微量钪对Al-15Ag合金时效特性与微观组织的影响

通过时效硬化曲线测量及时效组织分析，研究了微量钪对Al-15Ag合金时效行为和显微组织的影响。在Al-15Ag合金中添加0．2％Sc(质量分数，下同)，可以增强合金在190℃和350℃时效的时效硬化效果，延长峰时效的到达时间。微量钪的添加促使合金中y’相细小密集地析出，同时钪的存在减少了y’相宽面上的位错台阶数。含钪Al-15Ag合金中y’相长大过程比较缓慢的微观机理是微量钪的添加影响了合金中y’相宽面上的台阶分布。     

ZaAl40合金过饱和固溶体时效特性

采用Ｘ射线衍射，显微硬度测定等手段研究了ＺｎＡｌ４０合金的时效分解我并通过ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ观察了时效过程中合金的微观组织变化。结果表明，在时效过程中，合金的硬度发生变化，硬度峰值与时效值温度有关，且着时效时间延长，α－Ａｌ的点阵参数增加。在时效过程中，过饱和固溶体α－Ａｌ的点阵参数增加。在时效过程中，过饱和固溶体α‘Ａｌ发生分解，在晶界处通过非连续没淀反应，形成粒状组织；晶内通过ｓｐｉｎｏｄａｌ分解     

含钪Al-Cu-Li合金的形变时效研究

通过显微组织观察和室温拉伸试验，研究了形变时效对含钪Al-Cu-Li合金组织和拉伸性能的影响。结果表明，时效前的预变形能促进T1(Al2CuLi)相弥散细小的析出，显著提高合金的强度，使时效峰值提前。合金的强度随预变形量的增大而升高，但预变形量过大，不利于T1相的析出形态和分布，影响合金的性能。在本试验条件下，该合金的最佳预变形量为3．5％。     

微量钪对Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金时效特性与微观组织的影响

研究了微量钪对Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金微观组织与时效特性的影响。结果表明，微量钪的添加增强了Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金的时效硬化效果，但并未改变该合金时效硬化的总体规律。透射电镜分析发现GPB在合金时效硬化第二阶段初期才开始析出，并且是该合金第二阶段硬化的主要原因，微量钪的添加促进了Al-2．5Cu-1．5Mg合金中GPB的弥散细小析出。     

外加应力对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金时效析出行为的影响

采用维氏硬度、光学显微镜、双臂电桥电阻及透射电子显微镜等手段,研究普通时效与应力时效时,外加应力对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金时效析出行为的影响。结果表明:外加应力会降低Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金的时效硬化速率,减小峰值硬度和延长欠时效时间;外加应力能够促进Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金中θ′相的析出,抑制Ω相的析出和长大;在外加应力的影响下,Ω相产生应力位向效应,且应力位向效应的产生主要在Ω相的形核阶段形成。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金型材的回归再时效析出行为研究

采用拉伸试验、硬度测试、电导率测试和透射电镜分析等方法研究了Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金型材在180℃回归再时效阶段的析出行为。结果表明,合金在回归处理开始阶段,大部分的GPI区和部分尺寸细小的η’相迅速回溶到基体,合金的强度和硬度值降低至最小值;随着回归时间的延长,晶内析出了高温稳定性更好的η’相和GPII区,合金的强度和硬度值升高;进一步延长回归处理时间,合金中部分的η’相开始转变为η相,合金的强度和硬度值略有下降。再时效阶段,合金在较低的温度继续析出GPI区和较小尺寸的η’相,合金的强度和硬度值小幅增大。     

铈对Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Ag合金时效析出与显微组织的影响

通过铸锭冶金及形变热处理,制备了不同铈含量的Al-Cu-Mg-Mn-Ag合金。采用金相观察、差热分析、扫描电镜及透射电镜研究了添加铈对合金的时效析出过程及显微组织的影响。结果表明：添加铈能显著细化铸态合金的晶粒,使平均晶粒尺寸由93μm减小至30μm,还可以加速挤压态合金的时效硬化过程,提高硬化水平,使最大硬度提高10%以上;此外,添加铈可缩短合金的峰时效时间,降低主要强化析出相—Ω相的析出温度,同时,也降低？相的直径,提高其析出体积分数及其在200～300℃时的高温热稳定性。     

循环时效对Ni_(75)Al_(7.5)V_(17.5)合金微观组织的影响

基于微观相场动力学模型,研究了Ni75Al7.5V17.5合金循环时效过程的沉淀相形貌演化,并与单级时效过程进行了比较.发现DO22相的溶解度随温度变化较L12相大:通过循环时效可以使粗大细长的L12相发生分断,从而达到细化沉淀颗粒的目的,使不规则的L12相发生球化;还分析了发生分断和球化的原因.     

Al-Si-(Cu,Mg)合金时效析出相分析

测定了Al-7Si-0.3Mg和Al-4.5Cu合金的时效硬化曲线,结合DSC分析、TEM分析和金相组织分析,研究了两种合金的时效析出过程.结果表明:两种合金的时效硬化曲线均出现了“双峰”现象,第二个峰稍大于第一个峰.两种合金首先发生过饱和固溶体向GP区转化,然后发生GP区向θ(Al2Cu)转化或者是GP区向β(Mg2Si)转化的过程.Al-7Si-0.3Mg合金在时效4h后的析出相是Mg2Si,Al-4.5Cu合金时效析出相是Al2Cu相.     

Effects of Sc content on the mechanical properties of Al-Sc alloys

The effects of Sc content on the mechanical properties of Al-Sc alloys were investigated. The results show that the strengths of all the tested alloys with 0.1 wt.%, 0.3 wt.%, and 0.4 wt.% Sc additions increase initially with an increase in annealing time, due to the increase in volume fraction and size and the decrease in particle interspacing of Al₃Sc particles. After reaching peak values, the strengths of all the tested alloys start to decrease with increasing annealing time due to the coarsening and increase in particle interspacing of Al₃Sc particles. It has also been shown that the alloy with 0.3 wt.% Sc has a higher strength and a lower elongation than the alloys with 0.1 wt.% and 0.4 wt.% Sc. The increase in strength and the decrease in elongation of the alloy with 0.3 wt.% Sc are due to the smaller particle interspacing of Al₃Sc particles, resulting in a strong inhibition of dislocation movement during deformation.     

微合金化Al-4.0Cu-0.3Mg合金时效初期微结构演变的计算机模拟

采用Monte-Carlo方法模拟了时效初期Al-4.0Cu-0.3Mg-(0.4Ag)-(0.2Sc)合金的原子分布.研究结果表明:在时效过程中含微量钪的Al-Cu-Mg合金中镁原子逐步向钪原子周围偏聚,而铜原子并没有向钪原子周围聚集的倾向,时效初期出现了大量的Mg/Sc原子团簇及Mg/Sc/空位复合体;微量钪的存在促进了镁原子团簇化,但抑制了铜原子的团簇化;而含微量银的合金中镁原子向银原子周围偏聚的倾向比铜原子大得多,时效初期出现了大量的Ag/Mg原子团;"Sc/空位"机制是微量钪影响Al-Cu-Mg合金时效初期原子分布与形态的关键所在.     

稀土铒对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Zr合金微观组织与时效行为的影响

研究了稀土元素铒对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Zr合金微观组织以及165℃时效特性的影响.力学性能测试结果表明:合金中添加稀土Er对合金的强度贡献不大,但可大幅度提高合金的塑性变形能力.显微组织分析表明:添加稀土Er主要以Al8Cu4Er相和少量固溶于基体的形式存在于合金中,Al8Cu4Er相在合金变形过程中细化,对合金起到异质强化的作用.合金中Er原子和空位发生强交互作用,阻碍Ag、Mg原子团的形成,抑制了Ω相形核,延迟Al-Cu-Mg-Ag-Zr合金在165℃人工时效响应.     

Effects of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys

Five kinds of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys with different Sc additions were prepared by ingot metallurgy. The effects of minor Sc on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloys were investigated using tensile tests, optical microscopy (OM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results show that the ultimate tensile strength and yield strength are improved by 94 and 110 Mpa, respectively, and the elongation to failure remains at a reasonable extent (11.1%) in the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr based alloy with 0.21 wt.% Sc addition after solution heat treatment at 475℃ for 40 min and then aged at 120℃ for 24 h. The addition of minor Sc induces the formation of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, which are highly effective in refining the cast microstructures, retarding recrystallization, and pinning dislocations. The increment of strength is attributed mainly to fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening of Al3(Sc,Zr) particles, and substructure strengthening.     

Correlation between microstructure and corrosion behaviour of Bi-Zn solder alloys

ABSTRACT

Bi-Zn solder alloys with different Zn contents (1.5, 2.7 and 5wt-%) were prepared by casting and the correlation between the microstructure and corrosion behaviour by mean of direct current electrochemical tests was studied. The surface analysis of the hypoeutectic Bi-Zn alloy samples revealed the presence of needle-like ZnO and very small agglomerated spherical particles. By contrast, eutectic alloy presented the formation of a uniform and compact film of ZnO, which is related to the better distribution of Zinc in the Bi-rich matrix. Despite the increase in Zn content compared to the hypoeutectic alloy, the corrosion rate showed similar values regardless of its content in the alloy. The Bi-5wt-% Zn alloy presented the highest limiting current density, and consequently, the highest degree of corrosion of the studied alloys. The pro-eutectic phase consisting of large and thick Zn fibres is preferentially dissolved, promoting a selective attack that penetrates inside the sample.     

Precipitation during homogenization cooling in AlMgSi alloys

Precipitation during the industrial cool down takes place predominantly above 300 °C in the EN AW-6082 and 6005 alloys. The phase precipitation throughout cooling is equilibrium β phase. A considerable capacity is retained after the cool down for further precipitation during a subsequent heating cycle. The β-Mg₂Si is once again the predominant phase that forms during a scan heating cycle employed in exactly the same manner with the industrial billet preheating operation. The precipitation in the 6060 alloy, on the other hand, occurs predominantly below 300 °C with additionally β′-Mg₂Si particles formed below 200 °C.     

Corrosion behaviour of Mg/Al alloys in high humidity atmospheres

The influence of relative humidity (80–90–98% RH) and temperature (25 and 50 °C) on the corrosion behaviour of AZ31, AZ80 and AZ91D magnesium alloys was evaluated using gravimetric measurements. The results were compared with the data obtained for the same alloys immersed in Madrid tap water. The corrosion rates of AZ alloys increased with the RH and temperature and were influenced by the aluminium content and alloy microstructure for RH values above 90%. The initiation of corrosion was localised around the Al–Mn inclusions in the AZ31 alloy and at the centre of the α‐Mg phase in the AZ80 and AZ91D alloys. The β‐Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase acted as a barrier against corrosion.