间苯二甲酸酯Gemini表面活性剂的合成及性能

N,N-二甲基乙醇胺与间苯二甲酰氯反应获得二(N,N-二甲基胺基乙基)间苯二甲酸酯,再分别与溴代正十二烷和溴代正十六烷制得两种含酯基Gemini阳离子表面活性剂(C12-O-C12、C16-O-C16)。采用IR、1 H NMR、元素分析表征了其结构。测定了其临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为6.91×10-4 mol/L、7.07×10-5 mol/L;平衡表面张力(γCMC)分别为41.9 mN/m、40.8 mN/m;Krafft点分别为0℃、43℃。并研究了其乳化性、泡沫性质等。     

由六氟丙烯二聚体合成阳离子表面活性剂及其性能

以六氟丙烯二聚体和,N,N-二甲基丙二胺为主要原料,合成了N,N-二甲基N′-(2-三氟甲基-1-五氟乙基)全氟烯丙基丙二胺(Ⅰ),然后通过季铵化反应制得溴化[N,N-二甲基-N-乙基-N′-(2-三氟甲基-1-五氟乙基)全氟烯丙基氨丙基]铵(Ⅱ)阳离子表面活性剂。利用碱性溴酚蓝方法对季铵盐阳离子进行了定性测定,并通过红外光谱和19FNMR、1HNMR对其分子结构进行了表征。性能测试结果表明,该阳离子表面活性剂的表面张力为24．5 mN／m(20℃),其临界胶束浓度为2．04×10-3mol/L,克拉夫特点低于0℃,具有良好的水溶稳定性。     

季铵盐双子表面活性剂的合成和表面活性

以吗啉和溴代烷为原料,合成了两种季铵盐双子表面活性剂(m-6-m,m=10,12),并用IR和1HNMR表征了其结构。测得28℃时,12-6-12和10-6-10的表面张力(γCMC)分别为26.45 mN/m和25.55 mN/m;临界胶束浓度(CMC)分别为1.0 mmol/L和3.1 mmol/L;pC20值分别为3.48和3.03;比表面过剩(Γmax)分别为2.72×10-6mol/m2和2.80×10-6mol/m2;分子最小截面积(Amin)分别为0.611 nm2和0.593 nm2。结果表明,该季铵盐双子表面活性剂与相同离子头基及烷基链的单季铵盐表面活性剂相比,CMC低一个数量级,γCMC相差不大。     

一种季铵盐氟表面活性剂的制备及其表面活性

以环氧六氟丙烷二聚物和N,N-二乙基丙二胺为原料,经酰胺化和季铵化反应,制备了N,N-二乙基-N-甲基-N—rN’-2-全氟丙氧基丙酰胺基）丙基碘化铵（FCI—1）。用IR、1HNMR、19FNMR等方法对其结构进行了表征．并测试了表面张力等性能。结果表明．所得产物临界胶束浓度（CMC）为38．7mmol／L,在CMC时表面张力为20．4mN／m,具有良好的水溶性和高表面活性。     

一种枝杈型含氟季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂的合成及其性能

以枝杈型含氟醚(4-全氟-[(1,3-二甲基-2-异丙基)-1-丁烯]氧基苯基醚)为原料,通过磺酰化、胺解和季铵化,得到枝杈型含氟季铵盐型阳离子表面活性剂[N-[4-[全氟-(1,3-二甲基-2-异丙基)-1-丁烯]氧基苯磺酰胺基]乙基二乙基甲基碘化铵,其结构经IR、1H-NMR、MS得到确认;其水溶液的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为2.5×10?5 mol?L?1,此时的表面张力为21.0 mN?m?1通过对温度、电解质以及与碳氢表面活性剂的复配研究发现:随着温度的升高其水溶液的CMC和表面张力呈下降趋势;盐度对其影响不大且具有较好的复配性能。     

烷基糖苷季铵盐的合成与表征

以十二烷基二甲基叔胺盐酸盐和环氧氯丙烷为原料,合成中间体N-(3-氯-2-羟丙基)-N,N-二甲基-N-十二烷基氯化铵(CHPDDAC);对非离子烷基糖苷(APG)进行季铵化改性生成烷基糖苷季铵盐(APGQAS);通过正交实验确定了最佳合成工艺为:以异丙醇为溶剂,n(APG)∶n(CHPDDAC)=1.1∶1,反应温度为80℃,反应时间为7 h.通过红外光谱、元素分析及核磁共振波谱确定其化学结构,测定产物的临界胶束浓度CMC为3.16×10-4mol/L,γCMC为21.51 mN/m,Krafft点为-3.57℃.     

4种新型氟碳表面活性剂

介绍了巨化集团技术中心最新开发的4种氟碳表面活性剂:3-三聚环氧六氟丙烷酰胺基丙基(2-亚硫酸) 乙基二甲基铵、3-三聚环氧六氟丙烷酰胺基丙基甜菜碱、8-3-9氟碳-碳氢柔桥混链双季铵、6-3_9氟碳柔桥混链双季铵。其临界胶束浓度CMC分别为1.14×10-4、1．12×10-3、4．93×10-4、2．78×10-4 mol／L,在临界胶束浓度时表面张力分别为19．0、22．0、20．9、22．7 mN／m,在质量分数0．1％时,表面张力分别为16．4、18．2、19．2、20．4 mN／m。分析了氟碳表面活性剂结构与性能的关系。     

一种非对称双尾阳离子表面活性剂的合成及表面活性研究

以N,N-二甲基丙二胺、1-溴-十四烷、辛酸等为原料,通过酰化和季铵化反应合成了3个非对称双尾阳离子表面活性剂,用IR和1HNMR表征了中间体和目标产物。酰胺化反应的最佳条件为:投料比n(正辛酸)∶n(N,N-二甲基丙二胺)=1∶1.1,反应温度为120℃,反应时间为10 h。目标产物的最低表面张力(γCMC)均在20～30mN/m,临界胶束浓度(CMC)均在10-5～10-6 mol/L,γCMC和CMC均远低于结构类似单尾表面活性剂的γCMC和CMC。双尾阳离子表面活性剂的泡沫半衰期(T1/2)为22～31 min,泡沫稳定性强于单尾表面活性剂。     

全氟己基季铵盐型表面活性剂的制备及其表面活性

以全氟己基磺酰氟和N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺为原料,经酰胺化和季铵化反应,制备了N,N,N-三甲基-N-(N'-全氟己基磺酰胺基)丙基碘化铵。用IR、1HNMR、MS(ESI)等方法对其结构进行了表征,并测试了其表面张力等性能。结果表明,N,N-二甲基-N'-全氟己基磺酰基丙二胺合成的较佳工艺条件为:以乙酸乙酯为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂,n(C6F13SO2F)∶n〔H2NC3H6N(CH3)2〕=1∶1.2,室温反应3 h,收率为90.9%。季铵化反应的较优合成条件为:以四氯化碳为溶剂,n〔C6F13SO2NHC3H6N(CH3)2〕∶n(CH3I)=1∶1.7,室温反应2 h,收率为97.6%。所得季铵盐临界胶束浓度(CMC)为3.50 mmol/L,在CMC时表面张力为17.8 mN/m,具有良好的表面活性。     

全氟己基季铵盐型表面活性剂的制备及其表面活性

以全氟己基磺酰氟和N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺为原料,经酰胺化和季铵化反应,制备了N,N,N-三甲基-N-(N’-全氟己基磺酰胺基)丙基碘化铵。用IR、1H NMR、MS（ESI）等方法对其结构进行了表征,并测试了表面张力等性能。结果显示：N,N-二甲基-N’-全氟己基磺酰基丙二胺合成的较佳工艺条件为：乙酸乙酯为溶剂,三乙胺为缚酸剂,n(C6F13SO2F)：n[H2NC3H6N(CH3)2]＝1:1.2, 室温反应3 h,收率为90.9 %。季铵化反应的较优合成条件：四氯化碳为溶剂,n[C6F13SO2NHC3H6N(CH3)2]：n(CH3I)＝1:1.7,室温下反应2 h,收率为97.6%。所得季铵盐临界胶束浓度（CMC）为3.50 mmol/L,在CMC时表面张力为17.8 mN/m,具有良好的表面活性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。