纳米氧化铁基气敏材料的研究进展

综述了1998~2002年间纳米氧化铁基气敏材料的研究进展,对其制备方法(sol-gel法,固相合成法,化学沉淀法,微乳液法及水热法等);气敏机理,即表面电阻控制型(a -Fe2O3)与体电阻控制型(g -Fe2O3)进行了探讨。还总结了掺杂效应对气敏性能的影响,并对未来气敏材料的发展,提出了几点建议。     

掺铜氧化铁陶瓷负阻特性的研究

研究了掺铜氧化铁陶瓷的负阻特性,并从相结构入手,探讨了负阻机理,分析了该类材料在一定温区内呈现负阻性能的原因。     

分布式2D视频到3D视频转换系统

2D-to-3D video conversion is a feasible way to generate 3D programs for the current 3DTV industry. However, for large-scale 3D video production, current systems are no longer ade-quate in terms of the time and labor required for conversion. In this paper, we introduce a distributed 2D-to-3D video conversion system that includes a 2D-to-3D video conversion module, architecture of the parallel computation on the cloud, and 3D video cod-ing in the system. The system enables coope-ration among multiple users in the simultane-ous completion of their conversion tasks so that the conversion efficiency is greatly pro-moted. In the experiments, we evaluate the system based on criteria related to both time consumption and video coding performance.     

PbO-B2O3-CuV2O6掺杂对(Pb,Ca,La)(Fe,Nb)O3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

研究了PbO3-CuV2O6(PBC)玻璃对(Pb,Ca,La)(Fe,Nb)O3(PCLFN)陶瓷微波介电性能的影响.当纯PCLFN陶瓷在1150℃烧结,介电常数εr=103,品质因数与频率之积Qf=5640 GHz,频率温度系数τf=7.1×10-6/℃.PBC玻璃添加剂能降低PCLFN陶瓷的烧结温度到1 050℃左右,同时能保持良好的介电性能.随着PBC玻璃添加量的质量分数从1.0%增加2.0%,陶瓷的Qf值减小.掺杂ω(PBC)=1%玻璃、在1 050℃烧结的陶瓷样品,能获得良好的微波介电性能为Qf=5 392 GHz,τf=8.18×10-6/℃,εr=101.     

Adsorbing and Activating N2 on Heterogeneous Au–Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for N2 Fixation

Electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) is a promising approach to convert earth‐adundant N₂ into highly value‐added NH₃. Herein, it is demonstrated that the heterogeneous Au–Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) can be adopted as highly efficient catalysts for NRR. Due to the synergistic effect of the strong N₂ fixation ability of Fe₃O₄ and the charge transfer capability of Au, the Au–Fe₃O₄ NPs show excellent performance with a high yield (NH₃: 21.42 µg mg_cat^?1 h^?1) and a favorable faradaic efficiency (NH₃: 10.54%) at ?0.2 V (vs reversible hydrogen electrode), both of which are much better than those of the Au NPs, Fe₃O₄ NPs, as well as core@shell Au@Fe₃O₄ NPs. It also exhibits good stability with largely maintained performance after six cycles. The N₂ temperature‐programmed desorption, surface valance band spectra, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy collectively confirm that Au–Fe₃O₄ NPs have a strong adsorption capacity for the reaction species and suitable surface structure for electronic transfer. The theoretical calculations reveal that Fe provides the active site to fix N₂ into *N₂H while introducing Au optimizes the adsorption of NRR intermediates, making the NRR pathway on Au–Fe₃O₄ along an energetic‐favorable process and enhancing the NRR.     

3D Printed Micro-Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices: From Design to Integration

With the continuous development and implementation of the Internet of Things (IoT), the growing demand for portable, flexible, wearable self-powered electronic systems significantly promotes the development of micro-electrochemical energy storage devices (MEESDs), such as micro-batteries (MBs) and micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). By overcoming the limitations of traditional fabrication processes, 3D printing techniques have been attracting much attention in recent years. Theoretically, 3D printing technologies can manufacture any customized arbitrary geometry and structure of electrodes and other components by fast prototyping at a relatively low cost to achieve desirable electrochemical performance and simplified integration. To that end, a comprehensive review of recent progress on the applications of 3D printing in MEESDs is presented herein. Emphasis is given to the generally classified seven types of 3D printing techniques (their working principle, process control, resolution, advantages, and disadvantages), their applications to fabricate electrodes, and other components with different configurations. Finally, the integration of other electronics into MEESDs and a future perspective on the research and development direction in this important field are further discussed.     

钠米晶LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3的制备及湿敏特性研究

以La（NO3）3×6H2O，Fe（NO3）3×9H2O和Co（NO3）2×6H2O为原料，采用柠檬酸盐法合成LaCo0.2Fe0.8O3纳米晶，用DTA，TGA对原粉形成纳米晶过程进行分析，用XRD，SEM对纳米晶进行表征，并对其湿敏特性进行研究。结果表明，在600℃下焙烧使原粉形成了稳定的钙钛矿纳米晶。此材料在相对湿度大于54%RH时对湿度的变化有较高的灵敏度，掺杂适量无机盐可以改善材料的湿敏特性，使它在全程湿度范围内对湿度都有很好的响应。     

烧结助剂LBZ对CaO-La_2O_3-TiO_2微波介质陶瓷掺杂改性研究

采用La2O3-B2O3-ZnO(LBZ)玻璃掺杂钙钛矿系CaO-La2O3-TiO2(CLT)微波介电陶瓷。运用XRD、SEM和微波介电性能测试等手段,研究了LBZ掺杂对样品烧结性能及微波介电性能的影响。结果表明,在CLT陶瓷中添加LBZ,有效促进CLT陶瓷烧结,使得CLT的烧结温度由1 350℃降低到950℃以下,同时保持较好的介电性能。当LBZ的质量分数为3%时,样品在950℃保温4h后烧结致密,并获得最佳微波性能,即介电常数εr=103.12,品质因数与频率的乘积Q×f=8 826GHz(f=3.03GHz),频率温度系数τf=87.52×10-6/℃。     

Novel Composites of α‐Fe2O3 Tetrakaidecahedron and Graphene Oxide as an Effective Photoelectrode with Enhanced Photocurrent Performances

Novel composites composed of α‐Fe₂O₃ tetrakaidecahedrons and graphene oxide have been easily fabricated and demonstrated to be efficient photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting reaction with superior photocurrent response. α‐Fe₂O₃ tetrakaidecahedrons are facilely synthesized in a green manner without any organic additives and then modified with graphene oxide. The morphological and structural properties of α‐Fe₂O₃/graphene composite are intensively investigated by several means, such as X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The tetrakaidecahedronal hematite particles have been indicated to be successfully coupled with graphene oxide. Systematical photoelectrochemical and impedance spectroscopy measurements have been carried out to investigate the favorable performance of α‐Fe₂O₃/graphene composites, which are found to be effective photoanodes with rapid, steady, and reproducible feature. The coupling of graphene with α‐Fe₂O₃ particles has greatly enhanced the photoelectrochemical performance, resulting in higher photocurrent and lower onset potential than that of pure α‐Fe₂O₃. This investigation has provided a feasible method to synthesize α‐Fe₂O₃ tetrakaidecahedron and fabricate an efficient α‐Fe₂O₃/graphene photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water oxidation, suggesting a promising route to design noble metal free semiconductor/graphene photocatalysts.     

钙铝硼硅玻璃/氧化铝复合材料性能研究

通过高温熔融法制备的CaO-Al2O3-B2O3-SiO2玻璃粉末与α-Al2O3粉末按照质量分数50:50混合,烧结制备了钙铝硼硅玻璃/氧化铝系低温共烧陶瓷材料,研究了烧结温度对复合材料的物相组成、微观结构、力学性能及介电性能的影响.结果表明,875℃烧结制备的复合材料性能最佳,抗弯强度为164 MPa,介电常数为7.8,介电损耗为0.001 3,热膨胀系数为5.7×10-6/℃,具有良好的综合性能,可用作低温共烧陶瓷基板材料.     

激光烧蚀铁丝法制备γ-Fe2O3纳米粉

提出脉冲激光烧蚀细丝制备纳米粉末的新方法，并根据该方法设计和制作了相应的纳米粉末制备装置。采用该方法和相应的实验装置，以Ф0．5mm的纯铁细丝为原料，在一定压力的N2和O2的混合反应气氛中获得了磁性γ-Fe2O3纳米粉末。γ-Fe2O3纳米粉末在形貌上呈链状．单个颗粒基本呈球形；纳米粉末的粒度均匀，平均粒径约为19nm，而且基本不存在硬团聚。为了对比研究，在同样的实验条件下进行了激光烧蚀铁块状靶材制备γ-Fe2O3纳米粉末的研究。与激光烧蚀块状靶材不同，激光烧蚀细丝法在烧蚀机理上实现了对靶材的整体爆炸式蒸发，从而大幅度提高了纳米粉末的产量。在400W的功率下．激光烧蚀铁丝制备的γ-Fe2O3纳米粉末的产率为1．8g／h，是同等条件下烧蚀块状Fe靶材制备纳米粉末产率的6倍。     

K2O-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3LTCC复合基板材料性能研究

采用K2O-B2O3-SiO2玻璃与Al2O3复合烧结,制备了K2O-B2O3-SiO2/Al2O3低温共烧陶瓷(LTCC)复合基板材料,研究了不同组分含量对体系微观结构和性能的影响。结果表明,复合基板材料的相对介电常数εr和介质损耗均随着Al2O3含量的增加而增加,当Al2O3质量分数为45%时,复合基板材料的介质损耗为0.0085,εr为4.55(1MHz)。抗弯强度可达到160MPa。     

复合助烧剂对CaO-BaO-Li2O-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷低温烧结和性能的影响

采用传统固相反应法制备了CaO-BaO-Li_2O-Sm_2O_3-TiO_2(CBLST)陶瓷。研究了复合添加BaCu(B_2O_5)(BCB)和Li_2O-B_2O_3-SiO_2(LBS)对CBLST陶瓷的烧结特性、微观组织、相组成及介电性能的影响。结果表明:添加质量分数w(BCB)=60%和w(LBS)=0.5%～5.0%的CBLST陶瓷的相组成未改变,仍为正交钙钛矿相和BaSm_2Ti_4o_(12)(BST)相。通过添加w(BCB)=6.0%和w(LBS)=0.5%,可以使CBLST陶瓷的烧结温度从1325℃降到1050℃,并且在1050℃烧结2h的CBLST陶瓷介电性能优良:ε_r=81.9,tanδ=0.0062,τ_f=–3.75×10~(–6)/℃,其tanδ比纯CBLST陶瓷的tanδ(0.016)明显降低。     

Strong Electronic Interaction of Amorphous Fe2O3 Nanosheets with Single‐Atom Pt toward Enhanced Carbon Monoxide Oxidation

Platinum‐based catalysts are critical to several chemical processes, but their efficiency is not satisfying enough in some cases, because only the surface active‐site atoms participate in the reaction. Henceforth, catalysts with single‐atom dispersions are highly desirable to maximize their mass efficiency, but fabricating these structures using a controllable method is still challenging. Most previous studies have focused on crystalline materials. However, amorphous materials may have enhanced performance due to their distorted and isotropic nature with numerous defects. Here reported is the facile synthesis of an atomically dispersed catalyst that consists of single Pt atoms and amorphous Fe₂O₃ nanosheets. Rational control can regulate the morphology from single atom clusters to sub‐nanoparticles. Density functional theory calculations show the synergistic effect resulted from the strong binding and stabilization of single Pt atoms with the strong metal‐support interaction between the in situ locally anchored Pt atoms and Fe₂O₃ lead to a weak CO adsorption. Moreover, the distorted amorphous Fe₂O₃ with O vacancies is beneficial for the activation of O₂, which further facilitates CO oxidation on nearby Pt sites or interface sites between Pt and Fe₂O₃, resulting in the extremely high performance for CO oxidation of the atomic catalyst.     

Bi2O3对Al2O3-ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3低熔玻璃结构和性能的影响

采用传统的熔淬技术制得了低熔Al2O3-ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3玻璃,研究了玻璃结构、玻璃特征温度、线膨胀系数(α1)以及密度随Bi2O3含量的变化关系.结果表明:随着Bi2O3含量的增加,玻璃网络中[BO4]取代了部分[BO3],玻璃网络中出现Bi-O结构,玻璃中非桥氧的数量也逐渐增多;软化温度(ts)、玻璃化温度(tg)都是先上升后下降,而线膨胀系数先减小后逐渐增大,玻璃密度先是线性增加,然后增加趋势变大.     

Nd2O3和Sm2O3掺杂钛酸锌介电陶瓷的结构与性能

为了改善ZnTiO3介电陶瓷的性能,研究了Nd2O3和Sm2O3掺杂对ZnTiO3陶瓷结构与介电性能的影响,借助TEM型同轴谐振器测量陶瓷的微波介电性能。研究表明,掺杂Sm2O3形成新相Sm2Ti2O7,少量Sm2O3掺杂能有效抑制ZnTiO3分解;掺杂Nd2O3形成新相Nd2Ti2O7和Nd4Ti9O24;Nd2O3和Sm2O3掺杂均能提高谐振器的无载Q值,且Nd2O3的掺杂效果优于Sm2O3:Nd2O3掺杂能使陶瓷的τf从正值向负值变化,通过调整Nd2O3掺杂量(质量分数5%～10%),可获得τf近零、无载Q值大于260的陶瓷组成,可用于制备分米波段的滤波器。     

Fe/Al2O3/石蜡复合材料的制备及微波吸收性能研究

为了改善Fe粉的微波吸收性能,采用sol-gel法与H_2还原法制备了w(Al_2O_3)为0.5%~5.0%的Fe/Al_2O_3复合粉。利用SEM和激光粒度分析仪分析了所制粉末的形貌与粒度分布;并将所制复合粉末与石蜡按质量比80:20制成Fe/Al_2O_3/石蜡复合材料,研究w(Al_2O_3)对复合材料微波吸收性能的影响。结果表明:Fe/Al_2O_3复合粉的外形呈片状与针状,其粒度分布很宽。当w(Al_2O_3)由0增加到5.0%时,复合材料的复介电常数实部ε′从11增加至21;复磁导率虚部μ″呈多模共振的曲线形式;w(Al_2O_3)为2.0%,厚为2mm的Fe/Al_2O_3/石蜡复合材料的–5dB反射损失R频宽为4.6GHz。     

Bi_2O_3含量对ZnO-BaO-Bi_2O_3-B_2O_3系玻璃性能的影响

用熔融冷却方法制备了ZnO-BaO-Bi2O3-B2O3系低熔点玻璃,研究了Bi2O3含量对所制玻璃热学性能和体积电阻率的影响。结果表明:随着Bi2O3含量的增大,所制玻璃密度和线膨胀系数增大,而膨胀转变温度(tg)、膨胀软化温度(tf)和体积电阻率(ρv)减小;当Bi2O3摩尔分数为0～12%时,随着Bi2O3含量增大,玻璃的tg、tf和ρv显著降低;而当Bi2O3摩尔分数为12%～25%时,这种变化趋势明显减弱。     

Highly Efficient Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting: Surface Modification of Cobalt‐Phosphate‐Loaded Co3O4/Fe2O3 p–n Heterojunction Nanorod Arrays

Hematite (α‐Fe₂O₃) as a photoanode material for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting suffers from the two problems of poor charge separation and slow water oxidation kinetics. The construction of p–n junction nanostructures by coupling of highly stable Co₃O₄ in aqueous alkaline environment to Fe₂O₃ nanorod arrays with delicate energy band positions may be a challenging strategy for efficient PEC water oxidation. It is demonstrated that the designed p‐Co₃O₄/n‐Fe₂O₃ junction exhibits superior photocurrent density, fast water oxidation kinetics, and remarkable charge injection and bulk separation efficiency (η_inj and η_sep), attributing to the high catalytic behavior of Co₃O₄ for the oxygen evolution reaction as well as the induced interfacial electric field that facilitates separation and transportation of charge carriers. In addition, a cocatalyst of cobalt phosphate (Co‐Pi) is introduced, which brings the PEC performance to a high level. The resultant Co‐Pi/Co₃O₄/Ti:Fe₂O₃ photoanode shows a photocurrent density of 2.7 mA cm^?2 at 1.23 V_RHE (V vs reversible hydrogen electrode), 125% higher than that of the Ti:Fe₂O₃ photoanode. The optimized η_inj and η_sep of 91.6 and 23.0% at 1.23 V_RHE are achieved on Co‐Pi/Co₃O₄/Ti:Fe₂O₃, respectively, corresponding to the 70 and 43% improvements compared with those of Ti:Fe₂O₃. Furthermore, Co‐Pi/Co₃O₄/Ti:Fe₂O₃ shows a low onset potential of 0.64 V_RHE and long‐time PEC stability.