罐头米饭的感品质评价模型研究

本论文以16种不同的大米为原料,制成罐头米饭,通过检测大米的理化指标以及对罐头米饭进行感官评价和力学测定,提出了罐头米饭的感品质评价模型,实验结果表明,大米的胶稠度、蛋白质含量两项民罐头米饭的大部分感官指标评价结果呈非常显著的相关性;仪器测定的粘着性与弹性两个指标与多项感官指标评价结果呈正相关。     

冻干方便米饭品质评价方法及原料适应性的研究

本试验选取了10个品种的大米制作冻干方便米饭，测定了大米的直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量，并且分析了这两项指标与感官指标以及物性指标（Texture Profile Analysis，TPA）与感官指标的相关关系。研究发现感官指标中的口感与大米的直链淀粉含量呈极显著的负相关，与TPA实验的Hardness和Adhesiveness两项指标呈极显著的负相关。结果表明大米的直链淀粉含量对冻干方便米饭品质有着显著的影响，利用TPA实验可以替代感观评价对冻干方便米饭的品质进行评价，其中利用直链淀粉含量相对较低的粳米制作的冻干方便米饭的口感较好。     

利用米饭质构特性评价大米食用品质的方法研究

文章针对不同品种的大米,利用质构仪对米饭样品的质构特性进行测定,通过分析其与大米蒸煮食用品质感官评价指标之间相关性,寻找一条有效的利用米饭质构特性评价大米食用品质的方法。米饭质构特性测定与感官评价进行相关性研究得出：质构特性测试硬度、弹性、适口性与米饭感官评价同一指标和综合评分具有显著相关性。结果还表明：直接测试法在Ф25．4cm圆柱型压缩探头,50％的压缩比和30mm／min的压缩速率等测试条件下,米饭质构特性测定结果与米饭蒸煮感官评价相关性显著,重现性较好。     

罐头米饭的感官品质评价体系研究

影响米饭罐头质量的最主要的因素是原料大米,而不同品种、不同产地、不同批次的大米其食用品质差异较大。在工业化生产中,对每批大米最好预先检测其食用品质,以保证米饭罐头产品质量的稳定性。目前对大米食用品质的检测方法有三种,一是通过检测大米的理化指标来预测其食用品质,二是直接将大米制成米饭,组织评价人员对其进行感官评价,三是用一些物性测定仪器对制成的米饭进行检测,以判断大米的食用品质。我们的研究目的就是以不同品种大米为试验对象,分别用上述三种方法进行分析检测,将所得到的试验数据进行数理统计,观察这三种检测方法之间是否存在相关性,进而得到一个大米食用品质的评价体系,以便快速预测某大米是否适合加工成米饭罐     

大米理化指标与米饭品质相关性的研究

测定了七种大米基本理化指标及加工成米饭后的感官指标和质构特性,探讨原料大米特性与米饭的感官品质、质构特性之间的相关性.结果表明:原料大米水分含量与米饭的弹性呈显著的负相关;蛋白质干基含量与米饭的咀嚼性呈显著的负相关,而脂肪干基含量则与米饭的回复性呈显著的正相关.通过感官评价得出:大米的直链淀粉含量与米饭的冷饭质地呈显著...     

食味仪评价我国大米食味值的可行性探讨

分别以两种不同的食味仪为研究对象,对我国大米的食味品质进行了评价,并与国标方法的评价结果进行比较.结果表明,两种食味仪与国标方法的评价结果之间未显示有显著的相关关系,说明利用此两种食味仪评价大米食味品质的结果与感官品尝评价结果之间并不一致,尚难以准确评价我国大米的食味品质.通过将食味仪测定大米主要理化指标的测定结果与标准方法测定值进行比较分析,发现不同食味仪对于大米理化指标的测定结果差异显著,表明不同食味仪的测定结果并不一致,现有食味仪可以实现对大米理化指标的准确测定,但其对于大米食味品质的评价结果与感官品尝评分的一致性尚待提高,需要对其评价机理进行深入的研究与改进.     

基于多元统计的米饭品质评价研究

目的:明确影响米饭品质的关键性理化指标,探索感官评价和理化试验之间的关系,建立一种简单易行的大米食用品质评价方法.方法:以三种代表性大米为原料,在三种蒸煮工艺下得到9组米饭,通过聚类与相关性分析,筛选出影响米饭食用品质的关键指标,再经主成分分析,得到综合得分公式.结果:影响米饭食用品质的指标为:水分、脂肪、硬度、粘着性...     

原料大米特性与米饭品质的相关性研究

测定了八种原料大米以及其所加工成的米饭的各项特性,探讨原料大米特性与米饭的品质之间的相关性.结果显示:大米直链淀粉含量与米饭的硬度呈极显著正相关,与吸水率呈极显著负相关,与米饭的感官品质呈负相关.大米蛋白质含量与米饭的气味、滋味以及冷饭质地都呈负相关,与米饭色泽、米粒外观、适口性呈正相关.大米垩白度与米粒外观、适口性呈极显著负相关.胶稠度、碱消度与米饭的感官品质都呈正相关,其中与米饭适口性的相关性显著.原料大米特性与米饭品质间存在较显著的相关性,大米直链淀粉含量可以作为评价原料大米特性对米饭品质影响的一个重要的指标.     

米饭适口性仪器评价模型的建立

本研究依据国家标准GB1354-2009制米,依据国家标准GB/T15682-2008中大量样本制作米饭样本,依据GB/T15682-2008中评分方法一所述的评价方法对米饭进行总体评分,目的是通过质构仪测定的参数预测感官评价分数。研究选择了不同地区的粳米样本60份,籼米样品60份。以米饭适口性指标的客观质构特性为自变量,以依据米饭国家标准获得主观的感官评定分数为因变量,采用偏最小二乘法建立质构仪测定值和感官评价分数之间线性模型。不同的大米的总体感官评价分数及质构参数具有显著性差异。同一种大米的质构参数与感官评价分数之间线性相关。获得的模型回归方程为拟合度最低为95.86%,通过质构仪测得的参数能够准确的预测米饭的感官评价分数。     

基于物性仪评价大米食用品质的方法研究

为了建立国产物性仪评价大米食用品质的方法,探索了米饭摆放方式及压缩参数对大米物性测试结果的影响,并研究了米饭物性仪测试结果与感官评价指标间的相关关系。结果表明：米饭粒在辐射状摆放、圆柱型压缩探头、压缩比70％和压缩速率0．5mm／s的条件下,其物性测定结果重现性较好。物性测试的硬度、弹性和黏硬比与米饭感官评价中软硬发、弹性及综合评分值具有显著的相关性。可见硬度、弹性和黏硬比是米饭物性仪评价米饭食味的关键指标,物性测试仪能代替部分感官评价来快速、准确地测量米饭物性。     

SENSORY TEXTURE PROFILE, GRAIN PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND INSTRUMENTAL MEASUREMENTS OF COOKED RICE

Three samples of raw-milled rice, and 4 differently parboiled rices were used to study and to relate sensory perception to instrumental measurements. Variance analysis showed that some physico-chemical characteristics indicated great differences among rice samples: thickness of cooked grain, length/width ratio, water uptake, elastic recovery, white core rate and amylose and protein contents. The most discerning sensory attributes were: elasticity, stickiness, pastiness, mealiness, length of grain, firmness, crunchiness, time in mouth, brittle texture and juiciness. The correlation circle of the principal component analysis (PCA) showed high correlation between some sensory characteristics and instrumental measurements. Melting texture, surface moistness, juiciness, were positively correlated with water uptake (r = 0.70, 0.61, 0.71). Granular texture, crunchiness, brittleness and mealiness were significantly affected by white core presence (r = 0.81, 0.74, 0.86, 0.83). Elasticity was dependent upon elastic recovery and firmness measured by the Viscoelastograph, but not linearly. Length of cooked grain was correlated with the length/width ratio of raw grain (r = 0.83). Pastiness, compactness, stickiness were slightly influenced by the thickness of raw grain (r = 0.81, 0.67, 0.72). To a weaker extent, the sensory firmness was associated with the firmness measured by extrusion force using an Ottawa cell (r = 0.58). PCA showed greatdifferences in texture between rices. Two of the parboiled rices were very elastic, another was firm, granular, crunchy and mealy. The remaining two, cooked longer, were moister and more melting. Among the 3 samples of raw-milled rices, differences in grain length feeling and melting-granular-brittle characteristics. were distinguished.     

IDENTIFYING OBJECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS THAT PREDICT CLUSTERS PRODUCED BY SENSORY ATTRIBUTES IN COOKED RICE

From eight samples of raw-milled, 10 samples of parboiled and 2 samples of canned rice, appearance, texture and flavour were determined sensorily and related to instrumental parameters and clusters of different types of rice having common sensory perceptions were identified. The physico-chemical characteristics, enthalpy of amylose-lipid complex I, protein content, length of raw grain, elastic recovery, water uptake and the viscoelastic index, varied widely between rice samples. The most discriminatory sensory attributes were appearance and texture characteristics such as 'brown', 'elastic', 'long', 'firm' and 'shiny'. The instrumental measurements were highly correlated with sensory parameters. Parboiled rice samples, characterised by a brown colour, an elastic—firm—smooth texture and a broth flavour, were different from the raw-milled rice samples described as 'juicy', 'melting', 'shiny', 'aggregated and swollen grains', 'starch and milk' flavour. Canned rice samples were distinguished by a 'jute and earth' flavour, 'bitterness' and the presence of 'foreign matter'. Five clusters of types of rice could be distinguished which were characterised by a soft texture for the first, by a sticky-pasty texture for the second, by a brioche flavour and medium intensity characteristics of sticky and melting texture for the third, by the length of grain and a slight crunchy texture for the fourth, and by the firmness and elasticity for the last cluster. Five instrumental determined characteristics, enthalpy of amylose-lipid complex I, thickness of cooked grain, water uptake, browness index and protein content classed each rice into one of these 5 clusters with an error of 4%.     

Canned Shrimp Texture as a Function of Its Heat History

Texture changes of canned shrimp were determined by sensory and instrumental methods. A direct relationship was found between sensory perception of toughness and instrumental shear forces measurements in canned shrimp packed in 2.6% brine in 307×113 cans, and processed at 124°C. Shrimp muscle toughened during the initial stages of heating and softened during the latter stages of processing. The softening of shrimp texture (shear values) was determined to follow apparent first order behavior. Regression analyses were used to establish apparent reaction rate constants, an apparent activation energy (24 Kcal/mole), textural D values and textural Z values (30°C).     

CONTROL OF A FOOD PROCESS BASED ON SENSORY EVALUATIONS

Sensory evaluation is often the ultimate measure of food quality, but food process control relies on instrumental measurements. In this research, a strategy for using sensory evaluations in food process control was explored on the basis of a rice cake production process. Important sensory attributes were first modeled as functions of instrumental variables (manipulated or instrumentally measurable variables) to determine the potential controllability of the sensory variables. Neural networks were used to convert sensory quality targets into process control set points. Trained neural networks effectively predicted the instrumental measurements or process set points that resulted in certain sensory qualities. The neural networks were used to determine the best process set points for a given set of sensory targets, and the set point values were used to produce new product samples. The sensory attributes of the new rice cakes were close to those defined as the targets. The results demonstrated the effectiveness and potential of the method.     

糙米原料对挤压速食粥品质特性的影响

为选择适用于挤压速食粥的原料糙米,本文采用挤压膨化的加工工艺对8种糙米原料进行处理,并对8种挤压速食粥进行了品质分析,结果表明:挤压后糙米结构更加紧实均一,其中,黑龙江圆粒粳糙米和长粒粳糙米、2013和2014年的早籼米较其他试样品质更优。在品质指标、质构特性和感官评价对比中,粳糙米挤压速食粥总体品质好于籼糙米挤压速食粥。在风味分析中,共鉴定出27种风味物质,其中醛类物质为主要化合物,而风味物质总含量差别不大。相关性分析表明,复水率与感官评价总分呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,复水时间与感官评价总分呈显著(P<0.05)负相关。本研究表明,黑龙江圆粒粳糙米和长粒粳糙米的综合品质最佳,适合作为挤压速食粥的原料米。     

适合中国南方产籼米米饭食味评价方法的研究

本试验利用日本的四点试验法感官评价了采自南方不同省份的90种籼米，探讨了四点试验法在中国的适用性，并通过逐步回归确定感官评价项目为外观、香气、味、黏度和综合评价；以日本佐竹公司的米饭食味计为基础，利用可见光和近红外光快速测定米饭食味，建立了适合中国南方产籼米的食味及食味影响因子（外观、香味、味、黏度）的回归方程，并在杭州、广州、长沙、哈尔滨进行了实地感官评价，评价结果表明感官评价的综合评价值与食味计预测值之间不存在显著性差异。     

柿子粮谷固态发酵蒸馏酒配方

为提高柿子粮谷蒸馏酒的品质,此次试验研究了以柿子、糯米、玉米和高粱为固态发酵原料,不同配比对酒的感官指标和出酒率的影响。运用模糊数学综合评价法结合层次分析法,寻找柿子粮谷酒感官评价的评价模型。以量化的感官指标和出酒率为响应值,通过D-optimal混料试验设计,建立各原料配比与2个响应值之间的回归模型,分析研究配方中各成分对指标的影响及成分间的相互效应。结果表明:最优原料配比为柿子62.28%、糯米12.17%、玉米8.96%、高粱16.59%。在此配方下,柿子粮谷酒的感官评价为84.3分,出酒率为24.9%。此次试验为柿子的深加工提供了新的途径,推动了柿子加工产业的发展。     

Sensory Characteristics and Instrumental Texture Attributes of Abalones, Haliotis Fulgens and Cracherodii

ABSTRACT: :
Tenderization treatments of black abalone ( Haliotis cracherodii ) were conducted using papain solutions (0.25% or 0.50%) with tumbling (10 or 20 min) prior to canning. The treated adductor and opercular (foot) muscle were evaluated by sensory and instrumental methods and compared to untreated black abalone, to untreated blue abalone ( H. fulgens ) and to commercially canned blue abalone. Treatment with papain did not significantly alter the texture of the abalone but did increase metallic and bitter character notes, possibly by releasing amino acids on protein degradation. Instrumental texture measurements correlated with sensory texture measurements and may aid in the establishment of quality parameters for canned abalone.     

Effect of Thermal Treatment on Selected Cereals and Millets Flour Doughs and Their Baking Quality

Selected cereals (rice and sorghum) and millets (finger millet and pearl millet) were steamed for 20 min at ambient pressure. The rheological properties of doughs, made from these steamed as well raw grain flours, were characterized in addition to examining their baking quality. The two-cycle compression test was employed and instrumental values were correlated with sensory attributes (color, aroma, taste, stickiness, chewiness, tearing strength, cohesiveness, and rollability) using principal component analysis (PCA). Rice doughs made from both raw as well as thermally treated flour imparted maximum hardness (96.6–99.3 N) and least cohesiveness (0.05–0.09) with highest stickiness values (105–110°) among all the dough samples at the same moisture content. Pearl millet and raw sorghum flour doughs possessed the least instrumental hardness, adhesiveness, and stickiness and were the easiest to flatten. The PCA biplot showed that sensory and instrumental cohesiveness formed a cluster on the left side on the x axis while shear force, and sensory attributes like tearing strength, chewiness, stickiness, and rollability formed another cluster on the other side of the axis. Raw rice and finger millet doughs were associated with the high extent of instrumental and sensory stickiness. Thermally treated pearl millet and sorghum doughs were the best followed by treated rice and finger millet samples to give the desirable dough characteristics, and were quite close to wheat chapathi in texture.     

鱼骨泥对鱼肉蛋黄酱罐头品质的影响

以鱼骨泥为研究对象,将发酵骨泥和不发酵骨泥分别按照鱼肉蛋黄酱质量的10%、20%、30%添加比例加入鱼肉蛋黄酱罐头中,探讨不同骨泥添加量对鱼肉蛋黄酱罐头感官、基本营养成分、质构的影响。结果表明：蛋黄鱼肉酱罐头的感官、基本营养成分和质构在骨泥添加量为10%、20%、30%时均可被接受,但钙含量随着骨泥添加量增加有所提高,发酵骨泥罐头的硫代巴比妥酸反应产物（thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances,TBARS）值和pH值明显小于未发酵骨泥的罐头,可见添加发酵骨泥的鱼肉蛋黄酱罐头有望开发成为一种钙含量丰富、品质稳定的保健食品,此类产品有着重要的开发价值。所以为了提高副产物的利用率,发酵骨泥添加量30%。