为了全民族的身体健康 尽快停止使用钠离子交换器

作者对我国目前低压锅炉及中央空调冷水机组给水系统使用钠离子交换器的现状以及盐对人体造成的危害做了较详细论述，同时呼吁我国尽早禁止钠离子交换器的使用。     

一种微电脑自控钠离子交换器的应用

从工作原理，设备结构形式等方面，对微电脑自控钠离子交换器的实际使用效果进行说明，并与传统水处理设备进行比较。     

集中供热系统水处理设施的维护及新技术

对供热系统水处理设施中水过滤器、钠离子交换器(软化设备)的维护工作要点进行分析,对电磁法软化水技术进行了探讨。     

钠离子交换器再生剂的优化使用

普通钠离子交换器使用的再生剂一般为工业粗盐，但是粗盐的杂质较多，含有污泥、沙石、杂草等，在粗盐溶解过程中杂质析出量多，容易导致粗盐的溶解储罐堵塞且清洗频繁，最终设备出水量降低，出水水质波动较大甚至不合格。     

空调制冷与暖通的治理状况、问题以及对策

1空调制冷与暖通的治理状况(1)热水供暖系统、空调(制冷)冷水或热水(以下简称冷热水系统)的水处理,以前曾采用钠离子交换器对自来水(或深井水)进行软化处理的方法,现今也有沿用此方法的。制冷(或空     

好产品应该与大家分享——记天津燕宇小区供热站使用YZ-101防腐阻垢剂

天津燕宇小区供热站共有15吨锅炉两台,直接供热面积达20万m~2,今年是运行的第三个年头。在运行第二年供热中期,因钠离子交换器及除氧设备损坏,便采用自来水直接补水。停炉检修时发     

无顶压逆流再生离子交换器再生效果的影响因素探讨

虽然反渗透技术在近几年取得了很大的进步,但在水的深度除盐处理中,仍然主要使用离子交换方式。然而离子交换树脂失效后再生所带来的环境污染迫切需要解决。再生效果的好坏不仅对交换器出水水质有直接的影响,而且在很大程度上决定着交换器运行的经济性。对影响无顶压逆流再生离子交换器的再生效果因素进行了研究及应用,取得了明显的效益。     

火电厂水、汽中微钠离子测量扩散碱液的研究

火力发电厂水、汽中钠离子含量往往是监督水汽品质、鉴别凝汽器的泄漏、监督阳离子交换器的运行工况及原水分析等的重要控制参数。在线钠表直接承担着监测水、汽中钠离子含量的任务,对于防止热力系统中金属部件的结垢、积盐起着重要的作用,因此不允许在线钠表测量失真的现象存在。由于对钠有选择性的玻璃电极对H+的响应比Na+还敏感,为消除H+对测定的影响,必须用碱性试剂加以抑制,使加碱后pH值必须比pNa值大3个单位,即如果水样【Na+】=1.0μg/L,则pNa=7.36,水样的pH值应大于10.36,因此不能单纯的理解为pH值大于10即可测量微钠。     

离子交换器在核电M310机组中的应用

本文通过对影响离子交换器原理的因素进一步研究,进而对核电机组中所遇问题进行深入分析,并得到了相应的应对措施,为离子交换器的运行提供了运行经验,也为解决离子交换器问题提供了分析方法。     

论半容积式衬铜热交换器

（建筑给水排水设计规范）（GB15－88）1997年修订版中，关于热水供水系统贮水器的贮热量与原规范最明显的修改之处在于大部分建筑减少了贮热量，一般建筑物只需贮存15～30min的设计小时耗热量，这就为半容积式热交换器提供了广泛使用的天地。半容积式热交换器，顾名思义，介于容积式与即热式（或快速式）交换器之间，既有部分调节容积，又加大了交换面积，这种做法，使热水在交换器内无死水区，（容积式有20～25％死水区，有导流装置的容积式交换器有10～15％的死水区）。交换器热水均匀温度为60t，避开了军团菌最易繁殖的温度，我们知道…     

地源热泵桩基与钻孔埋管换热器换热性能比较

相对于钻孔埋管换热器,桩基埋管换热器在换热性能和经济性方面均具有较大优势,目前越来越广泛的应用于地源热泵工程中。围绕钻孔与桩基埋管换热器的结构特点和换热机理进行对比分析,针对南京某项目桩基埋管换热器开展了换热性能实测及数值模拟分析,并采用数值模拟手段对比分析了钻孔与桩基埋管换热器的换热性能差异。研究结果进一步证明了桩基埋管换热器具有良好的换热性能。提出的传热性能数值模拟方法可较准确地计算出桩基和钻孔埋管换热器的传热效率。     

Sorption concentration of IO<Subscript>3</Subscript><Superscript>−</Superscript> and I<Superscript>−</Superscript> on anion exchangers AV-17 and silicas modified with tertiary ammonium groups

We have studied the possibility of using new anion exchangers based on silica with covalently-immobilized trimethyl ammonium propyl and dimethyloctadecyl ammonium propyl groups for sorption concentration of trace amounts of iodine iodide ions followed by their spectrophotometric determination. Sorption properties of new anion exchangers were compared with the properties of the industrial anion exchangers AV-17.     

北京某住宅小区复合式地源热泵空调系统方案设计

该方案为由地埋管换热器和辅助冷热源组成的复合式地源热泵空调系统,采用分散设置热泵主机的水环热泵系统,以地埋管换热器作为全年冷热源主体,夏季采用湖水辅助散热,冬季采用燃气锅炉辅助加热.系统设置专门的热泵供应生活热水,一方面充分利用建筑物周围的空地设置埋管,另一方面应用辅助散热(加热)系统满足供热和制冷的高峰负荷,降低了系统的初投资,提高了系统经济性和运行的可靠性.     

Performance optimisation for an irreversible variable-temperature heat reservoir air refrigerator

The performance analysis and optimisation of an irreversible air refrigerator with variable-temperature heat reservoirs is carried out by taking the cooling load density, i.e., the ratio of cooling load to the maximum specific volume in the cycle, as the optimisation objective using finite-time thermodynamics (FTT) or entropy generation minimisation (EGM) in this paper. The analytical formulae for the relationships between cooling load density and pressure ratio, as well as between coefficient of performance (COP) and pressure ratio are derived with the heat resistance losses in the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers, and the irreversible compression and expansion losses in the compressor and expander. The influences of the effectiveness of the heat exchangers, the inlet temperature ratio of the reservoirs, and the efficiencies of the compressor and expander on the cooling load density versus and pressure ratio are provided by numerical examples. The cooling load density optimisation is performed by finding the optimum pressure ratio of the compressor, the optimum distribution of heat conductance of the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers for a fixed total heat exchanger inventory, and the optimum heat capacity rate matching between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs. The influences of some design parameters, including the effectiveness of the heat exchangers between the working fluid and heat reservoirs, the efficiencies of compressor and expander, the inlet temperature ratio of heat reservoirs, the heat conductance distribution and the heat capacity rate matching between the working fluid and the heat reservoirs on the maximum cooling load density are provided by numerical examples. Optimisation of refrigeration plant design leads to a reduction in size of the compressor, expander, and the hot- and cold-side heat exchangers.     

Mass Transfer Of Contaminants In Rotary Enthalpy Exchangers

The present work is a study of reentrainment of a tracer gas formaldehyde via six rotary air-to-air heat exchangers (all enthalpy exchangers) in the northern part of Sweden. Five exchangers installed in office buildings and one in a day-care centre were included in the study. Formaldehyde in indoor was used as a monitor pollutant and was determined in air samples collected in the ducts at four positions around the rotor of the exchanger, in the supply-air duct and in the exhaust-air duct. Air sampling of homogeneous duct air was performed simultaneously at the four positions using 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazine-impregnated glass fibre filters. The sample analysis of formaldehyde was made by high-performance liquid chromatography. The reentrainment of formaldehyde was calculated and found to be 1-9%. These results show that a rotary heat exchanger can be used in buildings where activities produce low levels of air pollutants, provided that the exchanger is properly installed and maintained.     

两种地质气候条件对岩土换热器的影响

建立了地源热泵岩土换热器的简易数理模型，计算分析了竖直埋管的岩土换热器性能，并在重庆和上海两地进行了岩土换热器试验，发现短期运行参数与实验数据一致，长期连续运行性能参数小于实际值。计算分析和试验结果表明，岩土性能及由年平均温度决定的岩土原始温度对岩土换热器性能有显著影响。在砂岩中设置的换热器比沉积土中的性能好。岩土原始温度越低，换热器夏季的换热性能越强。综合考虑地质气候条件，上海、重庆两地都具有采用岩土换热器且建地源热泵的可行性。     

Phosphate recovery from wastewater using engineered superparamagnetic particles modified with layered double hydroxide ion exchangers

An innovative nanocomposite material is proposed for phosphate recovery from wastewater using magnetic assistance. Superparamagnetic microparticles modified with layered double hydroxide (LDH) ion exchangers of various compositions act as phosphate adsorbers. Magnetic separation and chemical regeneration of the particles allows their reuse, leading to the successful recovery of phosphate.     

换热器最大温度效率及其在设计中的应用

本文提出了针对不同类型换热器的最大温度效率的概念，并推导了偶数管程的一壳程和多壳程的管壳式换热器的最大温度效率的公式，运用这些概念和数据将有助于合理设计或选用换热器。     

气-液回热器对制冷系统性能影响的理论方法

制冷循环中往往采用回热器,使压缩机吸气过热和膨胀阀入口液体过冷。本文运用理论制冷循环推导出一种分析吸气过热度对制冷循环性能影响的理论方法,使用该方法只要查到制冷剂的一些物性常数,就可通过一些代数计算式分析使用回热器对制冷循环的影响。并计算出了R12、R22等常用制冷剂及其替代制冷剂在标准工况下吸气过热度对理论制冷循环性能的影响,为工程中正确使用回热器提供指导。     

Fluidization of ion exchangers by regeneration agents

We have established the relationships between the expansion of the layer of ion exchangers (weakly basic—Amberlite IRA 67, weakly acidic—Lewatit CNP 80, and strongly acidic—KU 2–8) and the rate, temperature, and concentration of regenerating agents (for anion exchanger—sodium hydroxide solution, for cation exchangers—sulfuric acid solutions). We have found the equations of the relationships between the expansion of the layer of ion exchangers and the rate, temperature, and concentration of regenerating agents, which makes it possible to a priori determine the mode of regeneration of ion exchangers in the fluidized layer.