Calibrating the UHF technique of partial discharge detection usinga PD simulator

The paper describes a technique for simulating the presence of partial discharges in gas-insulated substation (GIS) equipment. The technique employs a pulse generator to inject current pulses through a suitable protrusion. The current pulses have similar temporal characteristics to those produced by an actual discharge event, with the added advantage that their magnitudes can be controlled accurately. Because the pulses are highly reproducible, they are ideally suited for investigating the UHF technique of partial discharge detection. The paper discusses the relationship between the magnitude of the UHF signal received by a coupler and the discharge magnitude. It also shows that the coupler signal is dependent on the protrusion length and on the spatial relationship between the protrusion and the coupler. The implications for practical discharge measurements in GIS also are discussed     

用超高频局部放电测量法实现电力变压器局部放电的在线监测

高频局部放电测量法(UHF法)与传统的脉冲电流法完全不同，它采集的被测信号为局部放电过程所产生的超高频电磁波：利用UHF法可有效解决电力变压器局部放电在线监测中的抗干扰问题。文中结合变压器结构设计的放油阀式和人孔／手孔盖式超高频信号传感器安装在220kV和110kV电压等级变压器上，成功地捕捉到变压器内部局部放电产生的超高频信号。对变压器局部放电故障诊断的判据等问题进行讨论，为变压器超高频局部放电在线监测方法的应用积累了经验。     

Real-time PD identification in diagnosis of GIS using symmetric and asymmetric UHF sensors

A new practical method for real-time insulation diagnosis of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS) has been developed and introduced. A notable technique, which takes the output ratio of a symmetric ultra-high-frequency (UHF) sensor (e.g., a loop electrode) to an asymmetric one (e.g., a conical coupler), makes it possible to immediately identify defects and also to eliminate noises because the output ratio of those UHF sensors strongly depends on the radial position of the GIS. It would be remarkably effective for dc power transmission, intermittent partial discharge (PD), and sequential risk assessment based on each identified PD pulse, which would support condition-based maintenance.     

超高频法在发电机局部放电检测中的应用

设计了一套基于超高频 (UHF)法的发电机定子局放检测系统 ,实验室研究结果表明该方法可检测到发电机定子各类局部放电 ,分析和比较了超高频信号在空气和金属导体中的传播规律。该系统与预先安装在某发电厂0 #机组上的方向传感器和中性点的电流传感器相结合 ,联合在线监测发电机的结果表明UHF法可准确检测到发电机中的局部放电信号 ,且信噪比极高     

Sensitivity of UHF PD measurements in power transformers

The reliability of electrical energy networks depends on the quality and availability of electrical equipment like power transformers. Local failures inside their insulation may lead to catastrophic breakdowns and might cause high outage and penalty costs. To prevent these destructive events power transformers are e.g. tested for partial discharge (PD) activity before commissioning and currently also during service. The current work deals with the electromagnetic PD detection method, also known as UHF method. The disadvantage of the UHF method is still the missing possibility for a calibration or at least a verification of the sensitivity. The so-called Sensitivity Check might show in future a relation between unconventionally measured UHF quantities to the apparent charge level in pico Coulomb. An important aspect is the attenuation of UHF signals within power transformers which is investigated in this paper.     

基于遗传算法的神经网络在发电机定子超高频局部放电模式识别中的应用

应用BP(误差反向传播算法)、AGA(自适应遗传算法)和AGA-BP神经网络对发电机定子超高频局部放电的三种类型进行了模式识别。结合AGA和BP算法各自的优点,构造了AGA-BP混合算法作为神经网络的学习算法。实验结果表明,AGA-BP神经网络既解决了BP神经网络对初始权值敏感和容易局部收敛的问题,又提高了AGA神经网络的收敛速度、稳定性和求解质量。     

变压器局部放电UHF信号传播特性的仿真分析

特高频(UHF)技术通过检测局部放电辐射电磁波信号来实现对设备局部放电的检测,抗干扰能力强,检测灵敏度高,是一种基于空间电磁场耦合的局部放电测试技术,能够实现真正意义上的局部放电在线检测,因此在变压器局部放电检测领域取得了日益广泛的关注及研究。由于变压器内部结构复杂,各种金属结构件都会对辐射电磁波的传播产生影响,因此变压器局部放电UHF检测技术有必要研究变压器内部电磁波的传播规律。为此在对变压器内部结构进行合理简化的基础上完成了变压器典型结构的计算机建模,以高斯电流元模拟局部放电源,合理设置各类仿真参数,利用时域有限差分法(FDTD)对特高频电磁波在变压器内部的传播特性进行了仿真分析。仿真结果给出辐射电磁波信号在铁心绕组之间的传播特点,铁心对电磁波传播造成的衰减和畸变作用,并通过时域及频域波形的对比给出不同脉宽、不同幅值电磁波信号在铁心绕组结构中传播的特点。     

High-voltage onsite commissioning tests for gas-insulated substations using UHF partial discharge detection

This paper describes the practical application of the ultra-high-frequency (UHF) partial discharge (PD) detection method which VA TECH Reyrolle has routinely applied to high-voltage onsite commissioning tests on gas-insulated substations (GISs) for more than 10 yr. The location of the PD sensors has a significant effect on the sensitivity of the UHF method, and research has been undertaken to quantify the parameters which affect this (i.e., attenuation, GIS geometry, etc.). Verifying the correct operation of the detection system and its sensitivity is a crucial step to prepare for a high-voltage (HV) test. In order to do this, special test equipment has been developed to ensure that all of the cabling, connections, etc., attached to the detection equipment are correct and that the detection level of the couplers is confirmed. Finally, the paper discusses IEC 60517 (general guidelines for GIS HV testing), its most usual interpretation, and how the application of the UHF technique can transform this interpretation.     

用UHF法检测电力变压器局部放电的研究

基于 UHF的电力变压器局部放电检测法 ,在实验完成了 5种模型局部放电试验研究后 ,设计并投运了一套适用于现场的 UHF局部放电在线检测系统。试验表明 ,由于油箱外壳的屏蔽作用 ,箱内安装的 UHF传感器检测局放灵敏度较高     

基于放电时差的局部放电模式识别的研究

为寻找一种无需校正、方便信号监测的局部放电模式识别方法,将局部放电脉冲间的时间差分布引入到局放放电的模式识别中,构造了放电相位、时间差与放电次数分布的三维谱图Hn(Δt,)φ,并分析提取了其灰度图象的盒维数与信息维数特征参量,最后以分形维数作为输入,径向基函数神经网络(RBFNN)作为模式分类器对5种人工油纸绝缘缺陷模型进行识别。研究表明,识别率均>90%并具有较强的抗干扰能力。     

采用特高频检测技术的局部放电源定位方法

局部放电的发生伴随着电磁波的发射,电磁波在特高频段(300MHz~3GHz)的抗干扰能力很强,因此通过接受该频段的电磁波进行局部放电的检测与定位很有研究前景。近年来特高频法(ultra high frequency method,简称UHF)在局部放电的检测与定位工作中得到广泛推广。为改进确定时延的方法,准确定位放电源,采用了特高频法和信号传播时延来实现对局部放电源的定位。该法采用信号初始峰值法、相关法和能量最小值法求取信号传播时延,通过比较讨论3种方法的优劣,确定了一套求取时延的方案。最后用空间搜索法实现对缺陷中局部放电的定位。     

Dielectric windows for UHF partial discharge detection

Increasing the permittivity of the propagation medium inside a hollow tube lowers its cut-off frequency, allowing it to transmit a wider range of signal frequencies. This principle is applied to the design of dielectric windows that can be used to facilitate partial discharge (PD) detection at ultra high frequency (UHF) in a HV metalclad plant such as gas-insulated substation (GIS), power transformers and circuit breakers. External UHF couplers mounted on such windows can be removed or replaced without compromising the integrity of the insulation system. By increasing the signal power level incident on a window-mounted external UHF coupler, higher sensitivity to PD can be achieved. The problem is analyzed using waveguide theory and, using GIS as an example, improvements of ≈6 dB are demonstrated by means of coupler sensitivity measurements and experiments using PD sources     

气体绝缘管道电缆局部放电的超高频检测技术

该文介绍了用超高频法监测气体绝缘道电缆内部局部放电的基本原理、应用及抗干扰能力。     

变压器局部放电超高频检测中校正技术的初步研究

介绍了一套变压器局部放电超高频检测校正装置.试验验证,在一定范围内,放电方位的变化对耦合信号的影响不是很明显.     

局部放电UHF脉冲干扰的排除与信号的聚类分析

为了排除变压器局部放电信号中的各种信号干扰中的脉冲干扰信号,提出了利用内外信号对比法及相间信号对比法排除外部脉冲型干扰信号,并应用于500kV三相分体式变压器的局部放电现场监测。通过提取工频周期上特高频检波脉冲信号的特征参数,选取脉冲初始相位、平均脉冲幅值、脉冲次数3个特征参数,采取灰聚类与模糊聚类相结合的方法对排除干扰后的数据进行了聚类分析,实现了对部分干扰信号的排除以及特高频信号的分类。对分类后的疑似放电信号的现场特高频检波信号进行统计分析,通过分析PRPD谱图对变压器的局部放电活动做出了诊断说明。通过分析表明,提出的方法能够有效排除干扰信号,便于提取局部放电故障信息。     

电力变压器超高频局部放电测量系统

研制了一套超高频局部放电测量系统 ,用于提取油中局部放电辐射的超高频电磁信号。对超高频天线的测试结果表明 ,在 5 0 0～ 15 0 0MHz的频带范围内 ,天线具有良好的使用特性。为确保提取到的放电信号真实可靠 ,研究了测量中典型干扰信号的特征。实验测量表明该系统可以很好地用于油中超高频局部放电检测。     

变压器局部放电超高频信号的改进小波去噪

提出一种改进小波去噪算法,适用于变压器局部放电超高频检测系统的信号去噪。     

变压器油中典型局放信号超高频频谱特征的研究

设计了一套基于超高频法的电力变压器局部放电检测系统 ,在实验室内对 5种变压器油中典型局放的超高频频谱特征进行了研究。研究结果表明 ,同种放电的频谱特征有很大的相似性 ,而不同放电类型的频谱特征则存在一定的差别 ,有明显的可分性 ,提取这些特征可用于局放类型的识别 ;放电量的大小仅对频谱的幅值有影响且不规律 ,但对超高频频谱波形的影响不大     

超高频局部放电检测在宁夏电网的应用研究

传统局部放电检测方法由于其检测频率低、易受外界干扰、需停电,难应用于现场带电检测。超高频局部放电检测技术优越性已得到国际上的公认,该技术的应用与研究,为掌握宁夏电网带电设备运行状况提供了一种准确、有效的检测手段。