甲烷在高比表面积活性炭上吸附性能的研究

以中温沥青作为粘结剂,研究了石油焦基高比表面积活性炭的成型工艺对其甲烷吸附性能的影响。结果发现：随着粘结剂添加量的增大,成型活性炭对甲烷的质量吸附量逐渐减小,而体积吸附量差别不大;成型压力对成型活性炭的甲烷吸附性能没有明显影响;随着活化温度的提高和活化时间的延长,成型活性炭对甲烷的质量吸附量逐渐增多,而体积吸附量的变化不大;添加粘结剂沥青38％、88℃下炭化1．0hr后于88℃下活化1．5hr所得的高比表面积成型活性炭在299K、3．5MPa下对于甲烷的体积吸附量为170V／V,5．5MPa下的体积吸附量为237V／V。     

富纳米孔炭质吸附剂的制备及其吸附天然气的性能研究

以石油焦为原料 ,在m(KOH)∶m(C) =2∶1的条件下 ,以KOH为主活化剂 ,以H2 O作为活化助剂 ,制备出富含纳米孔的天然气吸附剂。实验得到的预活化条件是 :m (KOH)∶m(C) =2∶1;m(H2 O)∶m(C) =1∶1,32 0℃保持 4 0min ,然后升温至 35 0℃保持 10min。活化条件是 :8℃ /min的升温速度 ,升温至 82 0℃保持 90min后 ,降温至 30 0℃后取料。结果表明 ,按此条件得到的产品微孔 (1～ 2nm)率可达 90 %以上 ,产品的质量吸附量在 2 0℃、3 5MPa下达到 13 8%。     

膨润土／活性炭复合吸附剂对土霉素的吸附性能研究

研究了一定条件下低品位钙基膨润土／活性炭复合吸附剂对土霉素废水的吸附作用。结果表明：活化温度在140℃、pH=6.5时复合吸附剂对土霉素最大吸附容量为21．78mg／g，明显大于原土的14．16mg／g，讨论并合理地解释了影响吸附的因素，适宜条件下对吸附剂多次再生，最大吸附容量仍可达到21mg／g以上。     

石油焦基高比表面积活性炭的制备

以石油焦为原料，采用KOH化学活化法考察了破炭比、活化温度、保温时间以及原料粘度对活性炭吸附性能的影响。结果表明：以石油焦为原料可制得比表面积大于3200m2／g的高比表面积活性炭。这种活性炭的碘吸附量、亚甲基蓝吸附量和苯吸附量为常规活性炭的2～4倍．且孔径分布窄，孔容大。     

壳聚糖改性膨润土吸附剂的研制及其吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖对活化后的膨润土进行改性，制备了一种新型的金属离子吸附剂。红外光谱表明其改性是活化的膨润土对带正电的壳聚糖产生键合而完成的。电镜照片显示吸附剂粒径范围50～80μm，壳聚糖能较均匀负载于膨润土表面。BET测定其比表面为15．2m^2／g。吸附实验结果表明，制备的壳聚糖膨润土(简称Bent-CTS)对Ni^2 、Pb^2 在溶液pH分别为6．5、6．0时吸附效果最好，其饱和吸附量分别为1.87、1．99mmol／g，吸附行为符合Langmuir与Freundlich吸附等温式，多次再生吸附容量基本不变。     

槐木活性炭吸附Pb2+工艺的响应面法优化

低成本高效活性炭吸附剂在废水处理中起着至关重要的作用。可再生的树枝是制备高效吸附剂的“零”成本原料。以刺槐树枝为原料，采用水蒸气活化法制备槐树活性炭。为最大化提高活性炭的利用率，以吸附量为指标，采用响应面法优化槐木活性炭吸附Pb²⁺工艺。结果表明：3 cm×8 cm左右槐树枝段，在110℃下干燥3天后在600℃恒温炭化60 min的槐木炭，再在650℃下恒温活化80 min，水蒸气流量为30 g·h^-1，制得槐木活性炭。其对Pb(NO₃)₂吸附的最佳工艺：吸附温度29.8℃、吸附时间64.1 min和料液比1.1 mL·g^-1。该条件下吸附量预测值为137.9 mg·g^-1,3个因素的显著性由大到小依次为：料液比、吸附温度、吸附时间。验证性实验表明：吸附量平均值为135.0 mg·g^-1，与预测值的相对误差为2.10%，实验值与模型预测值拟合性良好。     

天然沸石吸附剂的除铅性能研究

天然佛石经活化后，对废水中的Pb(2+)有较强的吸附作用。结果表明，吸附剂504用量10g／LH2O，吸附120分钟．为适宜的反应条件。当Pb(2+)浓度为207mg／L时，吸附率可达99．5％，吸附容量为32．03mg／g且较好地符合Freundlich吸附等温式：Q＝5．56C1.84。     

固定化Ani—HBsAg单克隆抗体及其含HBsAg血清体外吸附评价

以壳聚糖微球为载体，经环氧氯丙烷活化后固定Anti-HBsAg单克隆抗体。活化条件是：环氧氯丙烷用量0.3mL/g，活化温度45℃，活化时间4h,c(NaOH)=2mol/L ,固定化温度3℃，固定化时间24h，活化壳聚糖与单克隆抗体的联率为17．8％，患者血清体外吸附实验结果表明，该吸附剂可吸附除去30％－50％致病抗体，血清由阳性转为阴性。     

添加FeCl3改性污泥活性炭吸附Cu2+研究

以城市污水厂污泥为原料,以氯化锌为活化剂,添加FeCl3改性制备活性炭,用以吸附模拟废水中的Cu^2＋离子。研究表明：最佳制备条件是活化温度700℃,ZnCl3浓度5mol／L,活化时间60min和FeCl3添加量10%,其污泥炭样品多点BET比表面积为163．853m^2／g,平均孔半径为5．28nm。污泥活性炭吸附最优操作条件为温度20℃,pH值为6．0,Cu^2＋初始浓度越高,吸附量越大,在Cu^2＋初始浓度388．064mg／L下的吸附量可达20．6mg／g。通过BET比表面积测试,活性炭表面积为163．85m^2／g。     

活性炭纤维填充床脱除水中苯酚及填充床的再生

采用活性炭纤维吸附法净化水中微量的苯酚。在25℃、30℃和35℃下,实验测定活性炭纤维吸附苯酚的吸附平衡等温线,该吸附等温线符合Langmuir型,最大饱和吸附容量达0．26kg(苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在25℃下;0．25kg(苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在30℃下;0．239kg(苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在35℃下。水溶液的pH值将影响吸附容量,在碱性条件下吸附容量显著下降,这将有利于吸附剂的再生。苯酚在活性炭纤维填充床的穿透曲线被测量,在5％突破点处的动态吸附容量为0．14kg(苯酚)／kg(活性炭纤维)在25℃下。采用40℃、5％NaOH溶液再生被苯酚饱和的活性炭纤维填充床,再生后吸附效率达90％以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。