红细胞自身抗体的检测及结果分析

目的分析红细胞自身抗体阳性患者的临床诊断,探讨红细胞自身抗体的临床意义。方法采用微柱凝胶抗球蛋白试验,筛检和鉴定患者红细胞血型不规则抗体,根据抗体是否凝集其自身红细胞,鉴别同种抗体或自身抗体;对鉴定存在红细胞自身抗体的患者,进行红细胞直接抗球蛋白试验,并分析其临床诊断。结果在46000名检测红细胞血型不规则抗体的患者中,检出23名红细胞自身抗体阳性,其中红细胞直接抗球蛋白试验阳性者13名。在23名红细胞自身抗体阳性者中,临床诊断为自身免疫溶血性疾病6名,系统性红斑狼疮5名,Evans综合征2名,自身免疫性肝炎2名,药物性急性自身免疫溶血性贫血1名,过敏性紫癜性肾炎1名,Ⅰ型糖尿病酮症酸中毒1名,溃疡性结肠炎1名,4名未检出与自身免疫相关。结论红细胞自身抗体可出现于多种自身免疫性疾病或与自身免疫相关疾病患者的血浆中,检测红细胞自身抗体对自身免疫性疾病的诊断及治疗有参考意义。     

Life of refractories made of Tal'skiy magnesite

Conclusions Magnesite brick made of Tal'skiy magnesite serves somewhat better than standard magnesite brick and can be used for lining open-hearth furnaces.Magnesite brick with the addition of scale and chrome-magnesite brick made from Tal'skiy magnesite serve just as well as the corresponding refractories from the Satka material, and can be used to line the walls of open-hearth furnaces.Magnesite-chrome brick made with Tal'skiy magnesite serves just as well as standard magnesite-chrome brick and can be used to line the roofs of open-hearth furnaces.Metallurgical powder made from Tal'skiy magnesite serves just as well as Satka magnesite powder and can be used both as a weld-on and as a servicing material for open-hearth furnace hearths.Tal'skiy magnesite of the experimental type is an industrial raw material for making high-grade magnesian refractories.     

寄生虫低温保存的研究现状

传统的寄生虫保存方法有体外培养和动物转种,这些方法操作繁琐,成本较高,而且易发生遗传漂变、人为差错或混淆等问题。低温保存寄生虫可克服传统保存方法的弊端,并可保持寄生虫原有的生物学特性。本文就低温保存寄生虫的种类及主要影响因素作一综述,为寄生虫低温保存的研究提供参考。     

离子液体在纳米材料合成中的应用

室温离子液体（ionic liquids, ILs）作为一种新型的绿色环保溶剂,由于其特殊的功能化结构及热稳定性好、挥发度低和溶解能力强等特点,目前被广泛应用于纳米材料的制备领域。本文重点介绍了离子液体在纳米材料制备中的应用及相关研究的最新进展,结合一些示例对本领域进行了概述,其中包括离子液体作为溶剂,例如作为反应介质和稳定剂;模板剂,例如利用离子液体的微结构（胶束和囊泡、液晶凝胶、乳液和微乳液）作为纳米材料合成中的模板和软模板;反应物,例如作为反应中的还原剂和反应组分;以及离子液体微乳液在纳米材料制备中的特殊用法进行了总结,并讨论了离子液体在快速发展的纳米材料制备领域中的存在挑战和机遇。     

《化工粉体工程设计通用规范》编制情况简要

阐述了<化工粉体工程设计通用规范>的编制过程,着重介绍了本规范编制工作是围绕节能、环保、循环经济、技术创新等重要国策,包含了尽量减少占地、节水、灰渣综合利用,以及对原料和成品质量及数量加强监察等内容,对工程总承包、涉外工程也有相应规定.     

电有机合成3,5-二溴水杨醛缩丝氨酸过渡金属配合物的研究

研究了3,5-二溴水杨醛缩丝氨酸过渡金属配合物的绿色电化学合成工艺。以3,5-二溴水杨醛及丝氨酸为原料,无水乙醇为溶剂,合成3,5-二溴水杨醛缩丝氨酸席夫碱。以席夫碱为原料,分别以金属铜、镍、锌片等为阳极,铂片为阴极,乙腈为溶剂,季铵盐为电解质,通入直流电电解,获得了3,5-二溴水杨醛缩丝氨酸席夫碱铜(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)配合物,同时利用正交实验优化了配合物电化学合成工艺条件。利用红外光谱、紫外光谱、热分析等手段对过渡金属配合物进行结构表征,结果表明达到了预期的合成目的。     

用磷石膏还原制备硫化钙的研究

介绍了利用磷石膏作为主要原料、煤作为还原剂的条件下,经还原焙烧制备硫化钙的过程.对影响磷石膏中硫酸钙还原率的因素,如磷石膏与无烟煤的质量比、物料细度、焙烧温度及焙烧时间等,进行了研究,得到了磷石膏用无烟煤还原制备硫化钙的优化条件.     

溶剂型丙烯酸酯类胶粘剂的制备

研究了用多种丙烯酸酯类单体制备溶剂型胶粘剂的试验方法。确定了以2--EHA、丙烯酸丁酯作为胶粘剂主单体,以甲基丙烯酸甲酯、醋酸乙烯酯和萜烯树脂作为改性单体,以四氯化碳和乙酸乙酯作为主要溶剂的最佳胶粘剂配方和聚合工艺。     

HIV抗体确认试剂国家参考品的建立

目的建立评价HIV抗体确认试剂的国家参考品。方法从我国部分地区收集HIV感染者或可疑感染者以及非HIV感染者血浆样品,并对其进行HIV抗体、核酸以及抗体条带等检测,从中筛选出有代表性的样品组成参考品,用4家不同的HIV抗体确认试剂进行检测和标化。结果共筛选出27份样品组成HIV抗体确认试剂参考品,其中10份为HIV抗体确认阳性参考品,12份为HIV抗体确认阴性参考品,5份为HIV抗体不确定参考品。用4家不同的HIV抗体确认试剂标化12次,10份HIV抗体确认阳性参考品均检测为确认阳性;5份不确定参考品均检测为确认阳性或不确定,无检测为阴性者;12份阴性参考品10次均检测为确认阴性。结论该参考品可用于评价HIV抗体确证试剂的质量。     

双子表面活性剂有序聚集体的形成

综述了gemini(双子)表面活性剂的分子结构以及溶液的浓度、温度、pH值和反离子等因素对gemini表面活性剂聚集行为的影响。通过调整以上因素可以有目的地调控gemini表面活性剂有序聚集体的形成。这些有序聚集体不仅在生产和生活中有重要应用,而且与生命活动中的一系列现象密切相关,受到各个领域科学家的广泛重视。尽管gemini表面活性剂所形成的各种聚集体已经得到了广泛证实,但对形成的机理和实际应用的研究仍比较薄弱。     

Optimization of Propellant Binders – Part Two: Macroscopic Investgation of the Mechanical Properties of Polymers

The development of new propellant binder systems requires the thermodynamic calculation of physico‐chemical data as well as the adaption of the mechanical properties in order to achieve a reliable innerballistic profile of the resulting propellant. Therefore, this study focuses on the mechanical properties of a binder system comprising GAP, NC as well as the energetic plasticizer DNDA and the curing agent Desmodur N100. By applying statistical methods, the mechanical properties of the binder can be predicted as a function of its composition. A macroscopic analysis of the interrelations between the E‐modulus, the ultimate tensile strength as well as the elongation at break and the specific deformation energy lead to the creation of failure master curves, which can be used as a rule of thumb criterion for the formulation of propellant binders.     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯乳液共聚动力学研究

为了合成适于药物包衣用的甲基丙烯酸甲酯-丙烯酸乙酯(MMA-EA)共聚物胶乳,对以非离子型乳化剂OP-10为乳化剂、过硫酸钾为引发剂的MMA-EA乳液共聚动力学进行了研究。发现初期共聚速率随着乳化剂浓度、引发剂浓度和聚合温度的增加而增大,这是由于共聚物乳胶粒子平均粒径随着乳化剂、引发剂浓度和聚合温度的增加而减小,乳胶粒子数目增加所致。通过调节乳化剂、引发剂以及反应温度可以达到合适的聚合反应速率,最终合成出转化率大于95%的MMA-EA共聚乳液。     

Study of the effect of reaction variables on grafting of polyacrylamide onto chitosan

Summary The biopolymer chitosan was chemically modified by grafting polyacrylamide in a homogeneous aqueous phase by using potassium persulfate as redox initiator system and in the presence of N,N-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The percentage of grafting was found to depend on the relative amount of monomer to chitosan, initiator and volume of the aqueous phase as well as the reaction temperature. By using optimized combinations of the reaction variables a grafting efficiency up to 88% and a percentage of grafting of nearly 220% were reached. Evidence of grafting was obtained from comparison of FTIR of the grafted and nongrafted chitosan as well as solubility characteristics of the products. Received: 24 August 2001/Revised version: 7 January 2002/ Accepted: 10 January 2002     

固体废弃物应用于橡胶的研究进展

将固体废弃物应用于橡胶制备废弃物/橡胶复合材料是资源循环、环境保护、拓展橡胶应用领域的有效方法。本文综述了多种固体废弃物在橡胶中的应用,包括工业废弃物、农业废弃物和生活废弃物,对增强废弃物与橡胶基体两相结合力所采取的多种方法以及对废弃物/橡胶复合材料应用于汽车、建筑、降噪、电磁波屏蔽、油田废水治理、食品包装等多个领域进行了归纳,指出固体废弃物在橡胶应用中存在的问题,认为在固体废弃物及橡胶基体的选择、废弃物在橡胶基体中的分散性、废弃物与橡胶基体的相容性和反应性等研究方面具有一定的挑战和广阔的发展空间。     

第6代百日咳疫苗效力国家标准品的建立

目的建立第6代百日咳疫苗效力国家标准品。方法选用百日咳菌株(沪64-21),发酵罐培养,收获的百日咳菌液经脱毒灭活后,分装冻干,作为备选品,按《中国药典》三部(2010版)进行无菌试验、血清学试验、水分含量及百日咳特异性毒性检测。以WHO标准品PWIS和中国百日咳疫苗效力国家标准品3号、5号为标准,经5个实验室进行协作标定,并考察其效力稳定性。结果该备选标准品的各项检测指标均符合国家标准品的规定;经协作标定45次,分别以国家标准品3号、5号和WHO标准品为标准进行量值溯源,标定结果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);最终合并效价为13 IU/ml(95%CI=12.23～13.26 IU/ml);保存期内标准品的效力稳定。结论该备选标准品各项指标均符合要求,可作为新的第6代百日咳疫苗效力国家标准品使用。     

氯化物对乙烯三聚合制1-己烯的影响

选择了多种氯化物作促进剂进行乙烯三聚合制1-己烯,考察了氯化物的氯原子数目、空间效应、对称结构对聚合的影响以及用卤代芳香族化合物作促进剂时的聚合规律。结果表明,含有偶效氯原子、具有对称结构的卤代烷烃有较高的反应活性;以卤代芳香族化合物为促进剂时,乙烯三聚合活性及催化剂效率较高,1-己烯选择性在86％以上。     

A variable-density model of the pipeline flow of suspensions

The turbulent flow of suspensions of fine solid particles in liquids is analyzed by assuming that the suspensions behave essentially as variable-density single phase fluids. Friction factors are found to depend upon the distribution of solid particles within the conduit as well as the Reynolds number of the flow. Comparison of the model with experimental measurements indicates that as long as turbulent suspension of solid particles occurs, the model is a useful alternative to the empirical Durand equation for pipeline design.     

神经降压素的固相合成工艺研究

神经降压素是由13个氨基酸残基组成的生物活性多肽,具有多重生理功能,且高活性、作用快速,可作为潜在的安定药、镇痛药和降压药等,具有广阔的应用前景。本研究主要进行了神经降压素固相合成的工艺研究。以Fmoc保护的氨基酸为原料,Wang树脂为载体,按照神经降压素的氨基酸序列,从C端向N端进行合成。考察了缩合试剂、脱保护试剂、脱出树脂等条件对合成效果的影响,确定了合成工艺:以二氯甲烷(DCM)为反应溶剂,O-苯并三氮唑-N,N,N′,N′-四甲基脲四氟硼酸酯(TBTU)/1-羟基苯并三氮唑(HOBT)/N,N-二异丙基乙胺(DIEA)为缩合体系,采用(三氟乙酸(TFA)/H2O/甲基苯基硫醚(thioanisole)/Phenol/乙二硫醇(EDT)体系,体积比为82∶5∶5∶6∶2的下树脂条件,2倍过量保护氨基酸进行缩合反应,反应时间为3h。反应结果使神经降压素粗品的收率达61.8%,纯度达46%。     

粉煤灰泡沫玻璃的性能研究

以粉煤灰和废平板玻璃为基础原料,以发泡剂、助熔剂、稳泡剂为辅助原料,用粉末烧结法制备了泡沫玻璃。通过对样品有关性能的检测,分析了影响泡沫玻璃质量的工艺因素。     

Synthesis and characterization of copolymers of styrene andN-methylolacrylamide

Copolymers of styrene (ST) and N-methylolacrylamide (NMA) were synthesized by emulsion polymerization for different initial weight ratios of ST/NMA. Fast reaction rates and high conversions are achieved regardless of the ST/NMA ratio. NMA content in copolymers, as deduced by DSC, FTIR and Kjeldhal analysis, is higher as the initial ST/NMA ratio decreases. Glass transition temperature of copolymers increases as the ST/NMA ratio decreases and it decreases with reaction time for a fixed ST/NMA ratio. The latter results and FTIR spectra as well as Kjeldhal analysis as a function of reaction time indicate that NMA reacts initially in the aqueous phase, after which ST, because of its overall larger concentration, is incorporated preferentially in the polymer.