Giant Piezoelectric Coefficients in Relaxor Piezoelectric Ceramic PNN‐PZT for Vibration Energy Harvesting

It is well known that the piezoelectric performance of ferroelectric Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) based ceramics is far inferior to that of ferroelectric single crystals due to ceramics' polycrystalline nature. Herein, it is reported that piezoelectric stress coefficient e₃₃ = 39.24 C m^?2 (induced electric displacement under applied strain) in the relaxor piezoelectric ceramic 0.55Pb(Ni_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃–0.135PbZrO₃–0.315PbTiO₃ (PNN‐PZT) prepared by the solid state reaction method exhibits the highest value among various reported ferroelectric ceramic and single crystal materials. In addition, its piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃* = 1753 pm V^?1 is also comparable with that of the commercial Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃‐PbTiO₃ (PMN‐PT) piezoelectric single crystal. The PNN‐PZT ceramic is then assembled into a cymbal energy harvester. Notably, its maximum output current at the acceleration of 3.5 g is 2.5 mA_pp, which is four times of the PMN‐PT single crystal due to the large piezoelectric e₃₃ constants; while the maximum output power is 14.0 mW, which is almost the same as the PMN‐PT single crystal harvester. The theoretical analysis on force‐induced power output is also presented, which indicates PNN‐PZT ceramic has great potential for energy device application.     

A New Material for High‐Temperature Lead‐Free Actuators

Unimorph cantilevers are made from 0.5BaTiO₃‐0.5Sm₂O₃ (BTO‐SmO) self‐assembled vertical heteroepitaxial nanocomposite thin films, grown by PLD on (001) SrTiO₃ single crystal substrates. The films remain piezoelectric up to at least 250 °C without losing any actuation. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient, d₃₃, is ≈45 to 50 pm V^?1 measured from room temperature to 250 °C. The transverse piezoelectric coefficient, d₃₁, a key parameter of actuator performance, exceeds PZT (Pb_1–xZr_xTiO₃) films at >200 pm V^?1. Since the d₃₁ coefficient was found to be positive, this opens up exciting new applications opportunities. The possible reasons for d₃₁ > 0 are discussed in the light of 3D strain control in the nanocomposites.     

Domain Engineering of Lead‐Free Li‐Modified (K,Na)NbO3 Polycrystals with Highly Enhanced Piezoelectricity

Aging and re‐poling induced enhancement of piezoelectricity are found in (K,Na)NbO₃ (KNN)‐based lead‐free piezoelectric ceramics. For a compositionally optimized Li‐doped composition, its piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ can be increased up to 324 pC N^?1 even from a considerably high value (190 pC N^?1) by means of a re‐poling treatment after room‐temperature aging. Such a high d₃₃ value is only reachable in KNN ceramics with complicated modifications using Ta and Sb dopants. High‐angle X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals apparent changes in the crystallographic orientations related to a 90° domain switching before and after the aging and re‐poling process. A possible mechanism considering both defect migration and rotation of spontaneous polarization explains the experimental results. The present study provides a general approach towards piezoelectric response enhancement in KNN‐based piezoelectric ceramics.     

Giant Piezoelectricity of Ternary Perovskite Ceramics at High Temperatures

Here, novel ferroelectric ceramics of (0.95 ? x)BiScO₃‐xPbTiO₃‐0.05Pb(Sn_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃ (BS‐xPT‐PSN) of complex perovskite structure are reported with compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), and which exhibit a piezoelectric coefficient d₃₃ = 555 pC N^?1, a large‐signal coefficient $d_{33}^{?}$ ≈ 1200 pm V^?1 at room temperature, and a high Curie temperature T_C of 408 °C. More interestingly, this ternary system exhibits a giant and stable piezoelectric response at 200 °C with a large‐signal $d_{33}^{?}$ ≈ 2500 pm V^?1, matching that of the costly relaxor‐based piezoelectric single crystals at room temperature. The mechanisms of such giant piezoelectricity and its characteristic temperature dependence are attributed to the spontaneous polarization rotation and extension under an electric field and the MPB‐related phase transition. The findings reveal that the BS‐xPT‐PSN ceramics constitute a new family of high‐performance piezoelectric materials suitable for electromechanical transducers that can be operated at high temperatures (at 200 °C, or higher).     

A New Phase Boundary in (Bi1/2Na1/2)TiO3−BaTiO3 Revealed via a Novel Method of Electron Diffraction Analysis

A new phase boundary is revealed in (1–x)(Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃?xBaTiO₃, the most extensively studied lead‐free piezoelectric solid solution. This discovery results from a novel method of electron diffraction analysis, which allows the precise determination of oxygen octahedra tilting in multi‐domain perovskite ferroelectrics. The study using this method supports the recently proposed Cc symmetry for pure (Bi_1/2Na_1/2)TiO₃, and, more importantly, indicates the crystal structure evolves into the R3c symmetry with the addition of BaTiO₃, forming a Cc/R3c phase boundary at x = 3–4%. In the poling field E_pol versus composition x phase diagram for polycrystalline ceramics, this phase boundary exists with E_pol below 5.5 kV mm^?1; the Cc phase is transformed to the R3c phase during poling at higher fields. The results reported here provide the microstructural origin for the previously unexplained strain behavior and clarify the low‐BaTiO₃‐content phase relationship in this popular lead‐free piezoelectric system.     

High‐Surface‐Area Nanoporous Boron Carbon Nitrides for Hydrogen Storage

Nano‐ and mesoporous boron carbon nitrides with very high surface areas up to 1560 m² g^?1 are obtained by pyrolysis of a graphitic carbon nitride mpg‐C₃N₄ infiltrated with a borane complex. This reactive hard‐templating approach provides easy composition and texture tuning by temperature adjustment between 800 and 1400 °C. The process yields B_xC_yN_zO_vH_w materials as direct copies of the initial template with controlled compositions of 0.15 ≤ x ≤ 0.36, 0.10 ≤ y ≤ 0.12, 0.14 ≤ z ≤ 0.32, and 0.11 ≤ v ≤ 0.28. The nano and mesoporosities can also be tuned in order to provide hierarchical materials with specific surface areas ranging from 610 to 1560 m² g^?1. Such high values, coupled with resistance against air oxidation up to 700 °C, suggest potential materials for gas storage and as catalyst supports. Indeed, it is demonstrated that these compounds exhibit high and tunable H₂ uptakes from 0.55 to 1.07 wt.% at 77 K and 1 bar, thus guiding further search of materials for hydrogen storage.     

Apparent Potential Difference Boosting Directional Electron Transfer for Full Solar Spectrum‐Irradiated Catalytic H2 Evolution

Directional charge transfer among nanolayers of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) is still inefficient because of the interlayer electrostatic potential barrier, which tremendously restricts the utilization of charges in conversion of solar energy into fuel. Herein, an apparent potential among nanolayers is introduced to boost interlayer electron transfer by curving planar g‐C₃N₄ nanosheets into carbon nitride square tubes (C₃N₄Ts), and Ni₂P nanoparticles as electron acceptors are loaded on C₃N₄Ts (Ni₂P/C₃N₄Ts) for highly efficient H₂ evolution. Study results present H₂‐evolution efficiency over the constructed Ni₂P/C₃N₄Ts up to 19.25 mmol g^?1 h^?1 with a large number of visible H₂ bubbles, which is more than 1.9 and 2.6 times of that over g‐C₃N₄ supported 1 wt%Pt and 3 wt%Pd, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) and characterizations reveal efficient directional transfer through C₃N₄T interlayer (001) to Ni₂P (111) is achieved under the apparent potential difference of C₃N₄Ts, which therefore ensures the high H₂‐evolution performance of Ni₂P/C₃N₄Ts. These results in the field of material engineering supply a novel strategy to boost directional charge transfer for solar energy conversion efficiency by introducing apparent potential difference.     

2D Heterostructure Membranes with Sunlight‐Driven Self‐Cleaning Ability for Highly Efficient Oil–Water Separation

Introducing solar energy into membrane filtration to decrease energy and chemicals consumption represents a promising direction in membrane fields. In this study, a kind of 0D/2D heterojunction is fabricated by depositing biomineralized titanium dioxide (TiO₂) nanoparticles with delaminated graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C₃N₄) nanosheets, and subsequently a kind of 2D heterostructure membrane is fabricated via intercalating g‐C₃N₄@TiO₂ heterojunctions into adjacent graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets by a vacuum‐assisted self‐assembly process. Due to the enlarged interlayer spacing of GO nanosheets, the initial permeation flux of GO/g‐C₃N₄@TiO₂ membrane reaches to 4536 Lm^?2 h^?1 bar^?1, which is more than 40‐fold of GO membranes (101 Lm^?2 h^?1 bar^?1) when utilized for oil/water separation. To solve the sharp permeation flux decline, arising from the adsorption of oil droplets, the a sunlight‐driven self‐cleaning process is followed, maintaining a flux recovery ratio of more than 95% after ten cycles of filtration experiment. The high permeation flux and excellent sunlight‐driven flux recovery of these heterostructure membranes manifest their attractive potential application in water purification.     

Multifunctional Artificial Artery from Direct 3D Printing with Built‐In Ferroelectricity and Tissue‐Matching Modulus for Real‐Time Sensing and Occlusion Monitoring

Treating vascular grafts failure requires complex surgery procedures and is associated with high risks. A real‐time monitoring vascular system enables quick and reliable identification of complications and initiates safer treatments early. Here, an electric fieldassisted 3D printing technology is developed to fabricate in situ‐poled ferroelectric artificial arteries that offer battery‐free real‐time blood pressure sensing and occlusion monitoring capability. The functional artery architecture is made possible by the development of a ferroelectric biocomposite which can be quickly polarized during printing and reshaped into devised objects. The synergistic effect from the potassium sodium niobite particles and the polyvinylidene fluoride polymer matrix yields a superb piezoelectric performance (bulk‐scale d₃₃ > 12 pC N^?1). The sinusoidal architecture brings the mechanical modulus close to the level of blood vessels. The desired piezoelectric and mechanical properties of the artificial artery provide an excellent sensitivity to pressure change (0.306 mV mmHg^?1, R² > 0.99) within the range of human blood pressure (11.25–225.00 mmHg). The high pressure sensitivity and the ability to detect subtle vessel motion pattern change enable early detection of partial occlusion (e.g., thrombosis), allowing for preventing grafts failure. This work demonstrates a promising strategy of incorporating multifunctionality to artificial biological systems for smart healthcare systems.     

Structural Stabilization and Piezoelectric Enhancement in Epitaxial (Ti1−xMgx)0.25Al0.75N(0001) Layers

Epitaxial (Ti_1?xMg_x)_0.25Al_0.75N(0001)/Al₂O₃(0001) layers are used as a model system to explore how Fermi‐level engineering facilitates structural stabilization of a host matrix despite the intentional introduction of local bonding instabilities that enhance the piezoelectric response. The destabilizing octahedral bonding preference of Ti dopants and the preferred 0.67 nitrogen‐to‐Mg ratio for Mg dopants deteriorate the wurtzite AlN matrix for both Ti‐rich (x < 0.2) and Mg‐rich (x ≥ 0.9) alloys. Conversely, x = 0.5 leads to a stability peak with a minimum in the lattice constant ratio c/a, which is caused by a Fermi‐level shift into the bandgap and a trend toward nondirectional ionic bonding, leading to a maximum in the expected piezoelectric stress constant e₃₃. The refractive index and the subgap absorption decrease with x, the optical bandgap increases, and the elastic constant along the hexagonal axis C₃₃ = 270 ± 14 GPa remains composition independent, leading to an expected piezoelectric constant d₃₃ = 6.4 pC N^?1 at x = 0.5, which is 50% larger than for the pure AlN matrix. Thus, contrary to the typical anticorrelation between stability and electromechanical coupling, the (Ti_1?xMg_x)_0.25Al_0.75N system exhibits simultaneous maxima in the structural stability and the piezoelectric response at x = 0.5.     

Solution‐Processed Small‐Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Ambipolar Transistors

Solution‐processed small‐molecule bulk heterojunction (BHJ) ambipolar organic thin‐film transistors are fabricated based on a combination of [2‐phenylbenzo[d,d']thieno[3,2‐b;4,5‐b']dithiophene (P‐BTDT) : 2‐(4‐n‐octylphenyl)benzo[d,d ']thieno[3,2‐b;4,5‐b']dithiophene (OP‐BTDT)] and C₆₀. Treating high electrical performance vacuum‐deposited P‐BTDT organic semiconductors with a newly developed solution‐processed organic semiconductor material, OP‐BTDT, in an optimized ratio yields a solution‐processed p‐channel organic semiconductor blend with carrier mobility as high as 0.65 cm² V^?1 s^?1. An optimized blending of P‐BTDT:OP‐BTDT with the n‐channel semiconductor, C₆₀, results in a BHJ ambipolar transistor with balanced carrier mobilities for holes and electrons of 0.03 and 0.02 cm² V^?1 s^?1, respectively. Furthermore, a complementary‐like inverter composed of two ambipolar thin‐film transistors is demonstrated, which achieves a gain of 115.     

Engineering of Self‐Assembled Domain Architectures with Ultra‐high Piezoelectric Response in Epitaxial Ferroelectric Films

Substrate clamping and inter‐domain pinning limit movement of non‐180° domain walls in ferroelectric epitaxial films thereby reducing the resulting piezoelectric response of ferroelectric layers. Our theoretical calculations and experimental studies of the epitaxial PbZr_xTi_1–xO₃ films grown on single crystal SrTiO₃ demonstrate that for film compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary it is possible to obtain mobile two‐domain architectures by selecting the appropriate substrate orientation. Transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, and piezoelectric force microscopy revealed that the PbZr_0.52Ti_0.48O₃ films grown on (101) SrTiO₃ substrates feature self‐assembled two‐domain structures, consisting of two tetragonal domain variants. For these films, the low‐field piezoelectric coefficient measured in the direction normal to the film surface (d₃₃) is 200 pm V^–1, which agrees well with the theoretical predictions. Under external AC electric fields of about 30 kV cm^–1, the (101) films exhibit reversible longitudinal strains as high as 0.35 %, which correspond to the effective piezoelectric coefficients in the order of 1000 pm V^–1 and can be explained by elastic softening of the PbZr_xTi_1–xO₃ ferroelectrics near the morphotropic phase boundary.     

Fabrication of Microcantilever Sensors Actuated by Piezoelectric Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3 Thick Films and Determination of Their Electromechanical Characteristics

The integration and the device realization of Pb(Zr, Ti)O₃ (PZT) thick films on Si substrates are known to be extremely difficult because the processing temperature of the PZT thick film is close to the melting point of Si. However, PZT thick‐film devices on Si warrant attention as they are appropriate for biological transducers; they generate large actuating forces and have a relatively high sensitivity for mass detection, especially in liquids. In this study, Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃ thick‐film cantilever devices are successfully fabricated on a Pt/TiO₂/SiN_x/Si substrate using a screen‐printing method and microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. Elastic and electromechanical properties such as the Young's modulus and transverse piezoelectric coefficient are determined from microstructural and electrical analyses for further mechanical study. The calculated Young's modulus of the thick film, 53.9 ± 3.85 GPa, corresponds to the resonant frequency obtained from the measured harmonic oscillation response. The transverse piezoelectric constant, d₃₁, of –20.7 to –18.8 pC N^–1 is comparable to that of a dense thin film. These values promise the possibility of determining the resonance properties of a thick‐film cantilever by designing its structure and then simulating the harmonic oscillation response. Using the PZT thick‐film cantilever, a strong harmonic oscillation with a quality (Q) factor of about 23 is demonstrated in water. The observation of strong harmonic oscillation in liquid implies the feasibility of precise real‐time recognition of biomolecules using PZT thick‐film cantilevers.     

Efficient Piezoelectric Energy Harvesters Utilizing (001) Textured Bimorph PZT Films on Flexible Metal Foils

Extracting energy from low vibration frequencies (<10 Hz) using piezoelectric energy harvester promises continuous self‐powering for sensors and wearables. The piezoelectric compliant mechanism (PCM) design provides a significantly higher efficiency by fostering a uniform strain for its 1st mode shape, and so is interesting for this application. In this paper, a PCM energy harvester with bimorph Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ (PZT) films on Ni foil deposited by rf magnetron sputtering is shown to have high efficiency and large power for low frequency mechanical vibration. In particular, {001} textured PZT films are deposited on both sides of polished Ni foils with (100) oriented LaNiO₃ seed layers on HfO₂ buffer layers. The performance of PCM with an active area of 5.2 cm² is explored for various excitation accelerations (0.02–0.16 g [g = 9.8 m s^?2]) around 6 Hz. The PCM device provides a power level of 3.9 mW cm^?2 g² and 65% mode shape efficiencies.     

Flexible Piezoelectric Touch Sensor by Alignment of Lead‐Free Alkaline Niobate Microcubes in PDMS

A highly sensitive, lead‐free, and flexible piezoelectric touch sensor is reported based on composite films of alkaline niobate K_0.485Na_0.485Li_0.03NbO₃ (KNLN) powders aligned in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix. KNLN powder is fabricated by solid‐state sintering and consists of microcubes. The particles are dispersed in uncured PDMS and oriented by application of an oscillating dielectrophoretic alignment field. The dielectric constant of the composite film is almost independent of the microstructure, while upon alignment the piezoelectric charge coefficient increases more than tenfold up to 17 pC N^?1. A quantitative analysis shows that the origin is a reduction of the interparticle distance to under 1.0 µm in the aligned bicontinuous KNLN chains. The temperature stable piezoelectric voltage coefficient exhibits a maximum value of 220 mV m N^?1, at a volume fraction of only 10%. This state‐of‐the‐art value outperforms bulk piezoelectric ceramics and composites with randomly dispersed particles, and is comparable to the values reported for the piezoelectric polymers polyvinylidenefluoride and its random copolymer with trifluoroethylene. Optimized composite films are incorporated in flexible piezoelectric touch sensors. The high sensitivity is analyzed and discussed. As the fabrication technology is straightforward and easy to implement, applications are foreseen in flexible electronics such as wireless sensor networks and biodiagnostics.     

Enhancing Piezoelectric Performance of CaBi2Nb2O9 Ceramics Through Microstructure Control

Calcium bismuth niobate (CaBi₂Nb₂O₉, CBN) is a high-Curie-temperature (T _C) piezoelectric material with relatively poor piezoelectric performance. Attempts were made to enhance the piezoelectric and direct-current (DC) resistive properties of CBN ceramics by increasing their density and controlling their microstructural texture, which were achieved by combining the templated grain growth and hot pressing methods. The modified CBN ceramics with 97.5% relative density and 90.5% Lotgering factor had much higher piezoelectric constant (d ₃₃ = 20 pC/N) than those prepared by the normal sintering process (d ₃₃ = 6 pC/N). High-temperature alternating-current (AC) impedance spectroscopy of the CBN ceramics was measured by using an impedance/gain-phase analyzer. Their electrical resistivity was approximately 6.5 × 10⁴ Ω cm at 600°C. Therefore, CBN ceramics can be used for high-temperature piezoelectric applications.     

Ultrahigh Energy‐Storage Density in NaNbO3‐Based Lead‐Free Relaxor Antiferroelectric Ceramics with Nanoscale Domains

Dielectric energy‐storage capacitors have received increasing attention in recent years due to the advantages of high voltage, high power density, and fast charge/discharge rates. Here, a new environment‐friendly 0.76NaNbO₃–0.24(Bi_0.5Na_0.5)TiO₃ relaxor antiferroelectric (AFE) bulk ceramic is studied, where local orthorhombic Pnma symmetry (R phase) and nanodomains are observed based on high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and in/ex situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. The orthorhombic AFE R phase and relaxor characteristics synergistically contribute to the record‐high energy‐storage density W_rec of ≈12.2 J cm^?3 and acceptable energy efficiency η ≈ 69% at 68 kV mm^?1, showing great advantages over currently reported bulk dielectric ceramics. In comparison with normal AFEs, the existence of large random fields in the relaxor AFE matrix and intrinsically high breakdown strength of NaNbO₃‐based compositions are thought to be responsible for the observed energy‐storage performances. Together with the good thermal stability of W_rec (>7.4 J cm^?3) and η (>73%) values at 45 kV mm^?1 up to temperature of 200 °C, it is demonstrated that NaNbO₃‐based relaxor AFE ceramics will be potential lead‐free dielectric materials for next‐generation pulsed power capacitor applications.     

Declamped Piezoelectric Coefficients in Patterned 70/30 Lead Magnesium Niobate–Lead Titanate Thin Films

Lateral subdivision of blanket piezoelectric thin films increases the functional properties through both increased domain wall mobility and declamping of the intrinsic response. This work presents the local effects of substrate declamping on the piezoelectric coefficient d _33,f of 300 nm thick, rhombohedral, {001}‐oriented lead magnesium niobate–lead titanate thin films at the 70/30 composition (70PMN–30PT). Films grown by chemical solution deposition on platinized Si substrates are patterned into strip structures ranging from 0.75 to 9 µm in width. The longitudinal piezoelectric coefficient, d _33,f, is interrogated as a function of position across the patterned structures by three approaches: finite element modeling, piezoresponse force microscopy, and nanoprobe synchrotron X‐ray diffraction. It is found that d _33,f increases from the clamped value of 40–50 to ≈160 pm V^?1 at the free sidewall under 200 kV cm^?1 excitation. The sidewalls partially declamp the piezoelectric response 500–600 nm into the patterned structure, raising the piezoelectric response at the center of features with lateral dimensions less than 1 µm (3:1 width to thickness aspect ratio). The normalized data from all three methods are in excellent agreement, with quantitative differences providing insight to the field dependence of the piezoelectric coefficient and its declamping behavior.     

New Strategy for Polysulfide Protection Based on Atomic Layer Deposition of TiO2 onto Ferroelectric‐Encapsulated Cathode: Toward Ultrastable Free‐Standing Room Temperature Sodium–Sulfur Batteries

The room temperature (RT) sodium–sulfur batteries (Na–S) hold great promise for practical applications including energy storage and conversion due to high energy density, long lifespan, and low cost, as well based on the abundant reserves of both sodium metal and sulfur. Herein, freestanding (C/S/BaTiO₃)@TiO₂ (CSB@TiO₂) electrode with only ≈3 wt% of BaTiO₃ additive and ≈4 nm thickness of amorphous TiO₂ atomic layer deposition protective layer is rational designed, and first used for RT Na–S batteries. Results show that such cathode material exhibits high rate capability and excellent durability compared with pure C/S and C/S/BaTiO₃ electrodes. Notably, this CSB@TiO₂ electrode performs a discharge capacity of 524.8 and 382 mA h g^?1 after 1400 cycles at 1 A g^?1 and 3000 cycles at 2 A g^?1, respectively. Such superior electrochemical performance is mainly attributed from the “BaTiO₃‐C‐TiO₂” synergetic structure within the matrix, which enables effectively inhibiting the shuttle effect, restraining the volumetric variation and stabilizing the ionic transport interface.     

Solid‐Phase Synthesis of Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticles with a Reusable Template–“Plastic Antibodies”

Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are generic alternatives to antibodies in sensors, diagnostics, and separations. To displace biomolecules without radical changes in infrastructure in device manufacture, MIPs should share their characteristics (solubility, size, specificity and affinity, localized binding domain) whilst maintaining the advantages of MIPs (low‐cost, short development time, and high stability) hence the interest in MIP nanoparticles. Herein, a reusable solid‐phase template approach is reported (fully compatible with automation) for the synthesis of MIP nanoparticles and their precise manufacture using a prototype automated UV photochemical reactor. Batches of nanoparticles (30–400 nm) with narrow size distributions imprinted with: melamine (d = 60 nm, K_d = 6.3 × 10^?8 M ), vancomycin (d = 250 nm, K_d = 3.4 × 10^?9 M ), a peptide (d = 350 nm, K_d = 4.8 × 10^?8 M ) and proteins have been produced. The instrument uses a column packed with glass beads, bearing the template. Process parameters are under computer control, requiring minimal manual intervention. For the first time, the reliable re‐use of molecular templates is demonstrated in the synthesis of MIPs (≥30 batches of nanoMIPs without loss of performance). NanoMIPs are produced template‐free and the solid‐phase acts both as template and affinity separation medium.