硅基微波光子波束形成器研究进展

微波波束形成器是相控阵雷达、5G通信基站等射频发射系统中的核心器件。近年来硅基微波光子波束形成器以其带宽大、尺寸紧凑、重量轻、损耗低、抗电磁干扰等优势成为微波光子学中的研究热点之一。文章从微波光子波束形成的基本原理和性能指标出发,总结了近年来应用于微波光子波束形成器的多种集成可调光学真延迟线结构和波束形成网络架构,并介绍了微波光子波束形成系统集成芯片和自动化控制的最新进展,最后对硅基微波光子波束形成器的未来发展进行了展望。     

微波光子集成及前沿展望（特邀）

微波光子学是一门融合了微波技术和光子技术的交叉学科,是研究光波和微波在媒质中的相互作用以及在光频域实现微波信号的产生、处理、传输及接收的微波光波融合系统。由于现有的微波光子系统大多由分立器件组成,在体积、功耗、稳定性、成本等方面仍有待提升,因此集成化是微波光子技术发展的必然趋势。文中探讨了微波光子集成技术面临的主要科学与技术问题,总结了该技术的发展现状和前沿研究进展,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望。     

Silicon integrated photonics begins to revolutionize

The advances in Si technology and the rapid growth of broadband communication via optical fiber allow silicon integrated photonics to begin revolutionizing the electronic devices, circuits, and systems. The pace of technological development has been recently speeded up. Using microfabrication technology we are now able to make waveguide structures and optical components from Si-based materials, such as silicon oxynitride or doped silica. Visible light can be obtained from Si-based materials such as Si quantum wire/dots and Si nanoclusters embedded in insulators. The remaining issues are to develop processes and device structures to make Si photonics economically viable with system and device performance comparable to their existing counterparts. Recent efforts have demonstrated that the light-emitting efficiency can be enhanced greatly and that the lasing effect is also possible with the nanostructures. The impact of these moves will be revolutionary. The successful development of Si integrated photonics will enable on-chip optical interconnects for future microprocessor and giga-scale circuits, chip-to-chip fiber interconnection and will greatly decrease the cost for fiber-to-home connection. This will be one of the major moves for the next technology revolution. The present article discusses some recent developments on these aspects.     

Progress in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor silicon photonics and optoelectronic integrated circuits

Silicon photonics is an emerging competitive solution for next-generation scalable data communications in different application areas as high-speed data communication is constrained by electrical interconnects. Optical interconnects based on silicon photonics can be used in intra/inter-chip interconnects, board-to-board interconnects, short-reach communications in datacenters, supercomputers and long-haul optical transmissions. In this paper, we present an overview of recent progress in silicon optoelectronic devices and optoelectronic integrated circuits(OEICs) based on a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process, and focus on our research contributions. The silicon optoelectronic devices and OEICs show good characteristics, which are expected to benefit several application domains, including communication, sensing, computing and nonlinear systems.     

Avalanche photodiodes on silicon photonics

Silicon photonics technology has drawn significant interest due to its potential for compact and high-performance photonic integrated circuits.The Ge-or Ⅲ-Ⅴ material-based avalanche photodiodes integrated on silicon photonics provide ideal high sensitivity optical receivers for telecommunication wavelengths.Herein,the last advances of monolithic and hetero-geneous avalanche photodiodes on silicon are reviewed,including different device structures and semiconductor systems.     

Design Considerations for Single-Chip Computers of the Future

In the mid 1980's it will be possible to put a million devices (transistors or active MOS gate electrodes) onto a single silicon chip. General trends in the evolution of silicon integrated circuits are reviewed and design constraints for emeging VLSI circuits are analyzed. Desirable architectural features in modem computers are then discussed and consequences for an implementation with large-scale integrated circuits are investigated. The resulting recommended processor design includes features such as an on-chip memory hierarchy, multiple homogeneous caches for enhanced execution parallelism, support for complex data structures and high-level languages, a flexible instruction set, and communication hardware. It is concluded that a viable modular building block for the next generation of computing systems will be a self-contained computer on a single chip. A tentative allocation of the one million transistors to the various functional blocks is given, and the result is a memory intensive design.     

Recent Progress in Silicon Electro-optic Modulators for High Speed Applications

Silicon-based high-speed electro-optical modulator is the key component of silicon photonics for future communiction and interconnection systems. In this paper, introduced are the optical mudulation mechanisms in silicon, reviewed are some recent progresses in high-speed silicon modulators, and analyzed are advantages and shortages of the silicon modulators of different types.     

微波光子与多学科交叉融合的前景展望(特邀)

微波光子学可借助光电子器件实现微波信号的产生、处理、接收和分配等功能，具有宽带、低传输损耗、轻重量、快速可重构及抗电磁干扰等优势。随着微波光子学的理论方法和技术应用的不断发展，微波光子与多学科交叉融合成为其核心发展方向。文中对微波光子与部分学科交叉融合的现状进行了总结，并对微波光子与激光技术、集成光电子学、量子技术和人工智能等前沿学科的交叉融合进行了展望。     

62 GHz germanium photodetector with inductive gain peaking electrode for photonic receiving beyond 100 Gbaud

Silicon photonics has attracted a great deal of interest for integrated photonics systems due to its large-scale electronics-photonics integration on a chip by leveraging the fabrication process of the complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor(CMOS)foundries[1?5].Germanium-on-silicon(Ge-on-Si)waveguide photodetector(PD)is an indispensable building block of silicon photonics technology which requires high sensitivity.     

Silicon Photonics

After dominating the electronics industry for decades, silicon is on the verge of becoming the material of choice for the photonics industry: the traditional stronghold of III-V semiconductors. Stimulated by a series of recent breakthroughs and propelled by increasing investments by governments and the private sector, silicon photonics is now the most active discipline within the field of integrated optics. This paper provides an overview of the state of the art in silicon photonics and outlines challenges that must be overcome before large-scale commercialization can occur. In particular, for realization of integration with CMOS very large scale integration (VLSI), silicon photonics must be compatible with the economics of silicon manufacturing and must operate within thermal constraints of VLSI chips. The impact of silicon photonics will reach beyond optical communication-its traditionally anticipated application. Silicon has excellent linear and nonlinear optical properties in the midwave infrared (IR) spectrum. These properties, along with silicon's excellent thermal conductivity and optical damage threshold, open up the possibility for a new class of mid-IR photonic devices     

Silicon photonics: the optical spice rack

Silicon is evolving as a versatile photonics platform with multiple functionalities that can be seamlessly integrated. The toolbox is rich, starting from the ability to guide and switch multiple wavelength sources at gigahertz bandwidths, to optomechanical MEMS and opto-fluidics devices. Some of the challenges in the field of silicon photonics are discussed; among them are the decrease of losses in silicon waveguides and the integration of silicon photonics with current CMOS microelectronics.     

短波中红外硅基光子学进展（特邀）

短波中红外光学（2~2.5 μm）在通信测距、卫星遥感、疾病诊断、军事国防等领域具有广泛的应用。作为短波中红外光学系统的关键核心部件,集成光电器件的开发一直都是重点的研究领域。得益于硅基材料超宽的光谱透明窗口,其在开发短波中红外集成光电子器件方面极具发展前景,近年来获得了广泛的关注。文中简要讨论了短波中红外硅基光子学的应用前景,从无源波导器件（包括波导、光栅耦合器、微型谐振腔、复用/解复用器等）、非线性光学波导器件和光电波导器件（包括调制器和探测器等）三方面综述了短波中红外硅基光子学的发展历史和前沿进展。     

Dimensionally Designed Carbon–Silicon Hybrids for Lithium Storage

Silicon, as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation lithium‐ion batteries (LIB), is intensively researched. Although various efforts is devoted to addressing major issues of silicon anodes, the intrinsic low conductivity and tremendous volume change still hinder its further real practical applications. Constructing carbon–silicon hybrid materials is regarded as the powerful strategy to improve the electrochemical lithium storage performance of silicon, in which the component dimensional variations and the dimensional hybridization way play critical roles in improving lithium storage performances. Carbon–silicon hybrids are classified herein, based on dimensional variations of silicon and carbon, and the latest representative progresses on carbon–silicon hybrids following such classifications are elaborated, with emphasis on the involved dimensional design formulas, the resultant synergistic effects, and the potential in performance enhancement. To conclude, the future directions and prospects in the field are discussed, providing insight into the rational design and scalable construction of advanced carbon–silicon hybrids and electrode systems for practical LIB.     

面向雷达应用的微波光子处理技术浅析与发展思考

微波光子处理技术是指利用光子学的手段完成微波信号的混频、倍频、滤波、移相、延时和模数转换等操作,是支持下一代雷达系统发展的关键技术之一。文章通过分析微波光子技术在微波信号处理方面的优势,探讨了在雷达系统中应用微波光子处理技术的多种方式,并基于未来雷达系统处理能力的需求,从与光计算相融合的角度展望了微波光子处理技术的未来发展。     

硅光子器件及其集成技术的研究

主要探讨了偏振分集光路、可调光衰减器、波导耦合型锗光电探测器等硅光器件的研究进展,分析了其结构及技术参数,随后探讨了VOA-PD单片集成技术以及VMUX单片集成技术两种硅基单片集成技术,指出硅光子器件的性能指标已经能满足现代光纤通信系统的要求。     

Towards foundry approach for silicon photonics: silicon photonics platform ePIXfab

Fabless access to wafer-scale silicon photonics technology is moving silicon photonics closer to becoming a mainstream technology and opens up new exciting areas for research at the same time. It is only by using wafer-scale technology that this emerging field will be able to realise its promise: to become a disruptive technology. At the basis of the rationale for silicon photonics is a complex of photonic functions integrated on a single chip, coupled to a stable, high-yield volume fabrication technology base. ePIXfab is a service platform offering R oriented access to state-of-the-art 200 mm wafer-scale CMOS technology optimised for silicon photonics purposes.     

下一代网络的发展趋势--融合与开放

随着网络技术的发展,多种网络将不断融合(固定网、移动网和IP计算机网),未来的网络将是一个统一、综合的网络,综合了分布式计算和通信技术,能方便地提供不同质量的应用.同时未来的网络是业务驱动的网络,所以业务能力开放性是关键因素.本文介绍了下一代网络融合的背景,探讨了融合的层次及其融合的步骤,阐述了下一代网络能力开放所采用的合适的接口、业务平台、开发和运营方式.     

1D Organic Micro/Nanostructures for Photonics

1D organic micro/nanostructures (OMNSs) based on π-conjugated molecules are considered to be suitable candidates as photonic units due to their unique photophysical advantages over traditional ones in low-temperature solution-processed approach, tunable emission color, the built-in cavity for optical confinement, and so forth. These inherent characteristics of OMNSs make them have broad application prospects in photonics devices, such as nanolasers, optical waveguides, and optical logical gates. In this review, the recent processes of OMNSs in terms of light generation, light confinement, and propagation are introduced, separately. Some representative works of OMNSs are discussed in the direction of optical modulation and processing. However, huge challenges still remain before the OMNSs are actually used as components of optical circuits in the photonics chips. The summary and the expectations are presented for the future development of 1D organic micro/nanostructures photonics.     

光学微腔在微波光子雷达系统中的应用

微波光子雷达通过光子技术辅助可突破传统电子技术瓶颈,实现光子系统集成化是未来微波光子雷达的必然发展趋势。具有超高品质因子的光学微腔得益于其独特的线性和非线性光学特性,可在极小的体积内实现宽带微波信号的光域调控,是集成微波光子雷达系统的关键核心元件,在微波光子滤波、光生微波信号、光子辅助信道化接收和光控波束形成等系统功能单元中都具有重要的应用价值,并且在未来太赫兹雷达、激光雷达等系统中也具有广阔的应用前景。     

一体化光电融合计算发展与挑战

近年来,军事作战领域在陆、海、空、天、电“五维一体”全方位、跨域协同、信息共享的联合作战样式的实现上付出了巨大的努力。在多功能综合一体化技术中,包括雷达、通信、电子战、导航、敌我识别等多种设备面临着共享射频资源和数据处理资源的问题。海量的数据处理要求计算平台具有超高计算速度和超高能效的特点,而传统的电子计算平台受到“存储墙”、集成电路的时钟频率、带宽、时延等影响,计算速度和能效提升受到很大限制。光子平台具有高速、大带宽、低串扰等特性,再结合电子手段灵活性和易调控的优势,构造光电融合的计算可以有效提升计算速度和能效。为了更好的将光电融合计算应用在多功能综合一体化技术中,本文对光电融合计算的研究现状进行梳理,按照目前的四种典型平台展开讨论,包括片上集成相干平台、片上集成非相干平台、基于光纤系统的光电融合计算、空间光学衍射平台,并在计算大规模化、非线性光学计算实现、光电高效融合三个未来的重要发展趋势进行阐述和展望。