研究,讨论了混凝剂(PAC)投加量、助凝剂(PAM)投加量、静止时间、滤柱过滤速度及膜过滤的操作压力等因素对浊度、氨氮、COD及LAS等4种污染物去除率的影响。实验结果表明混凝-过滤组合工艺处理洗车废水的最佳参数为:混凝剂(PAC)投加量为330mg/L、助凝剂(PAM)投加量为2.5mg/L、最佳静止时间为10min、滤柱最佳滤速为4m/h及膜过滤的操作压力为0.12MPa。并且经过该工艺处理后浊度、氨氮、COD及LAS的出水含量分别为1.5/NTU、2.46mg/L、18.49mg/L及0.15mg/L。     

两级SFBBR工艺处理过氧化二异丙苯污水试验研究

过氧化二异丙苯生产过程中,会产生大量的强碱性、高盐、高COD的污水,这种污水是一种具有代表性的高含盐难处理的有机化工污水。介绍了洛阳技术研发中心开发的一种过氧化二异丙苯污水的好氧流化床生物膜反应器处理工艺,采用好氧流化床生物膜反应器及其工艺,对某化工厂过氧化二异丙苯生产装置排放的污水进行了侧线试验研究。试验结果显示,污水盐含量对微生物繁殖有抑制作用,SFBBR对TDS浓度小于35000mg/L的DCP污水处理效果较好,用两级SFBBR工艺,在不脱盐、不稀释直接进行生物处理的条件下,在进水COD为1200～2800mg/L,pH值为7左右,反应温度为20～40℃,TDS为15000～40000mg/L,进气量为3m~3/h的操作条件下,经一级好氧SFBBR处理后,污水COD为200～600mg/L,经二级SFBBR处理后,污水COD小于200mg/L,COD总去除率达91%,生化反应时间由180h缩短至61h,COD平均容积负荷提高约2倍,处理效率明显优于现有处理工艺,处理后污水可满足预处理要求。     

UBF-接触氧化法处理高浓度印染废水的试验研究

探讨上流式厌氧复合床反应器（UBF）-生物接触氧化法处理高浓度印染废水的试验效果。结果表明：进水COD1500mg／L、色度600倍的印染废水。在厌氧段停留26h,可使得COD的去除率在25％以上,色度降到80倍以下,在好氧段曝气14h,COD总去除率可迭85％,色度降至50倍。     

油田采出水处理中试试验

中试试验采用预吸附→厌氧水解酸化→三级生物接触氧化→吸附→分离组合工艺,以此工艺建立实验装置,利用活性焦为吸附剂,处理经过联合站后的油田采出水。试验结果表明,当进水COD为358.7589.2mg/L、回流比为0.10.2、好氧池曝气量的气水比为5.1∶1,吸附池投加新活性焦的比例为1.5kg/t时,组合工艺对经联合站处理后的采出水COD的去除率达到91%,出水COD的均值为41.34mg/L,出水水质能够达到一级A的排放标准。     

某高校中水回用的可行性试验研究

受某高校基建处的委托 ,采用一体式膜生物反应器工艺对该校的洗浴污水进行回用试验研究。结果表明 ,该工艺出水水质COD <2 5mg/L ,NH3 -N <1 5mg/L ,BOD5<1 0mg/L ,浊度 <0 3NTU ,无臭无色。出水符合建设部颁布的《生活杂用水回用水质标准》。通过连续曝气和间歇出水 ,膜通量稳定     

MBR工艺在含油废水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器(Membrane Bio-Reactor,简称MBR)处理工艺是在真空泵和产水泵的抽吸作用下,利用膜箱上的中空纤维,对生化池的悬浮混合液进行固液分离;利用膜的选择透过性产水,在生化池中实现生物富集,生物处理效率大幅提高。截留的活性污泥以300%～400%的回流比回流至生化缺氧池,膜箱内设有曝气装置,既能对膜进行气水振荡清洗,保持膜表面清洁,又能继续在该段提供好氧微生物降解所需的氧气。该工艺具有高效的固液分离作用,出水中悬浮物等固体杂质含量很低;反应器污泥浓度高、容积负荷高,系统产泥量少;反应器内生物种群丰富,污染物去除效率高;系统采用模块化设计,占地面积小,操作简单,易于扩展,可实现全程的自动化控制。以MBR与A/O(缺氧/好氧)组合工艺为对象,研究其运行特性及维护要点。应用结果表明,在工艺控制平稳情况下,MBR处理效果明显优于A/O工艺,处理后的污水能够直接回用,或进一步深度处理后回用。     

炼油厂含油污水处理装置的优化措施

大庆石化炼油厂第一净化水车间含油污水处理装置存在隔油单元隔油效率低、一级A/O生化单元中A池缺氧反硝化作用低,以及二级A/O污泥有机负荷低引起的出水悬浮物高等问题。利用两次大检修机会,对这些问题进行整改治理：将隔油罐出水虹吸管由原来距罐底0.8m抬高至1.5m,延长油泥沉降时间,同时加装油泥监测管,随时监测罐内油泥高度,及时排泥,避免油泥夹带;将一级A/O生化单元鼓风搅拌改为液下搅拌器搅拌,降低溶解氧含量,提高缺氧反硝化作用;采用跨线的方式,将一级A/O生化单元进水部分（约15m3/h）分配给二级A/O生化单元,提高二级A/O生化单元进水有机物含量,改善二级A/O生化单元的污泥生化效果;加大二沉池剩余污泥的排放量,避免沉淀污泥在二沉池中发生反硝化反应产生氮气,引起污泥上浮。实施以上优化措施后,装置外排污水COD逐渐降低,综合合格率逐年提高,由2010年开工初期的90.9%提高到2012年的99.4%。     

DO对A／O一体式复合池生物除磷性能的影响

通过考察太原经济开发区污水厂运行情况,分析了该厂A／O一体式复合池的生物除磷性能及溶解氧对生物除磷的影响。结果表明：在进水TP月平均浓度为3．06mg／L～9．86mg／L的条件下,复合池对TP的平均去除率为38．22％,高于一般活性污泥法20％-30％的去除率,但出水TP月平均浓度为1．67mg／L～5．54mg／L,要实现一级A排放标准还需深度单元作补充处理;控制缺氧段DO为0．2mg／L～0．5mg／L、好氧段DO为2mg／L时,可以兼顾同步脱氮除磷的需求。     

Biohydrogen production from dual digestion pretreatment of poultry slaughterhouse sludge by anaerobic self-fermentation

Poultry slaughterhouse sludge from chicken processing wastewater treatment plant was tested for their suitability as a substrate and inoculum source for fermentation hydrogen production. Dual digestion of poultry slaughterhouse sludge was employed to produce hydrogen by batch anaerobic self-fermentation without any extra-seeds. The sludge (5% TS) was dual digested by aerobic thermophilic digestion at 55 °C with the varying retention time before using as substrate in anaerobic self-fermentation. The best digestion time for enriching hydrogen-producing seeds was 48 h as it completely repressed methanogenic activity and gave the maximum hydrogen yield of 136.9 mL H₂/g TS with a hydrogen production rate of 2.56 mL H₂/L/h. The hydrogen production of treated sludge at 48 h (136.9 mL H₂/g TS) was 15 times higher than that of the raw sludge (8.83 mL H₂/g TS). With this fermentation process, tCOD value in the activated sludge could be reduced up to 30%.     

农村生活与生产综合污水生物处理的A/O工艺启动策略与特性研究

为实现新时期各类典型性农村综合污水的治理,选择了一种农村生活与生产综合污水作为研究对象,研究了利用兼氧/好氧(A/O)工艺处理农村生活和生产综合污水的启动过程。结果表明：采用逐步递增生产废水和污泥接种培养的启动策略能够实现处理工艺的快速启动;pH、化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH₄⁺-N)、总磷(TP)以及色度在启动过程中各阶段的变化情况的分析结果表明,A/O工艺能够通过兼氧池和好氧池的协同配合达到理想的污水处理效果。     

运行方式对膜生物反应器处理生活污水影响的试验研究

采用模拟的生活污水,调节适当的pH值,MLSS控制在4~5g/L之间,在常温条件下,试验研究连续曝气和间歇曝气两种运行方式对有机物和氨氮的去除效果以及对膜污染的影响。从处理效果和处理能力上综合考虑间歇曝气的可行性。试验结果表明:合理的间歇时间能提高膜生物反应器对有机物和氨氮的去除效果。在不同运行条件下,膜过滤阻力在系统运行初期没有明显的差异,只是在运行后期,间歇曝气的膜过滤阻力才出现明显的上升。     

Impact of the microbial inoculum source on pre-treatment efficiency for fermentative H2 production from glycerol

Hydrogen (H₂) production by dark fermentation can be performed from a wide variety of microbial inoculum sources, which are generally pre-treated to eliminate the activity of H₂-consuming species and/or enrich the microbial community with H₂-producing bacteria. This paper aims to study the impact of the microbial inoculum source on pre-treatment behavior, with a special focus on microbial community changes. Two inocula (aerobic and anaerobic sludge) and two pre-treatments (aeration and heat shock) were investigated using glycerol as substrate during a continuous operation. Our results show that the inoculum source significantly affected the pre-treatment efficiency. In aerobic sludge no pre-treatment is necessary, while in anaerobic sludge the heat pre-treatment increased H₂ production but aeration caused unstable H₂ production. In addition, biokinetic control was key in Clostridium selection as dominant species in all microbial communities. Lower and unstable H₂ production were associated with a higher relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae family members. Our results allow a better understanding of H₂ production in continuous systems and how the microbial community is affected. This provides key information for efficient selection of operating conditions for future applications.     

污水处理场MBR膜通量下降原因及缓解措施

中国石化海南炼油化工有限公司的污水处理场采用了MBR工艺处理其炼油污水,设计处理能力为450m3/h.进入2008年以后,MBR膜在运行中出现膜通量下降较快的问题,造成实际生产能力不到设计值的1/2.通过分析,造成膜通量下降的原因为:系统中污泥龄较长,污泥颗粒细小,沉降性能差,容易形成生物黏泥；进水油含量超标以及吹扫风带油,造成油类污染；反洗频次较高,而且反洗水质得不到保证;系统膜组件的抖动风设计不合理,风量供应不均,风孔有堵塞现象；现场操作不当,导致膜丝间积存大量活性污泥,缠裹膜丝.采取了有针对性的措施:缩短污泥龄,降低活性污泥对膜的粘附性;调整清洗方案及药剂,采用1％氢氧化钠和0.3％次氯酸钠对膜件进行离线化学清洗；提高膜区风量,改进膜件底部的布气设施;优化工艺操作,控制进水油含量和吹扫风带油；加强溶气浮选的运行控制以及现场操作.措施实施后,MBR系统处理量由2006～2009年的180～220m3/h提高到2012年的140～160m3/h,跨膜压差控制在35～55kPa,膜通量的下降幅度远远低于前措施实施前,出水水质保持稳定.     

好氧颗粒污泥反应器水动力学研究进展

综述了好氧颗粒污泥反应器内水动力剪切力对好氧颗粒污泥形成及结构的影响,并从其对污泥EPS的影响的相关机理进行了深入的讨论,同时,对目前国内外主要颗粒污泥反应器水动力学研究方法进行了归纳总结,针对CFD、PVI技术,从颗粒污泥反应器内生化过程与水动力学问关系角度对相关研究进行了展望.     

Comparing the performance of microbial fuel cell with mechanical aeration and photosynthetic aeration in the cathode chamber

In this study, the cathode chamber of the microbial fuel cell (MFC) was aerated using the photosynthetic aeration method and was compared with the mechanical aeration method in terms of power generation. Light energy for photosynthetic aeration was supplied in different regimes. The dissolved oxygen of 8.0–9.0 mg/L in the cathode chamber under mechanical aeration was increased to 10.0–11.0 mg/L under photosynthetic aeration of continuous light supply. The maximum power density obtained in the mechanical aeration was increased by 34.5% when photosynthetic aeration employed. Also, the algal assisted cathodic reaction under photosynthetic aeration reduced the internal resistance of the cell by 13.7%. To simulate with natural sun lighting conditions, 12/12 h of dark/light regime was tested to observe the stability of the MFC. During the light phase, microalgae carried out photosynthesis and provided the oxygen required for the cathodic reaction while in the dark phase, the voltage in the cell dropped due to the respiration by microalgae. The dissolved oxygen level dropped to 6.5–7.5 mg/L during the dark phase. Cathode chamber was also operated under 32/32 h of light/dark regime to observe the voltage variation under longer cycles. A higher voltage drop was observed in 32/32 h light/dark regime, as compared with 12/12 h of light/dark regime. Biomass productivity of 0.58 g/L/day was achieved in the MFC conducted under continuous light. It was reduced to 0.51, and 0.39 g/L/day under 12/12 h, and 32/32 h of light/dark regimes, respectively. The results suggested that photosynthetic aeration has the potential to achieve better power generation in the cell than mechanical aeration with an additional advantage of simultaneous microalgal biomass production.