增材制造结合熔模铸造制备亚毫米级金属点阵微结构的工艺研究

基于增材制造方法,采用光固化成形工艺,结合熔模铸造工艺制备出亚毫米直径桁架的金属点阵结构.首先对光固化成形工艺进行优化,最佳工艺参数为50μm的单层厚度条件下,单层固化时间4.52 s,采用优化后的光固化成形工艺制备出树脂基点阵结构,将其嵌入到熔模基体中,加热将树脂材料升华,形成支柱直径为750μm的孔隙模具,分别采用...     

金属激光熔丝增材制造工艺的研究进展

激光熔丝因其生产成本低、沉积速率高且可制备大型金属构件的特点受到了越来越多的关注,但其在成型稳定性控制和组织改善等工艺方面仍存在很多挑战。阐述了近年来国内外在激光熔丝工艺优化方面取得的主要研究成果以及有待进一步深入研究的方向。     

增材制造可降解金属医用植入物

增材制造技术由于其高精度、高自由度等特点,可赋予医用金属植入物定制化的宏观与微观结构,使植入物与患者待修复缺损部位实现更好的生物力学适配,满足临床治疗个性化方案的需求,并为医用金属植入物的制造提供新途径.可降解金属目前是医用金属的研究热点,增材制造可降解金属医用植入物是个新方向,本文重点对增材制造镁基、锌基、铁基可降解...     

电沉积增材制造微镍柱的工艺研究

目的 探究电沉积工艺参数对无掩模定域性增材制造微镍柱的微观形貌、直径和沉积速率的影响.方法 采用尖锥形铂丝作为阳极、铜板作为阴极,电镀液从阳极和导流腔之间的微缝隙以射流方式流到阴极表面,电化学沉积增材制造微镍柱.采用体视显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对镍柱微观结构进行检测.通过单因素试验研究极间电压和初始极间距对微镍柱微观形貌...     

激光增材制造难熔金属研究进展

难熔金属由于具有优异的综合性能而广泛应用于航空航天、装备制造、核工业及生物医疗等领域。但是由于高熔点及高韧脆转变温度的特点,尚存在加工制造困难、生产周期长、对设备要求高等问题,从而限制了其应用与发展。激光增材制造是近年来新兴的数字化制造技术之一,为制造和加工难熔金属提供了新的发展思路。本文重点介绍了近年来激光增材制造难熔金属的热点领域,包括钨及钨基重合金、纯钼及钼硅硼合金、铌硅及铌钛合金和多孔钽,对尚存在的问题进行了总结,最后对激光增材制造难熔金属未来的发展方向进行了展望。     

多孔金属激光增材制造研究进展

激光增材制造技术具有柔性化程度高、适应性强、材料利用率高、近净成形等特点,被广泛的应用于兼具功能和结构作用的多孔金属的制备。多孔金属激光增材制造技术按孔形成机制的不同可分为直接成孔法、添加造孔剂法以及结构设计成孔法。在介绍多孔金属激光增材制造国内外研究现状的基础上,指出各制备工艺的特点,并展望了多孔金属激光增材制造技术的发展趋势。     

金属激光增材制造材料设计研究进展

激光增材制造被公认为是解决个性化、复杂化金属构件整体成形难题的有效技术手段。现有金属增材制造的研究主要从传统合金牌号出发,但基于平衡凝固过程设计的传统合金成分难以满足增材制造的非平衡冶金动力学特点,往往面临高裂纹敏感性、低韧低疲劳、各向异性等共性问题。因此,需要开展面向激光增材制造的新型材料成分设计研究,充分挖掘增材制造非平衡凝固特性的潜在优势与价值。本文综述了铝合金、钛合金、铁基合金、镁合金等不同材料现有合金牌号增材制造的技术瓶颈,以及面向增材制造的材料创新设计方法与新型合金及其复合材料发展的研究进展。最后提出了金属增材制造材料设计的未来发展趋势。     

电弧增材制造金属点阵结构研究进展

金属点阵结构是一种轻质多功能结构,具有高比强度、高比刚度、抗爆吸能、减振降噪等优势,在飞行器、船舶、车辆、建筑等领域具有广泛的应用前景。然而,迄今为止点阵结构件的应用规模仍然十分有限,主要原因是受到制造技术的严重制约。电弧增材制造技术因其离散堆积的成形特点有望实现点阵复杂结构的一体化高效低成本制造。综合分析了电弧增材制造金属空间杆结构与点阵结构的研究现状,从制造原理、成形工艺与方法、制造特点等方面进行论述,并归纳了现阶段各研究机构对于金属点阵电弧增材制造的研究进展。最后介绍了电弧增材造金属点阵结构存在的掣肘,重点分析了现有电弧增材制造在点阵制造与成形控制方面的研究进展与不足,指出了未来电弧增材制造金属点阵结构的主要发展方向。     

激光选区熔化增材制造金属零件精度优化工艺分析

由于金属熔点高、易氧化、易受热变形等因素,直接增材制造高精度功能性金属零件十分困难。研究了影响金属零件激光选区熔化直接成型零件精度的关键工艺因素,重点分析了粉末粘附、飞溅现象、翘曲变形现象的成因及对成型精度的影响机理。结合成型工艺实验,从扫描路径规划、含氧量控制及支撑设计等方面提出了弱化这些现象对成型精度的影响的方案。最后通过工艺方案优化,直接成型了一个具有较高精度的复杂齿轮零件,测量结果表明,该零件尺寸精度最高可达到±0.05 mm/10 mm,表面粗糙度最高可达到Rz 25.3μm的金属零件。     

电弧增材制造工艺及数值仿真研究进展

对电弧增材制造的工作原理、基本概念及取得的成果与进展进行综述。论述了电弧增材制造的工艺参数对增材件力学性能的影响;总结了电弧增材构件的成形性、微观组织等特点;概述了数值模拟在电弧增材中的应用,以及仿真模型中不同工艺参数对其温度场与应力场的影响规律;对电弧增材制造未来的发展做出总结展望。     

微小齿轮模具的微细电火花线切割加工研究

介绍了微细电火花线切割加工微小齿轮模具的方法，其关键技术包括：晶体管可控微能量RC脉冲电源、间隙放电状态检测系统、基于压电陶瓷电机驱动的精密伺服机构和偏开路加工控制策略。使用微细电火花线切割加工机可一次切割出厚度为1mm、模数为0．04和厚度为3、5mm、模数为0．1的微小齿轮模具，表明由微细电火花线切割加工出的微小齿轮模具能满足微成形加工的技术要求。     

Manufacturing of micro thin-walled metal parts by micro-droplet deposition

Metal micro-droplet deposition manufacturing technique is a novel direct metal rapid prototyping for building the miniaturized parts. In this paper, the novel direct metal rapid prototyping was proposed to fabricate micro thin-walled metal parts. A direct droplet fabrication experimental system was developed based on the forming principle of micro-droplet deposition manufacture. Several deposition experiments were conducted to investigate the influences of process parameters on the formed wall thickness and deposition accuracy of droplets. The experimental results show that the proper deposition distance Hs for obtaining high deposition accuracy of droplet ranges from 1 mm to 20 mm; the formed wall thickness W can be controlled by selecting different nozzle diameters D and formed angle of deposited droplet θ. According to the experiment results, a micro thin-walled structure with wall thickness of 400 μm was fabricated by adjusting the process parameters. The above research works show that it is feasible to fabricate the micro thin-walled metal parts by micro-droplet deposition manufacturing technique.     

Machining of micro rotational parts by wire electrical discharge grinding

Micro rotational parts are used in several industrial sectors. Well-known applications are micro shafts of gears, ejector pins in forming tools, pin electrodes for micro electrical discharge drilling or micro stamping dies. Depending on the geometrical complexity of micro rotational parts different process variants of micro electrical discharge machining characterized by a rotating work piece can be used: wire electrical discharge grinding (WEDG) with fine wire electrodes, electrical discharge turning (EDT) with micro structured tool electrode, cylindrical electrical discharge grinding (CEDG) with micro profiled disk electrode. Characteristic to these process variants is the superimposed relative motion between the rotating electrodes and the feed. This relative motion can be varied in a wide circumferential velocity range to improve the material removal process. The paper gives an overview of kinematic and technological restrictions and requirements of the WEDG process influencing the process behavior with respect to the technological requirements of micromachining.     

The foundations of a new approach to additive manufacturing: Characteristics of free space metal deposition

In this paper, we report on the realisation of a free space deposition process (FSD). For the first time the use of a moving support structure to deposit tracks of metal starting from a substrate and extending into free space is characterised. The ability to write metal shapes in free space has wide ranging applications in additive manufacturing and rapid prototyping where the tracks can be layered to build overhanging features without the use of fixed support structures (such as is used in selective laser melting (SLM) and stereo lithography (SLA)). We demonstrate and perform a preliminary characterisation of the process in which a soldering iron was used to deposit lead free solder tracks. The factors affecting the stability of tracks and the effect of operating parameters, temperature, velocity, initial track starting diameter and starting volume were measured. A series of 10 tracks at each setting were compared with a control group of tracks; the track width, taper and variation between tracks were compared. Notable results in free space track deposition were that the initial track diameter and volume affected the repeatability and quality of tracks. The standard deviation of mean track width of tracks from the constrained initial diameter group were half that of the unconstrained group. The amount of material fed to the soldering iron before commencing deposition affected the taper of tracks. At an initial volume of 7 mm³ and an initial track diameter of 0.8 mm, none of the ten tracks deposited broke or showed taper > ∼1°. The maximum deposition velocity for free space track deposition using lead-free solder was limited to 1.5 mm s⁻¹.     

Hybrid additive manufacturing of metal laminated forming tools

Deep drawing dies are manufactured using metal sheets. Laser metal deposition is used for bonding the sheets and smoothening the edges. The strength and surface finish of the dies are the key challenges. Milling, roller burnishing, and laser treatment are applied as post-processing for improving the surface finish. A semi-analytical model is developed for selecting the sheet combination for sufficient strength. The new rapid prototyping process offers high flexibility for complex die geometries. The evaluation by deep drawing experiments using DC06 and high-strength HC380LA blanks revealed the feasibility of the new manufacturing routes regarding deep drawability and surface finish.     

Wire based additive layer manufacturing: Comparison of microstructure and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components fabricated by laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition

The microstructure and the mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4V components, fabricated by two different wire based additive layer manufacturing techniques, namely laser-beam deposition and shaped metal deposition, are presented. Both techniques resulted in dense components with lamellar α/β microstructure. Large ultimate tensile strength values between 900 and 1000 MPa were observed. The strain at failure strongly depends on the orientation, where highest values up to 19% were obtained in direction of the building direction. Heat treatment increased the highest strain at failure up to 22%. The fatigue limit was observed to be higher than 770 MPa.     

田口-灰关联法应用于Inconel 718微放电铣削参数最佳化(英文)

应用田口-灰关联法对Inconel 718微放电铣削多重质量特性如电极消耗率、材料去除率和扩口量进行最佳化,分析放电电流、脉冲时间、休止时间和极间间隙对加工Inconel 718之电极消耗率、材料去除率和扩口量的影响。实验结果表明,以最佳微放电铣削参数进行加工,其电极消耗率由5.6×10-9mm3/min降低到5.2×10-9mm3/min,材料去除率由0.47×10-8mm3/min增加到1.68×10-8mm3/min,扩口量由1.27μm降低到1.19μm。研究结果显示,应用田口-灰关联法,可以改善微放电铣削多重质量特性。     

钛/铝异种金属冷金属过渡增材制造

采用TC4和ER2319焊丝直流/变极性冷金属过渡实现异种金属电弧增材制造,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、能谱、硬度试验、纳米压痕以及拉伸试验等方法对钛/铝构件界面组织特征与力学性能进行分析.结果表明,在钛合金表面堆积铝合金时,只有少量的钛合金熔化,钛原子扩散到液态铝合金中,形成不同长度的TiAl₃金属间化合物.10 μm左右的反应层在钛/铝界面形成.邻近钛侧的反应层均匀连续,靠近铝合金一侧的反应层呈现长条状或块状.界面反应层的显微硬度介于钛合金和铝合金显微硬度之间.构件的最高抗拉强度为111 MPa.     

等离子弧增材制造双金属交织结构微观组织及力学性能

以18Ni高强钢和高氮奥氏体不锈钢为丝材,采用等离子弧增材制造高强钢-高氮钢双金属交织结构,通过对高强钢-高氮钢双金属交织结构的微观组织观察、显微硬度及抗拉强度等力学性能试验研究了双金属交织结构的组织转变特征及其与力学性能关系.结果表明,在高氮钢区域显微组织主要为奥氏体等轴晶及树枝晶,高强钢区域为板条状马氏体.高强钢区...     

Challenges in drop-on-drop deposition of reactive molten nylon materials for additive manufacturing

An inkjet-based additive manufacturing process must overcome a variety of challenges including uniform layer fabrication, especially when the process involves deposition of multiple materials in each layer. Research is being conducted into a novel process to synthesise nylon 6 via inkjet printing of two reactive mixtures consisting of molten caprolactam with an activator and a catalyst. Jettability of the materials has been reported while this paper presents the results of drop-on-drop deposition of the molten materials. Droplet/surface interactions, formation and stability of beads, droplet placement accuracy and drop-on-drop mixing are reported. Results show that although spreading occurred during impingement, the first five droplets produced a bulge at the start of the bead. The bead was then observed to be uniform with further droplet impingement on heated and cold surfaces. However, it did not retain the stability on a heated surface and bulges and ridges developed within a second. Drop-on-drop placement was not accurate when using the catalyst mixture. This was because the undissolved catalyst complex (in form of microcrystals) agglomerated and it was possibly this that disturbed the meniscus at the nozzle and led to a jet trajectory error. Repeated drop-on-drop deposition confirmed that the impingement kinetics provided mixing which is crucial to produce nylon.