含穿孔-多分层混合损伤平面编织层合板自振特性

研究了含穿孔-多分层损伤平面编织层合板的自振特性问题。首先建立含椭圆穿孔2椭圆多分层损伤平面编织层合板自由振动分析有限元模型。然后通过典型算例,分别讨论了穿孔尺寸、分层尺寸以及穿孔-多分层损伤位置对平面编织层合板固有频率的影响。结果表明：当穿孔和分层的尺寸较小时,其对层合板固有频率的影响很小;横向穿孔-多分层损伤对层合板固有频率的影响较纵向穿孔-多分层损伤更显著;平面编织层合板固有频率对损伤位置最为敏感,分层尺寸次之,穿孔尺寸的影响最弱。     

含多分层损伤平面编织层合板的振动特性

基于层合板Mindlin一阶剪切变形理论,研究了多处分层损伤对复合材料层合板固有特性的影响规律。根据一般分层模型,并采用线性接触模型模拟分层区域上、下子板的相互作用,建立含多个椭圆内埋型分层损伤平面编织层合板自由振动分析有限元模型。通过典型算例分析,讨论了椭圆分层区域长轴与试件纵向夹角对平面编织层合板固有频率的影响。结果表明,对于内埋型分层损伤,表面分层与中间分层对固有频率的影响区别很小;分层区域的长轴与试件纵向夹角越大,损伤对固有频率的影响越大。     

含分层损伤复合材料层合板非线性动力稳定性

采用Reddy 的板高阶剪切变形简化理论研究了含分层损伤复合材料层合板的非线性动力稳定性问题。建立了分层模型, 推导了考虑几何非线性和阻尼效应的Methieu 方程, 给出了该方程的解析解表达式; 研究了参数振动解的稳定性; 然后通过典型数例讨论了分层损伤对层合板固有频率、屈曲临界力以及动力稳定区域的影响; 研究了保守与非保守体系的外载荷的激励频率对层合板第一参数振动的振幅的影响, 以及线性、非线性阻尼对非保守体系的最大牵引深度的影响。由典型算例讨论可知, 随着复合材料层合板分层损伤的扩大, 其动力稳定性能逐渐减弱, 特别是损伤接近层合板的中面时, 分层损伤对其动力稳定性能的影响最大。      

层板弯曲与振动的近似分析

横向剪切变形对复合材料层合板弯曲与振动的影响甚大。在本文的近似分析中,假定板在弯曲时横向位移沿整个板厚为常量。横向剪切应变沿各层厚度方向也分别为常量,但各层不同。文中以特殊正交各向异性层合板为例,采用两种不同的方法建立了各层剪切应变间的关系,推演了层合板横向弯曲与振动的微分方程组及边界条件。算例表明,即使层合板的跨——厚比很小,用本文两种分析方案计算位移、应力及固有频率,都仍具有较高的精度。      

变角度纤维层合板的弯曲问题研究

变角度纤维层合板是一种新型的变刚度结构,该文将对其弯曲问题进行研究。假定每层的纤维方向角沿板的长度方向按照线性变化,基于经典层合板理论,导出了变角度纤维层合板弯曲问题的控制方程,采用有限元线法进行求解,获得了任意边界条件下变角度纤维层合板弯曲问题的数值解。与ABAQUS有限元计算结果的对比,验证了该文采用有限元线法的正确性。通过数值算例分析了边界条件、铺层方式、纤维方向角以及长宽比等参数的变化对变角度纤维层合板弯曲性能的影响。研究结果可为变角度纤维层合板的设计提供一定的参考。     

基体损伤对分层复合材料加筋板动力特性的影响研究

基于Mindlin假定的复合材料层合板单元和层合梁单元,推导了复合材料加筋板的刚度阵和质量阵;采用Adams应变能法与Rayleigh阻尼模型相结合的方法,构造了相应的阻尼阵列式;建立了分层损伤特征的三板模型和表征基体微裂纹损伤的基体损伤模型;并推导了一种基于Hertz型非线性接触法则的虚拟联接单元模型,以避免在振动分析过程中在低阶模态中分层处出现的上、下子板间不合理的嵌入现象;在上述模型和理论基础上,采用精细积分法求解含损伤结构的动力响应。对典型数例进行参数讨论,表明在动载荷作用下,嵌入分层损伤以及在振动过程中诱发的基体微裂纹损伤的演化将明显地影响加筋层合板的动力特性。     

Z-pins对层合复合材料非对称分层增韧作用参数分析——Ⅰ型层间韧性

假设纤维Z-pins的桥联力与嵌入厚度成正比,建立适于非对称分层(分层位于层合板厚度方向上的任意位置)的Z-pin细观力学模型并构造相应的Z-pin单元,结合考虑一阶剪切变形的梁单元,建立了用于分析含浅部分层采用Z-pins增韧的双悬臂梁(Double cantilever beam,DCB)有限元模型,并在分层裂纹面上引入接触单元以防止分析过程中2个分层子梁在分层前缘处的相互嵌入。通过数值算例分析了Z-pins对含非对称分层的DCB试件Ⅰ型层间韧性的增强作用。参数分析表明,当分层位置靠近层合板的表面时,Z-pins的增韧作用明显下降,其较薄分层子层的厚度是决定Z-pins对Ⅰ型层间韧性增强效果的关键参数。     

复合材料层合板准静态横压损伤及其压缩破坏研究

为了考察一种小试件CAI试验方法的有效性,本文作者对复合材料层合板的准静态横向压缩特性和损伤,以及损伤后的压缩破坏进行了试验研究,采用C扫描、热揭层等技术对层合板内的损伤进行测量,并将含准静态横压损伤层合板的剩余压缩强度与低速冲击后板的压缩强度进行了比较。结果表明:在横压过程中存在分层损伤起始门槛压缩载荷值或压入深度值,以及横压载荷极限值;小板试件各界面的分层面积沿厚度方向的分布和继后的压缩破坏形式等与SACMA的CAI试验标准的情况相异。     

具有局部分层的对称铺设层合板在非保守力作用下的屈曲分析

利用弹性非保守系统自激振动的拟固有频率变分原理,推导出复合材料矩形板受非保守随从力作用的变分方程,进而导出复合材料层合板含分层损伤的有限元基本方程及求解临界荷载力和固有频率的特征方程。用载荷增量法计算了不同边长比的复合材料矩形板在面内受随从力作用且含有分层的临界载荷,分析了不同角铺设方向对临界载荷的影响。分析表明,分层对临界载荷有一定影响,复合材料层合板的角铺设方向对临界载荷有较大影响。     

弯扭耦合层合板模态特性数值模拟与试验研究

通过不同位置采用对称偏轴铺设纤维实现层合板的弯扭耦合,利用模态试验和有限元数值模拟研究弯扭耦合层合板的振动模态特性。采用单点拾振的方法采集层合板振动数据,分析其固有频率和振型参数,研究不同耦合区域层合悬臂板的模态节线位置,并且与有限元模拟结果进行对比。提出采用模态置信因子(MAC)定量描述层合板的弯扭耦合性能的方法,实现了采用模态特性研究层合板的弯扭耦合效应。结果表明,层合板的耦合效应,在低阶模态时中部耦合板显著,而高阶模态时端部耦合板显著。     

Tension fatigue analysis and life prediction for composite laminates

A tension fatigue life prediction methodology for composite laminates is presented. Tension fatigue tests were conducted on quasi-isotropic and orthotropic glass epoxy, graphite epoxy, and glass/graphite epoxy hybrid laminates. Edge delamination onset data were used to generate plots of strain energy release rate as a function of cycles to delamination onset. These plots were then used along with strain energy release rate analyses of delaminations initiating at matrix cracks to predict local delamination onset. Stiffness loss was measured experimentally to account for the accumulation of matrix cracks and for delimination growth. Fatigue failure was predicted by comparing the increase in global strain resulting from stiffness loss to the decrease in laminate failure strain resulting from delaminations forming at matrix cracks through the laminate thickness. Good agreement between measured and predicted lives indicated that the through-thickness damage accumulation model can accurately describe fatigue failure for laminates where the delamination onset behaviour in fatigue is well characterized, and stiffness loss can be monitored in real time to account for damage growth.     

Interaction between matrix cracking and edge delamination in composite laminates

Matrix cracking and edge delamination are two main damage modes in continuous-fibre composite laminates. They are often investigated separately, and so the interaction between two damage modes has not yet been revealed. In this paper, a simple parallel-spring model is introduced to model the longitudinal stiffness reduction due to matrix cracking and edge delamination together. The energy release rate of edge delamination eliminating the matrix crack effect and the energy release rate of matrix cracking in the presence of edge delamination are then obtained. Experimental materials include carbon- and glass-fibre-reinforced bismaleimide composite laminates under static tension. The growth of matrix cracks and edge delaminations was recorded by means of NDT techniques. Results show that matrix cracks may initiate before or after edge lamination. This depends on the laminate layup, and especially on the thickness of the 90° plies. Edge delamination may also induce matrix cracking. Matrix cracking has a significant effect on the stiffness reduction in GRP laminates. The present model can predict the stiffness reduction in a laminate containing both matrix cracks and edge delaminations. The mixed-mode delamination fracture toughness obtained from the present model shows up to 50% differences compared with O'Brien's model for GRP laminates. However, matrix cracking has a small effect on the mixed-mode interlaminar fracture toughness of the CFRP laminates.     

含矩形边缘分层缺陷层合板的压缩性能

对含矩形边缘分层缺陷层合板的压缩性能进行试验研究和理论分析, 考察了层合板厚度(含铺层形式)、 分层位置、 形状、 面积以及环境等因素对压缩强度的影响, 并采用分层扩展以及软化夹杂两种模型对含分层层合板的压缩强度进行了计算和破坏机理分析。结果表明: 厚板对边缘分层缺陷不敏感, 中等厚度和薄层合板比较敏感; 缺陷的位置和形状对层合板压缩强度有一定的影响; 湿热环境改变了含缺陷板的压缩破坏机理, 并对中等厚度板和薄板的压缩强度有明显的影响。两种模型中软化夹杂模型效果较好, 可用于工程设计计算。      

面内损伤对埋藏分层影响的三维有限元分析

运用大型有限元软件ANSYS,基于复合材料层合板损伤理论,建立了含面内损伤和埋藏分层的复合材料层板三维有限元模型.分析了面内损伤对复合材料层板分层的影响.采用三维Hashin准则预测复合材料损伤,分层区损伤采用多种损伤模型,损伤发生后,认为材料仍连续,并修改损伤单元对应的材料参数.通过虚拟裂纹闭合技术（VCCT）计算分...     

XFEM simulation of delamination in composite laminates

In this paper, the extended finite element method (XFEM) is extended to simulate delamination problems in composite laminates. A crack-leading model is proposed and implemented in the ABAQUS® to discriminate different delamination morphologies, i.e., the 0°/0° interface in unidirectional laminates and the 0°/90° interface in multidirectional laminates, which accounts for both interlaminar and intralaminar crack propagation. Three typical delamination problems were simulated and verified. The results of single delamination in unidirectional laminates under pure mode I, mode II, and mixed mode I/II correspond well with the analytical solutions. The results of multiple delaminations in unidirectional laminates are in good agreement with experimental data. Finally, using a recently proposed test that characterizes the interaction of delamination and matrix cracks in cross-ply laminates, the present numerical results of the delamination migration caused by the coupled failure mechanisms are consistent with experimental observations.     

Thermoelastic analysis of the asymmetries of interfacial embedded delamination characteristics in laminated FRP composites

This paper presents two sets of full three-dimensional thermoelastic finite element analyses of superimposed thermo-mechanically loaded FRP composite laminates with embedded interfacial elliptical delaminations, emphasizing the influence of residual thermal stresses and material anisotropy on the delamination fracture behavior characteristics. Modified crack closure integral (MCCI) methods based on the concepts of linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) have been used as a meaningful tool to calculate the individual modes of strain energy release rates from the thermoelastic stress and displacement fields due to a combined thermal and a quasi-static impact loading. Residual stresses developed due to the thermoelastic anisotropy of the laminae are found to strongly influence the delamination onset and propagation characteristics, which have been reflected by the asymmetries in the nature of energy release rate plots and their significant variation along the delamination front.     

Delamination growth in composite laminates of variable stiffness

The production of new composite laminates with variable stiffness within the surface of plies was enabled by tow‐placement machines. Because of the variation of stiffness, these materials are called variable stiffness composite laminates (VSCL). Recently, many attempts were made to investigate their structural behaviour. In this contribution, a first‐order shear deformation theory is selected to model the multilayered composite laminates. The adopted theory is enhanced by the extended finite element method (XFEM) to describe discontinuities at element level of any interface of interest. To predict the location of the delamination onset, a traction–separation law is developed that is consistent with the XFEM topology. An exponential softening behaviour is implemented within the interface to model the delamination growth in a mixed‐mode direction. In order to solve the non‐linear equations of the delamination propagation, an arc‐length method is applied. The effect of the curvilinear fibre orientation on the location of the delamination onset is investigated. Subsequently, the structural response of the laminates is computed. According to the simplicity of the new approach using the XFEM; and based on the computational cost for calculating the stiffness of VSCL, the method is able to determine structural response of VSCL with less computational effort. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Matrix cracking and delamination in laminated composites. Part II: Evolution of crack density and delamination

This paper presents a model to predict the propagation of transverse cracks in polymer matrix composite laminates. Different possibilities for the crack pattern are analyzed and the different stress-strain response are compared. Taking into account that matrix cracking promotes delamination between the plies, the propagation of delamination is also simulated. The model predictions are compared with experimental data obtained in composite laminates that accumulate transverse cracks and delaminations before failing catastrophically. The possibility and limitations of a general constitutive law applied at ply level, as a mesomodel, is analyzed and the bounds of applicability of the model are explained.     

The influence of ply sequence and thermoelastic stress field on asymmetric delamination crack growth behavior of embedded elliptical delaminations in laminated FRP composites

The influence of ply lay up and the interaction of residual thermal stresses and mechanical loading on the interlaminar asymmetric embedded delamination crack growth behavior have been investigated. Two sets of full three-dimensional thermo-elastic finite element analyses have been performed for the interlaminar elliptical delaminations, which may be due to manufacturing defects or other reasons and are located symmetrically with respect to the midplane in a quasi-isotropic FRP composite laminate lay up. Depending upon the through-the-thickness location of the embedded elliptical delaminations, four different laminate configurations have been considered. Strain energy release rate (SERR) procedures have been employed to assess the delamination crack growth characteristics at the interfaces. It is found that the individual fracture modes exhibit asymmetric and non self-similar crack growth behavior along the delamination front depending upon the location of the interfacial delaminations; ply sequence and orientation and thermo-elastic anisotropy of the laminae.