铌酸盐光催化剂的合成与应用研究

综述了铌酸盐光催化剂合成方面的研究进展,包括固相法、水热法、共沉淀法、柠檬酸络合法和溶胶-凝胶法等制备方法,介绍了铌酸盐光催化剂的结构和光催化性能,以及铌酸盐光催化剂的应用.     

铁酸盐材料制备及应用进展

综述了铁酸盐材料的4种经典的化学制备方法,包括溶胶-凝胶法、水热合成、共沉淀法、微乳液法,评述了每种制备方法的优缺点,论述了铁酸盐材料作为磁性液体、吸波材料、吸附剂和催化剂方面的应用。     

铁酸盐纳米材料的制备及其处理Cr(Ⅵ)的研究现状

阐述了制备铁酸盐纳米材料(MFe2O4,M为Mn,Zn,Co,Ni,La等)的两种方法,包括溶胶-凝胶法、纳米刻蚀法,评述了每种制备方法的优缺点。论述了用铁酸盐纳米材料去除污水中Cr(Ⅵ)的方法,展望了铁酸盐纳米材料作为未来污水处理剂的应用前景。     

白光LED用Eu掺杂钨、钼酸盐红色荧光粉的研究进展

详细介绍了近几年来白光LED用Eu掺杂钨、钼酸盐红色荧光粉的制备方法:高温固相法、溶胶—凝胶法、水热法、共沉淀法等。总结了这几种方法及钨、钼酸盐红色荧光粉的优缺点,并对高发光效率样品的制备提出了一些可行研究方案。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米材料研究进展

溶胶凝胶技术具有其它传统的无机材料制备方法无可比拟的优点,以溶胶凝胶技术制备的产品均匀度好、纯度高、种类多及操作温度低,溶胶-凝胶技术已成为固体材料制备的主要方法。文章阐述了溶胶-凝胶法制备纳米粒子、纳米杂化材料与纳米薄膜的方法,并对溶胶凝胶法的基本原理、过程,以及对控制团聚和粒子的形状、大小的影响因素进行了综述。     

软化学法制备纳米级铁酸盐研究进展

综述了软化学法制备纳米级铁酸盐的研究进展，分析了共沉淀法、水热法、溶胶一凝胶法、微乳液法等合成方法的特点，论述了软化学法在纳米粉体材料合成中的重要性。     

溶胶-凝胶法的应用研究

为研究溶胶-凝胶法的应用,文章通过研究溶胶-凝胶法的基本原理、工艺过程的影响因素,总结溶胶-凝胶法的优缺点。结果表明,水的加入量、温度、醇盐的滴加速度、反应液的pH都会影响溶胶-凝胶法的产品质量。溶胶-凝胶法可制得的材料主要有以下几大类型:单晶、纤维材料、涂层和薄膜材料、超细粉末材料及复合材料等,有很大的发展前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备超级电容器纳米电极材料的研究进展

溶胶-凝胶法是一种常用的制备超级电容器纳米电极材料的方法。利用溶胶-凝胶法制备超级电容器纳米电极材料将为获得具有优异电化学性能的材料提供了重要的方法和基础。本文介绍了电容器的制备方法及优缺点,通过分析溶胶-凝胶法制备超级电容器纳米电极材料的工艺参数、影响因素与优化策略,通过探讨溶胶-凝胶法的发展历程和相关研究成果,希望可以为今后超级电容器纳米电极材料的研究提供参考。     

纳米铁酸盐的合成及处理污水中Cr^6＋的研究进展

介绍了纳米铁酸盐（MFe2O4，M=Mn，Zn，Co，Ni，La等）的主要制备方法，包括固相法、共沉淀法、水热法、溶胶一凝胶法、微乳液法、超声波法、自蔓延高温合成法、纳米刻蚀法等，综述了各种处理方法的侧重点及利弊。同时，对应用纳米铁酸盐去除污水中Cr^6＋离子做了阐述，展望了纳米铁酸盐作为未来污水处理剂的应用前景。     

国外有关塑料助剂研究的期刊文摘（阻燃剂）

磷-氮添加剂在聚氨酯硬泡阻燃剂中的作用;无卤膨胀石墨／PMMA复合材料的溶胶-凝胶法合成、表征及其阻燃和热性能;微波辅助法从高分子中提取十溴联苯醚,     

双钙钛矿型复合氧化物A2B'B'O6的最新合成方法

双钙钛矿型复合氧化物是一种新型的无机非金属材料,在电磁学和催化等方面具有好的应用前景,近年来引起了研究者极大的关注。本文介绍了双钙钛矿型复合氧化物A₂B'B'O₆的结构以及目前国内外传统和最新的合成方法。在结构上,单双钙钛矿型复合氧化物有相同点也有不同点,它们都具有稳定的骨架结构,最大的不同是双钙钛矿结构中B位原子的八面体结构由B'O₆和B'O₆交替排列而成,形成B'-O-B'的结合,从而产生了超交换作用。传统的合成方法着重介绍了高温固相法、溶胶-凝胶法和水热合成法;最新的合成方法主要叙述了微波烧结法、溶胶-凝胶自燃法、化学溶液沉积法、静电纺丝法、冷冻干燥法、非晶态合金法和脉冲激光沉积法。本文针对每一种方法的合成步骤及主要特征进行了详细阐述,对未来的双钙钛矿合成方法研究进行了展望,指出探索研发更加优越的合成方法是未来的研究热点。     

Synthesis of LaMeO3 (Me = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) Perovskite Oxides from Aqueous Solutions

LaMeO₃ (Me = Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) perovskite oxides have many functional uses, and methods for forming films from aqueous solutions are advantageous compared with CVD, sputtering, sol-gel methods, etc., because of lower cost, no requirement for a vacuum or high temperature, and applicability to films with wide areas and/or complicated shapes. A novel method for synthesizing LaMeO₃ from aqueous solutions at ordinary temperature and pressure has been discovered. LaMeO powder produced by solid-state reaction was dissolved in hydrofluoric acid. Boric acid was added to shift the chemical equilibrium, then LaMeO₃ was synthesized. This method promises to lead to applications for preparing perovskite films for various uses.     

钙钛矿型光催化剂的制备及应用研究进展

介绍了钙钛矿型光催化剂的结构;概括了其制备的主要方法,包括固相反应法、溶胶－凝胶法、化学溶液分解法以及化学共沉淀法;综述了目前国内外应用钙钛矿型光催化剂在光解水制氢、降解有机染料、降解气相有机污染物等方面取得的研究进展。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备钛酸锶粉体及其光催化性能的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法制备钙钛矿型SrTiO₃粉体。并用自制的反应器,考察了SrTiO₃粉体对NOx的光催化脱除能力,研究了光源、气体初始浓度、湿度对光催化效果的影响。结果表明,经过45 min的光催化反应,不同浓度的气体中NOx的脱除率均在70%以上。     

Effect of preparation method and particle size on LaMnO3 performance in butane oxidation

LaMnO₃ with different crystal domain sizes and surface areas were prepared by citrate and sol-gel combustion methods and tested as catalysts for butane total oxidation reaction. The catalysts were characterized by N₂ physisorption, XRD and SEM. LaMnO₃ with crystal domain sizes in the range of 30–90 nm were detected by XRD characterization when high calcination temperature, at least 500 °C for sol-gel combustion method and 700 °C for citrate method, was required to prepare pure nanocrystalline phase. Although LaMnO₃ prepared by these two methods had similar crystal domain sizes, BET surface areas of samples by citrate method were significantly larger than that of samples prepared by combustion method. The difference of surface area lies in the morphology differences between the two series of samples (SEM micrographs) generated by strong sintering of samples prepared by combustion method. The catalytic activity of LaMnO₃ in butane total oxidation increased with increasing surface area being higher for materials prepared by citrate method. Thus, citrate method showed significant advantages over combustion method in preparation of perovskite catalysts.     

High-energy density of Pb0.97La0.02(Zr0.50Sn0.45Ti0.05)O3 antiferroelectric ceramics prepared by sol-gel method with low-cost dibutyltin oxide

Lead lanthanum zirconate stannate titanate (PbLa(ZrSnTi)O₃) antiferroelectric (AFE) ceramics are widely used in dielectric capacitors due to their superior energy-storage capacity. Generally, these ceramics can be synthesized by solid-state reaction and sol-gel methods. Ceramics prepared using the sol-gel method have a purer phase than those prepared using the solid-state reaction method because the sol-gel method can avoid the segregation of Sn. However, because the commonly used raw material tin acetate is very expensive, the preparation of PbLa(ZrSnTi)O₃ AFE ceramics via the sol-gel method is not cost-effective, which prevents the use of sol-gel method for manufacturing PbLa(ZrSnTi)O₃ in a large scale. In this work, low-cost dibutyltin oxide instead of expensive tin acetate is used to synthesize Pb_0.97La_0.02(Zr_0.50Sn_0.45Ti_0.05)O₃ (PLZST) nanopowders, and single-phase powders with a perovskite structure and average grain size of 200 nm are obtained at a calcination temperature of 580°C. In addition, dense PLZST AFE ceramics with a pure perovskite structure are obtained by sintering the PLZST nanopowders at temperatures as low as 1100°C. The sintered PLZST ceramics exhibit a room-temperature recoverable energy-storage density as high as 1.93 J/cm³ with an efficiency of 75%, which varies only slightly in the temperature range of 20-120°C. The high energy-storage density (>1.9 J/cm³) over a wide temperature range illustrates that the sol-gel-derived PLZST ceramics with low-cost dibutyltin oxide are quite promising for manufacturing pulse power capacitors.     

Lead Oxide Coatings on Sol–Gel-Derived Lead Lanthanum Zirconium Titanate Thin Layers for Enhanced Crystallization into the Perovskite Structure

An improved method is described for the sol–gel preparation of PLZT thin layers in the perovskite structure. The method uses a PbO cover coat. Details are reported for the sol-gel processing route and heat-treatment conditions. Through use of this method it is possible to prepare singlephase perovskite material with improved properties. The deleterious effect of additional phases—which are not present when a PbO cover coat is used—is attributed to Pb loss from the surface during thermal processing. Examples are given for PLZT thin layers integrated on Si with and without a PbO cover coat. The dielectric and ferroelectric properties were always found to be superior for coated structures.     

新型多孔纳米钛酸锶钡的制备及其对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能

采用反相悬浮聚合溶胶-凝胶法制备了多孔纳米钛酸锶钡吸附剂,分别采用Fourier变换红外光谱、扫描电镜和X射线衍射进行表征。将该多孔纳米钛酸锶钡应用于水中镉离子的吸附,考察了吸附、洗脱条件对其吸附性能的影响,探讨了吸附热力学和动力学规律。结果表明:采用反相悬浮聚合溶胶-凝胶法合成的多孔材料,由纳米粒径的钛酸锶钡晶体组成,平均晶粒粒径为17nm。当pH值为4～7时,该吸附剂对水中的镉离子有很强的吸附能力。其吸附动力学符合Langmuir吸附等温模型和准二级动力学方程式,吸附过程的焓变为37.337kJ/mol,各温度下,Gibbs自由能变均为负值,熵变均为正,吸附活化能为32.965kJ/mol,该吸附为吸热的自发的物理过程。吸附后,该吸附剂可用1mol/L硝酸洗脱再生。     

Mg掺杂对稀土钙钛矿型LaCrO3催化剂的结构和甲烷催化燃烧性能的影响

以柠檬酸为络合剂采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纯LaCrO₃和Mg掺杂型催化剂，以X射线衍射法分析各样品的物相，BET法测定样品的比表面积，TPR技术表征样品的还原性能，以甲烷燃烧为探针反应考察各样品的催化氧化活性。实验结果表明，未掺杂Mg的样品为单一相钙钛矿LaCrO₃结构。Mg的掺杂即可破坏单相钙钛矿LaCrO₃结构的形成，明显削弱其衍射峰强度，同时产生LaCrO₄和La₂CrO₆及MgO物相，但提高了催化剂的还原能力，改善了催化活性。当加入Mg的质量分数为10%时催化活性最好。     

钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaNiO_3的制备及其在CH_4/CO_2重整反应中的应用

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备钙钛矿型复合氧化物LaN iO3,采用XRD、TG-DTA作为表征手段,并且研究其在CH4/CO2重整反应中的应用。结果表明:经800℃焙烧,钙钛矿型复合氧化物的结构已经完全形成。在CH4/CO2重整反应中,H2/CO的比值总是小于1,这是因为存在逆水煤气反应。