关于ARM与FPGA的开放式数控系统设计与分析

随着嵌入式技术的发展,嵌入式处理器各方面性能的日益提高和嵌入式实时操作系统(RTOS)的广泛应用,使得嵌入式系统更加适合于数控领域的开发。本文研究了基于嵌入式技术的开放式数控系统体系结构。提出了基于ARM与FPGA的开放式数控系统硬件平台设计,并讨论了基于嵌入式Linux的数控系统软件开发平台及其软件结构。     

开发性数控系统关键技术实现

随着技术、市场、生产组织结构等方面的快速变化,传统数控技术的发展面临着许多新的挑战,兼容性差、功能不易扩展、人机界面不灵活等缺点日益显现。为了实现数控系统的开放化,开发一种基于PC机的开放式数控系统已经成为数控技术发展的趋势。本文在分析数控系统体系结构的基础上,对开放性数控系统的关键技术实现进行分析与研究。     

基于开放式数控系统的探索

从20世纪90年代开始，数控系统体结构从封闭开始转向开放。开放式数控系统是下一代数控系统的主要发展方向，国内外都正在进行研究，并在工业已经获得应用。文章阐述了开放式数控系统的现状与发展趋势。讨论了新一代数控系统的硬件和软件结构，开放式数控系统的智能化和网络化。     

基于PC的开放式数控系统及其在玻璃雕刻机中的应用

论述了基于PC的开放式数控系统,重点对NC嵌入PC型开放式数控系统应用平台和应用软件的编制进行了研究,解决了构建NC嵌入PC型开放式数控系统的关键问题,并介绍了一个基于PC DMC1000运动控制卡的开放式数控玻璃雕刻机系统的开发实例。     

基于开放式软数控系统的实验平台开发

以开放式软数控系统为基础,建立并开发了一个数控系统原理实验与教学平台。以模块化方法建立了开放式软数控系统的软件核心,各模块间通过应用程序接口和共享内存进行交互。通过程序代码编写、系统调试、系统运行和实际加工等实验过程,说明数控系统的开发与运行原理。所建立的实验教学平台可作为开放式数控系统开发实践课程的基础。     

数控技术在制锁设备中的应用--杭州智远机械电子有限公司制锁设备介绍

随着科技的进步，数控技术在加工领域的应用已十分普遍，一些通用的设备如加工中心、数控铣床、车床、雕刻机等的应用日趋成熟，这些设备的数控系统大多采用日本的发那科、德国的西门子、北京的凯思帝、广州的数控等知名企业的开放式数控系统。据情况了解，开放式数控系统在我国制锁行业也有借鉴使用，如以雕刻机为模型改造成的多功能牙花机，能进行钥匙牙花沉孔和内槽钥匙牙花的制作，     

开放式数控系统软件PLC嵌入式机器码的研究

针对PLC虚拟机执行机制可移植性差的特点,基于开放式数控系统软件PLC集成开发环境,研究了嵌入式机器码的生成方法,实现其不需要PLC虚拟机即可在不同的数控系统下移植用户逻辑控制程序,大大提高了逻辑程序在数控系统的执行效率.     

虚拟数控机床及开放式数控系统的研究

随着虚拟现实技术在虚拟制造系统中应用的推广,对虚拟数控机床的研究也越来越多,虚拟数控机床可以提供关键的数据到产品设计的制造性分析过程中。传统的数控机床系统虽然已经可以具备相当的精度,但其实现过程对用户是封闭的,不利于扩展;开放式数控系统应运而生,能够方便扩展数控系统的功能。     

数控技术在煤矿机械制造中的应用价值分析

数控技术在煤矿机械中的应用,将传统的封闭式数控系统打破,使之形成具有现代化独特模式的数控技术,能有效利用模块化的体系结构,全面强化煤矿机械的整体性能,提高煤矿机械的生产效率。文章充分阐述了数控技术的发展状况及其特点,对数控技术在煤矿机械制造中的应用加以分析,以便提升煤矿企业的整体效能。     

基于RS232和宏指令的FANUC 0i数控系统信息采集软件的开发

数控机床在使用的过程中产生了大量的生产过程信息和数据,文章针对FANUC 0i数控系统进行数据采集技术的研究。先对该数控系统上的RS232串行数据接口的信号管脚进行分析,然后研究了该数控系统的特殊宏变量地址,并通过Visual Studio2010软件开发了基于该数控系统的数据采集系统。数据采集结果表明,本数控系统信息采集软件能够有效的采集到FANUC 0i数控系统运行过程中的数据。     

数控机床的网络化

电子通讯技术、网络技术及Internet的发展使网络化制造成为可能。设备层是数控机床实现网络化制造的基础,本文阐述了网络化制造给设备层带来的变化,列出了数控机床实现联网的三种类型。     

面向开放结构运动的控制器CNC系统结构

针对现有CAM系统面向对象技术开放式CNC系统软件功能弱,存在难以进行有效兼容的缺陷,采用了基于开放、多任务并行处理、有自主产权结构运动控制器的软件体系结构设计。使用面向制造的设计（DFM）理念,开发了一个全新的车削系统,为面向网络化制造的CAD／CAPP／CAM系统集成提供有效的实现方法。     

基于PC的偏转线圈绕线机控制系统体系的研究

介绍了在RTLinux操作系统下,基于嵌入式工业计算机PC104的水平偏转线圈绕线机数控系统的一种实现方法.并就软件数控中的关键技术之一的实时性处理进行了探讨.     

Surface Chemical Modification of Cellulose Nanocrystals and Its Application in Biomaterials

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) have been widely applied in biomaterials and show great biocompatibility and mechanical strength. In this review, the chemical reactions applied in CNC surface modification and their application in CNC based biomaterials are introduced. Furthermore, the conjugation of different functional molecules and nanostructures to the surface of CNCs are discussed, with focus on the binding modes, reaction conditions, and reaction mechanisms. With this introduction, we hope to provide a clear view of the strategies for surface modification of CNCs and their application in biomaterials, thus providing an overall picture of promising CNC-based biomaterials and their production.     

Simultaneous Extraction of Carboxylated Cellulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils via Citric Acid Hydrolysis—Sustainable Route

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) with surface carboxylic groups were prepared from bleached softwood pulp by hydrolysis with concentrated citric acid at concentrations of 60 wt%~80 wt%. The solid residues from acid hydrolysis were collected for producing cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) via post high-pressure homogenization. Citric acid could be easily recovered after hydrolysis reactions through crystallization due to its low water solubility or through precipitation as a calcium salt followed by acidification. Several important properties of CNC and CNF, such as dimension, crystallinity, surface chemistry, thermal stability, were evaluated. Results showed that the obtained CNC and CNF surfaces contained carboxylic acid groups that facilitated functionalization and dispersion in aqueous processing. The recyclability of citric acid and the carboxylated CNC/CNF give the renewable cellulose nanomaterial huge potential for a wide range of industrial applications. Furthermore, the resultant CNC and CNF were used as reinforcing agents to make sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) films. Both CNC and CNF showed reinforcing effects in CMC composite films. The tensile strength of CMC films increased by 54.3% and 85.7% with 10 wt% inclusion of CNC and CNF, respectively. This study provides detailed information on carboxylated nanocellulose prepared by critic acid hydrolysis; a sustainable approach for the preparation of CNC/CNF is of significant importance for their various uses.     

Simultaneous Extraction of Carboxylated Celulose Nanocrystals and Nanofibrils via Citric Acid Hydrolysis——A Sustainable Route

In this study, cellulose nanocrystals(CNC) with surface carboxylic groups were prepared from bleached softwood pulp by hydrolysis with concentrated citric acid at concentrations of 60 wt%~80 wt%. The solid residues from acid hydrolysis were collected for producing cellulose nanofibrils(CNF) via post high-pressure homogenization. Citric acid could be easily recovered after hydrolysis reactions through crystallization due to its low water solubility or through precipitation as a calcium salt followed by acidification. Several important properties of CNC and CNF, such as dimension, crystallinity, surface chemistry, thermal stability, were evaluated. Results showed that the obtained CNC and CNF surfaces contained carboxylic acid groups that facilitated functionalization and dispersion in aqueous processing. The recyclability of citric acid and the carboxylated CNC/CNF give the renewable cellulose nanomaterial huge potential for a wide range of industrial applications. Furthermore, the resultant CNC and CNF were used as reinforcing agents to make sodium carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC) films. Both CNC and CNF showed reinforcing effects in CMC composite films. The tensile strength of CMC films increased by 54.3% and 85.7% with 10 wt% inclusion of CNC and CNF, respectively. This study provides detailed information on carboxylated nanocellulose prepared by critic acid hydrolysis; a sustainable approach for the preparation of CNC/CNF is of significant importance for their various uses.     

乌拉草纤维素纳米晶的制备及其对棉织物抗紫外线功能整理

为了增加棉织物的抗紫外线性能,将2,2,6,6—四甲基哌啶—1—氧自由基(TEMPO)氧化法制备的乌拉草纤维素纳米晶(CNC)与壳聚糖(CS)制成整理液,通过二浸二轧工艺制备CS/CNC功能整理棉织物。采用扫描电子显微镜SEM,透射电子显微镜TEM,红外光谱FTIR,X射线衍射XRD以及防晒指数分析仪测试了CNC和CS/CNC整理织物的形态和性能;探讨了CNC含量对棉织物的强力和抗紫外线性能的影响。结果显示:从乌拉草中提取的CNC,平均直径为33nm,平均长度为175 nm,晶型结构为纤维素I型。CNC的加入提高了纯棉织物的断裂强度,并可显著提高棉织物的抗紫外线性能。综合考虑CNC添加量对棉织物强度,抗紫外线性能及耐洗色牢度的影响,得出CNC最佳添加量为质量分数5%,相应整理棉织物的断裂强度和抗紫外线性能分别为纯棉织物的1.27和4.99倍,30次水洗后的UPF值为57.31,仍然具有较好的抗紫外线防护效果。     

Review on Cellulose Nanocrystal Assembly for Optical Applications

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) can self-assemble in suspension to form chiral cholesteric structure of liquid crystal with unique birefringence phenomena, and the structural parameters strongly depend upon the aspect ratio, surface structure, and physicochemical properties of CNC, along with suspension media. Many attempts have been carried out to keep this cholesteric structure in solid state via removing solvent, such as slower solvent-evaporation, rapid vacuum-filtration, and spin-casting under centrifugal force. The solid-state iridescence of the cholesteric CNC arrays has been used as structural color, and showed a great potential for the coding and securing of optical information. Moreover, to promote practical applications of such structural iridescence, the cholesteric CNC arrays have been embedded into many kinds of substrates via in-situ reaction of monomers or physical blending with polymers. However, this kind of structural iridescences may lead to misreading information. The uniaxial-orientation assembly of CNC has thus been proposed via regulating external force fields of CNC self-assembly, and successfully achieved nanoparticle assembly-induced solid-state monochrome emission based on enhanced inelastic collision theory of CNC dipoles and photons. This method can eliminate the chiral arrangement of CNC and the corresponding iridescence, and the structural monochromaticity can contribute to enhancing the accuracy of optical information. Overall, the CNC can be controllably assembled as the ordered arrays in solid state and presented structural color, and support optical anti-counterfeiting strategies different from the fluorescent technologies.     

应用数控机床仿真软件进行家具CAM/CNC教学探索

结合教育心理学理论,有效地利用数控机床仿真软件讲解家具计算机辅助制造（CAM）和数控加工（CNC）技术,通过设计与仿真加工一体化教学手段,让学生直观易懂地掌握现代化的家具设计与制造知识。     

魔芋葡甘聚糖基活性纳米复合膜的构建及性能研究

目的 对魔芋葡甘聚糖(konjac glucomannan, KGM)薄膜进行改良。方法 以KGM为基质, 棉花纤维素纳米晶须(cellulose nanocrystals, CNC)作为增强剂, 马尾藻多酚(phlorotannins from Sargassum, PS)为抗菌抗氧化剂, 通过物理性能、自由基清除能力和抗菌性检测, 筛选KGM/CNC/PS活性纳米复合膜包装材料。该包装材料运用在鲜猪肉保鲜上时, 以菌落总数(total bacterial count, TBC)、总挥发性盐基氮(total volatile base nitrogen, TVB-N)、硫代巴比妥酸反应物(thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, TBARS)、pH等指标判断鲜猪肉腐败变质程度。结果 当质量比KGM:CNC:PS=100:9:9.81 (KCP-9)时, KGM/CNC/PS活性纳米复合膜的热稳定性、力学性能、水蒸气阻隔性能相对其他比例的复合膜显著提高, KGM:CNC:PS=100:9:18.53 (KCP-17)时, 抗氧化和抗菌性能最佳, 后者运用在鲜猪肉上时, TBC、TVB-N、TBARS、pH等指标明显优于对照组中不使用任何保鲜剂的猪肉, 可延缓鲜猪肉腐败变质速度, 延长其货架期。结论 当KGM:CNC:PS=100:9:18.53 (KCP-17)时, KGM/CNC/PS活性纳米复合膜包装材料具有良好的抗氧化和抗菌性, 在食品保鲜领域具有潜在的应用前景, 本研究可为提高食品包装材料机械性能、抗菌性和抗氧化能力研究提供参考。