Polyhedron Transformation toward Stable Narrow‐Band Green Phosphors for Wide‐Color‐Gamut Liquid Crystal Display

A robust and stable narrow‐band green emitter is recognized as a key enabler for wide‐color‐gamut liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights. Herein, an emerging rare earth silicate phosphor, RbNa(Li₃SiO₄)₂:Eu²⁺ (RN:Eu²⁺) with exceptional optical properties and excellent thermal stability, is reported. The resulting RN:Eu²⁺ phosphor presents a narrow green emission band centered at 523 nm with a full width at half maximum of 41 nm and excellent thermal stability (102%@425 K of the integrated emission intensity at 300 K). RN:Eu²⁺ also shows a high quantum efficiency, an improved chemical stability, and a reduced Stokes shift owing to the modified local environment, in which [NaO₈] cubes replace [LiO₄] squares in RbLi(Li₃SiO₄)₂:Eu²⁺ via polyhedron transformation. White light‐emitting diode (wLED) devices with a wide color gamut (113% National Television System Committee (NTSC)) and high luminous efficacy (111.08 lm W^?1) are obtained by combining RN:Eu²⁺ as the green emitter, K₂SiF₆:Mn⁴⁺ as the red emitter, and blue‐emitting InGaN chips. Using these wLEDs as backlights, a prototype 20.5 in. LCD screen is fabricated, demonstrating the bright future of stable RN:Eu²⁺ for wide‐color‐gamut LCD backlight application.     

Multi-Mode Optical Manometry Based on Li4SrCa(SiO4)2:Eu2+ Phosphors

Optical manometry is a highly promising method for measuring pressure. However, its wider application is limited by the lower sensitivity and influenced by environmental factors. Herein, multi-mode optical pressure sensors based on Eu²⁺-doped Li₄SrCa(SiO₄)₂ phosphors suitable for a variety of complex pressure-measuring environments are designed. The phosphors contain two separate luminescence centers at 443 nm (Eu_Sr) and 584 nm (Eu_Ca), respectively. In the lower pressure range, the emission peak undergoes a massive redshift of 5.19 nm GPa⁻¹ of Eu_Ca, which is 14× better than commercially available ruby sensors. In order to improve the pressure response range and the accuracy of pressure measurement, for the first time, a new approach in the pressure readout method in which single Eu²⁺ ions doping based on fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) pressure measurement is realized in designed materials. Meanwhile, the measured full width at half maximum (FWHM) as an indicator of pressure sensor performance also reveals that the sensing performance is d FWHM/d P ≈ 1.23 nm GPa⁻¹ and d FWHM/d P ≈ 0.84 nm GPa⁻¹ for Eu_Sr and Eu_Ca positions, respectively. Additionally, the structural stability of the phosphor is confirmed by in situ Raman spectrum. The above results indicate that the Li₄SrCa(SiO₄)₂:0.04Eu²⁺ phosphor is a good candidate for multi-mode optical pressure sensors.     

Giant Pressure-Induced Spectral Shift in Cyan-Emitting Eu2+-Activated Sr8Si4O12Cl8 Microspheres for Ultrasensitive Visual Manometry

To address the unsatisfactory pressure sensitivity of luminescent manometers, Eu²⁺-activated supersensitive microspheres operating in the visible range are developed. A series of Eu²⁺-doped Sr₈Si₄O₁₂C_l8 materials are synthesized as microspheres, and their structural and spectroscopic properties are studied theoretically and experimentally. Excited at 350 nm, the samples emit a bright cyan luminescence at ambient conditions that, upon pressure, changes to green emission and finally to yellow light above 7 GPa. Most importantly, a huge red-shift of the emission band from 497.3 to 568.8 nm is observed as the pressure increases, leading to an ultrahigh-pressure sensitivity of 9.69 nm/GPa, which is the highest sensitivity ever reported. The designed microspheres with polychromatic emissions and high-pressure sensitivity are suitable for visual optical pressure sensing, and the applied strategy provides some important guidelines for the development of new optical manometers, allowing pressure monitoring with unprecedented accuracy.     

Bright Blue Photo‐ and Electroluminescence from Eu2+‐Doped GaN/SiO2 Nanocomposites

In this article we demonstrate the synthesis of Eu²⁺‐doped GaN/SiO₂ nanocomposites using a simple solid state reaction and their use in light‐emitting devices. The nanocomposite exhibits a bright blue luminescence when excited in the UV region (quantum yield = 23 %). The origin of the blue emission is attributed to the presence of europium ions in the +2 oxidation state in the GaN/SiO₂ nanocomposites. Analysis of the EPR spectrum of europium‐doped GaN/SiO₂ nanocomposites confirms the existence of Eu²⁺ in the nanocomposites. Various control experiments show that the blue emission arises from these europium ions and that the interface of GaN and silica plays a crucial role. The Eu²⁺‐doped GaN/SiO₂ nanocomposite also exhibits a bright blue electroluminescence. Furthermore, the nanocomposites can be coated with a polymer to tune their dispersibility in organic medium.     

Efficient Mechanoluminescent Elastomers for Dual‐Responsive Anticounterfeiting Device and Stretching/Strain Sensor with Multimode Sensibility

In this work, an environmentally friendly and novel oxide‐based mechanoluminescent material, Sr₃Al₂O₆: Eu³⁺, which can serve as the alternative for the widely used but environmentally hazardous transition metal–doped sulfides is reported. This oxide could exhibit highly efficient photoluminescence, but even more efficient mechanoluminescence as embedded into polydimethylsiloxane matrix under mechanical stimulation. The emitting color of the resultant Sr₃Al₂O₆: Eu³⁺/polydimethylsiloxane elastomer composites could be further manipulated by adjusting the synthesis atmosphere of the Sr₃Al₂O₆: Eu³⁺ based on its unique self‐reduction characteristic. Moreover, by combining the wavelength selectivity of photoluminescence and dynamic stress response of mechanoluminescence, Sr₃Al₂O₆: Eu³⁺ enables the design of two types of intriguing devices. They are a dual‐responsive anticounterfeiting flexible device activated by either photons or mechanics, and a comprehensive stretching/strain sensor capable of sensing both strain level and stretching states. In comparison to the conventional luminescent materials, with a rare combination of efficient photoluminescence, highly sensitive mechanoluminescence, and facile color tunability, Sr₃Al₂O₆: Eu³⁺ is much more versatile and ideal for various advanced applications.     

Bioinspired Design of SrAl2O4:Eu2+ Phosphor

A phosphor based on Sr_0.97Al₂O₄:Eu_0.03 with a biomorphous morphology is manufactured via vacuum assisted infiltration of wood tissue (Pinus sylvestris) with a precursor nitrate solution. The nitrate solution penetrates homogeneously into the uniform arrangement of rectangular shaped tracheidal cells of the wood tissue. According to scanning electron microscopy, the original wood cell walls are completely transformed retaining the original wood structure. The major crystalline phase is monoclinic SrAl₂O₄, detected by X‐ray diffraction and confirmed by Rietveld refinement. Energy‐dispersive X‐ray analysis proves the homogeneous conversion of the original wood cell wall into Sr_0.97Al₂O₄:Eu_0.03 struts. The optical properties of the resulting phosphor material are determined by photoluminescence and cathode‐luminescence spectroscopy in scanning electron microscopy. The biotemplated Sr_0.97Al₂O₄:Eu_0.03 shows a characteristic green emission at 530 nm (2.34 eV). Shaping biomorphous SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ phosphor with a microstructure pseudomorphous to the bioorganic template anatomy offers a novel approach for designing micropatterned phosphor materials.     

Direct white-light from core-shell-like sphere with Sr3Mg-Si2O8: Eu2+, Mn2+ coated on Sr2SiO4:Eu2+

A method of color mixture for white light is presented with Sr3MgSi2O8:Eu2+, Mn2+ shell coated on Sr2SiO4:Eu2+ core by spray pyrolysis procedure. Upon near ultraviolet (NUV) excitation, a 550 nm band emission of Eu2+ from core host combines with the simultaneous emissions of Eu2+ at 457 nm and Mn2+ at 683 nm based on energy transfer in the shell lattice to generate warm white light with color rendering index (CRI) of 91. With such a core-shell-like structure, the re-absorption of blue light from shell layer can be effectively suppressed, and the chemical stability of the phosphor is verified experimentally to be superior to that of the Sr2SiO4:Eu2+. This new proposed phosphor provides great potential in the color mixture of blending-free phosphor converted white NUV light emitting diode (LED) devices.     

Highly Fluorescent Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Nanostructures: Synthesis,Self‐Assembly,and Al3+ Ion Sensing

A highly fluorescent triazine‐bridged polymer, poly[(diphenylamino‐s‐triazine)‐co‐(2‐methoxy‐5‐propyloxysulfonate‐1,4‐phenylene vinylene)] (DTMSPV), is synthesized from Wittig polycondensation of a triazine monomer with a water‐soluble p‐phenylene vinylene monomer. The fluorescent amphiphilic polymer in aqueous solution self‐assembled into nanoassemblies of micelle‐like nanostructure (MS) and π stacking nanostructure (πS), which have average sizes of 93 to 270 nm, depending on the concentration of DTMSPV. The micelle‐like nanostructure of DTMSPV (MS) shows blue emission at 457 and 488 nm with a high emission quantum yield (Φ_E) of 31% in aqueous solution. On the other hand, the Φ_E of π stacking structures (πS), formed in a highly concentrated solution, is lower than the MS. The MS exhibits fluorescence quenching as well as color change from blue to green/yellow, depending on the kinds of metal ions. The metal ion sensitivity is larger in the order of the main group ions (Na⁺, K⁺) < dicationic transition metal ions (Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺, Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺, Pd²⁺) < trivalent transition metal ions (Fe³⁺, Ru³⁺), with an exception of Al³⁺. In particular, the fluorescence of MS is dramatically quenched with color change to yellow in response to Al³⁺ concentrations. The selectivity and sensitivity of MS to Al³⁺ are unusually high even in the presence of competitive metal ions, which can be attributed to the specific interaction of triazine units with Al³⁺.     

Electroluminescence of SrAl2O4:Eu phosphor

The SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ phosphor powders have been synthesized by sol-gel process. Electroluminescent (EL) properties of the SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ phosphor were investigated using a convenient thick film device. Green light emitting at a peak of 508 nm was obtained when driven by sine alternating current (AC). The color coordinate of the emission was x=0.148 and y=0.635. Luminance-voltage and afterglow characteristics of the SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ EL devices were studied. The results show that SrAl₂O₄:Eu²⁺ can be used as green phosphor for EL displays.     

Phthalocyanine‐Based 2D Conjugated Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheets for High‐Performance Micro‐Supercapacitors

2D conjugated metal‐organic frameworks (2D c‐MOFs) are emerging as a novel class of conductive redox‐active materials for electrochemical energy storage. However, developing 2D c‐MOFs as flexible thin‐film electrodes have been largely limited, due to the lack of capability of solution‐processing and integration into nanodevices arising from the rigid powder samples by solvothermal synthesis. Here, the synthesis of phthalocyanine‐based 2D c‐MOF (Ni₂[CuPc(NH)₈]) nanosheets through ball milling mechanical exfoliation method are reported. The nanosheets feature with average lateral size of ≈160 nm and mean thickness of ≈7 nm (≈10 layers), and exhibit high crystallinity and chemical stability as well as a p‐type semiconducting behavior with mobility of ≈1.5 cm² V^?1 s^?1 at room temperature. Benefiting from the ultrathin feature, the nanosheets allow high utilization of active sites and facile solution‐processability. Thus, micro‐supercapacitor (MSC) devices are fabricated mixing Ni₂[CuPc(NH)₈] nanosheets with exfoliated graphene, which display outstanding cycling stability and a high areal capacitance up to 18.9 mF cm^?2; the performance surpasses most of the reported conducting polymers‐based and 2D materials‐based MSCs.     

Electrospinning Derived One‐Dimensional LaOCl: Ln3+ (Ln = Eu/Sm,Tb, Tm) Nanofibers,Nanotubes and Microbelts with Multicolor‐Tunable Emission Properties

One‐dimensional LaOCl: Ln³⁺ (Ln³⁺ = Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺, Tb³⁺, Tm³⁺) nanofibers, nanotubes, and quasi‐1D microbelts are successfully prepared by a sol–gel/electrospinning process. XRD, FT‐IR, SEM, TEM, as well as photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescecne (CL) spectra are used to characterize the resulting samples. Through a heat treatment process at high temperature, the as‐prepared samples are well‐crystallized with the tetragonal structure of LaOCl. Under ultraviolet radiation and low‐voltage electron beam excitation, the LaOCl: Eu³⁺, LaOCl:Sm³⁺, LaOCl: Tb³⁺, and LaOCl: Tm³⁺ samples give the characteristic transitions of Eu³⁺ (⁵D_{0, 1, 2} → ⁷F_{0, 1, 2, 3, 4}), Sm³⁺ (⁴G_5/2 → ⁶H_{5/2, 7/2, 9/2}), Tb³⁺ (⁵D_{3, 4} → ⁷F_{2, 3, 4, 5, 6}), and Tm³⁺ (¹D₂, ¹G₄ → ³F₄, ³H₆), respectively. Moreover, there exists simultaneous luminescence of Tb³⁺, Tm³⁺, Eu³⁺, or Sm³⁺ individually when codoping them in the single‐phase LaOCl host (for example, LaOCl: Tb³⁺, Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺; LaOCl: Tm³⁺, Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺; LaOCl: Tb³⁺, Tm³⁺, Eu³⁺/Sm³⁺ systems), which is beneficial to tune the emission colors. Under low‐voltage electron beam excitation (1–5 kV), a variety of colors can be efficiently adjusted in a wide triangle region enveloped by three CIE chromaticity coordinate points [LaOCl:Eu³⁺, (x = 0.6039, y = 0.3796); LaOCl: Tb³⁺, (x = 0.2452, y = 0.5236); LaOCl: Tm³⁺, (x = 0.1456, y = 0.0702)] for mono‐ and co‐doped LaOCl: Ln³⁺ (Eu³⁺, Sm³⁺, Tb³⁺, Tm³⁺) samples, making these materials have potential applications in field‐emission display devices.     

Synthesis of New Europium Complexes and Their Application in Electroluminescent Devices

Several substituted phenanthrolines (L = pyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (PyPhen), 2‐methylpyrazino[2,3‐f][1,10]phenanthroline (MPP), dipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (DPPz), 11‐methyldipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (MDPz), 11,12‐dimethyldipyrido[3,2‐a:2′,3′‐c]phenazine (DDPz), and benzo[i]dipyrido[3,2‐a:2,3‐c]phenazine (BDPz)) were successfully prepared and europium complexes Eu(TTA)₃L (Eu‐L) based on these ligands were synthesized from EuCl₃, 2‐thenoyltrifluoroacetone (TTA) and L in good yields. Irradiation at the absorption band between 320–390 nm of all these europium complexes, except Eu‐BDPz, in solution or in the solid state leads to the emission of a sharp red band at ～ 612 nm, a characteristic Eu³⁺ emission due to the transition ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₂. No emission from the ligands was found. The result indicates that complete energy transfer from the ligand to the center Eu³⁺ ion occurs for these europium complexes. In contrast, the photoluminescence spectrum of Eu‐BDPz exhibits a strong emission at around 550 nm from the coordinated BDPz ligand and a weak emission at 612 nm from the central europium ion. Incomplete energy transfer from the ligand to the central Eu³⁺ ion was observed for the first time. Several electroluminescent devices ( A – I ) using Eu‐PyPhen, Eu‐MPP, Eu‐DPPz, and Eu‐DDPz as dopant emitters with the device configuration: TPD or NPB (50 nm)/Eu:CBP (1.7–7 %, 30 nm)/BCP (20–30 nm)/Alq (25–35 nm) (where TPD: 4,4′‐bis[N‐(p‐tolyl)‐N‐phenylamino]biphenyl; NPB: 4,4′‐bis[1‐naphthylphenylamino]biphenyl; CBP: 4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazole biphenyl; BCP: 2,9‐dimethyl‐4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline; Alq: tris[8‐hydroxyquinoline]aluminum) were fabricated. Some of these devices emit saturated red light and are the only europium complex‐based devices that show a brightness of more than 1000 cd m^–2.     

Plasmonic Dual‐Enhancement and Precise Color Tuning of Gold Nanorod@SiO2 Coupled Core–Shell–Shell Upconversion Nanocrystals

The last decade has witnessed the remarkable research progress of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) at the forefront of promising applications. However, the future development and application of UCNCs are constrained greatly by their underlying shortcomings such as significant nonradiative processes, low quantum efficiency, and single emission colors. Here a hybrid plasmonic upconversion nanostructure consisting of a GNR@SiO₂ coupled with NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺,Nd³⁺@NaGdF₄:Yb³⁺,Er³⁺@NaGdF₄ core–shell–shell UCNCs is rationally designed and fabricated, which exhibits strongly enhanced UC fluorescence (up to 20 folds) and flexibly tunable UC colors. The experimental findings show that controlling the SiO₂ spacer thickness enables readily manipulating the intensity ratio of the Er³⁺ red, green, and blue emissions, thereby allowing us to achieve the emission color tuning from pale yellow to green upon excitation at 808 nm. Electrodynamic simulations reveal that the tunable UC colors are due to the interplay of plasmon‐mediated simultaneous excitation and emission enhancements in the Er³⁺ green emission yet only excitation enhancement in the blue and red emissions. The results not only provide an upfront experimental design for constructing hybrid plasmonic UC nanostructures with high efficiency and color tunability, but also deepen the understanding of the interaction mechanism between the Er³⁺ emissions and plasmon resonances in such complex hybrid nanostructure.     

Blue–Green Emission in Terbium‐Doped Alumina (Tb:Al2O3) Transparent Ceramics

Alumina (Al₂O₃) is one of the most versatile ceramics, utilized in an amazing range of structural and optical applications. In fact, chromium‐doped single crystal Al₂O₃ was the basis for the first laser. Today, most photoluminescent (PL) materials rely on rare earth (RE) rather than transition‐metal dopants because RE doping produces greater efficiencies and lower lasing thresholds. RE‐doped alumina could provide an extremely versatile PL ceramic, opening the door for a host of new applications and devices. However, producing a transparent RE:Al₂O₃ suitable for PL applications is a major challenge due to the very low equilibrium solubility of RE (～10^?3%) in Al₂O₃ in addition to alumina's optical anisotropy. A method is presented here to successfully incorporate Tb³⁺ ions up to a concentration of 0.5 at% into a dense alumina matrix, achieving a transparent light‐emitting ceramic. Sub‐micrometer alumina and nanometric RE oxide powders are simultaneously densified and reacted using current‐activated, pressure‐assisted densification (CAPAD), often called spark plasma sintering (SPS). These doped ceramics have a high transmission (～75% at 800 nm) and display PL peaks centered at 485 nm and 543 nm, characteristic of Tb³⁺ emission. Additionally, the luminescent lifetimes are long and compare favorably with lifetimes of other laser ceramics. The high transparencies and PL properties of these ceramics have exciting prospects for high energy laser technology.     

Centimeter‐Sized Cs4PbBr6 Crystals with Embedded CsPbBr3 Nanocrystals Showing Superior Photoluminescence: Nonstoichiometry Induced Transformation and Light‐Emitting Applications

An HBr‐assisted slow cooling method is developed for the growth of centimeter‐sized Cs₄PbBr₆ crystals. The obtained crystals show strong green photoluminescence with absolute photoluminescence quantum yields up to 97%. More importantly, the evolution process and structural characterizations support that the nonstoichiometry of initial Cs₄PbBr₆ crystals induce the formation of nanosized CsPbBr₃ nanocrystals in crystalline Cs₄PbBr₆ matrices. Furthermore, high efficiency and wide color gamut prototype white light‐emitting diode devices are also demonstrated by combining the highly luminescent Cs₄PbBr₆ crystals as green emitters and commercial K₂SiF₆:Mn⁴⁺ phosphor as red emitters with blue emitting GaN chips. The optimized devices generate high‐quality white light with luminous efficiency of ≈151 lm W⁻¹ and color gamut of 90.6% Rec. 2020 at 20 mA, which is much better than that based on conventional perovskite nanocrystals. The combination of improved efficiency and better stability with comparable color quality provides an alternative choice for liquid crystal display backlights.     

Hydrogen‐Assisted Growth of Ultrathin Te Flakes with Giant Gate‐Dependent Photoresponse

Tellurium (Te), as an elementary material, has attracted intense attention due to its potentially novel properties. However, it is still a great challenge to realize high‐quality 2D Te due to its helical chain structure. Here, ultrathin Te flakes (5 nm) are synthesized via hydrogen‐assisted chemical vapor deposition method. The density functional theory calculations and experiments confirm the growth mechanism, which can be ascribed to the formation of volatile intermediates increasing vapor pressure of the source and promoting the reaction. Impressively, the Te flake‐based transistor shows high on/off ratio ≈10⁴, ultralow off‐state current ≈8 × 10^?13 A, as well as a negligible hysteresis due to reducing thermally activated defects at 80 K. Moreover, Te‐flake‐based phototransistor demonstrates giant gate‐dependent photoresponse: when gate voltage varies from ?70 to 70 V, I_on/I_off is increased by ≈40‐fold. The hydrogen‐assisted strategy may provide a new approach for synthesizing other high quality 2D elementary materials.     

The First 2D Hybrid Perovskite Ferroelectric Showing Broadband White‐Light Emission with High Color Rendering Index

Luminescent ferroelectrics have attracted considerable attention in terms of integrated photoelectronic devices, most of which are focused on the multicomponent systems of rare‐earth doping ferroelectric ceramics. However, bulk ferroelectricity with coexistence of strong white‐light emission, especially in the single‐component system, remains quite rare. Here, a new organic–inorganic hybrid ferroelectric of (C₄H₉NH₃)₂PbCl₄ ( 1 ) is reported, adopting a 2D layered perovskite architecture, which exhibits an unprecedented coexistence of notable ferroelectricity and intrinsic white‐light emission. Decent above‐room‐temperature spontaneous polarization of ≈2.1 µC cm^?2 is confirmed for 1 . Particularly, it also exhibits brilliant broadband white‐light emission with a high color‐rendering‐index up to 86 under UV excitation. Structural analyses indicate that ferroelectricity of 1 originates from molecular reorientation of dynamic organic cations, as well as significant structural distortion of PbCl₆ octahedra that also contribute to its white‐light emission. This work paves an avenue to design new hybrid ferroelectrics for multifunctional application in the photoelectronic field.     

BaSi2O5荧光粉中Eu2+的制备，电子结构和荧光性质

绿色发射磷光剂BaSi2O5：Eu2+是由常见的固体反应合成。在CASTEP代码中,BaSi2O5可视为存在3.2eV直能隙的媒介带隙半导体。正如预期所料的,BaSi2O5光学带隙的计算值比对应的实验值低。200-400nm宽光谱范围可以有效地激活活化的Eu2 的BaSi2O5磷光剂,当最大半宽为95nm时,500nm处有一个发射峰。浓度和发射强度的研究表明Eu2 的最优浓度是0.05mol,当Eu2 容量超过临界值时,会出现浓度淬灭。最优条件的BaSi2O5的外量子效率：在315nm、350nm和365nm的激发下,Eu2 分别是96.1%、70.2%和62.1%。样品优越的光学性能表明绿色发射磷光剂可替代白光LED。     

Effect of strontium nitride on the properties of Sr2Si5N8：Eu2＋ red phosphor

The nitride phosphor Sr₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺ was synthesized by the high temperature solid-state method. The properties of Sr₂Si₅N₈:Eu²⁺ were discussed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) scanning electron microscope (SEM) and spectra analysis. The XRD pattern shows that the single phase produces when strontium nitride is a bit excessive. The SEM photo implies that the excessive strontium nitride works as a flux in the reaction system. The position of emission peak is also located at about 612 nm as strontium nitride is excessive. The luminescent intensity of the phosphor adding excessive strontium nitride is higher than that of the phosphor introducing stoichiometric strontium nitride. The optimized content of nitride strontium was 2.05 mol/mol for the obtained phosphor with excellent properties.     

Flux-adjusted phase transformation from Ca2SiO4 to Ca3Si2O7 with Eu2+ activator for white light emitting diodes

Eu2+ -activated reddish-orange-emitting Ca3Si2O7 phosphors were synthesized with the addition of NH4Cl flux.When the phosphors were synthesized in a nominal composition of (Ca0.99Eu0.01)3Si2O7 without flux addition,a Ca3Si2O7 phase responsible for reddish-orange emission was identified to coexist with an intermediate phase of a-Ca2SiO4 for green emission.With the addition of NH4Cl flux,a-Ca2SiO4 was suppressed while the pure phase Ca3Si2O7 was obtained as the flux content was 3 wt%.Through varying the amount of flux,the emission color of samples can be tuned from green to reddish-orange,corresponding to the phase transformation from a-Ca2SiO4 to Ca3Si2O7.Through optimizing the doping concentration of Eu2+ ,the optimized photoluminescence (PL) properties for reddish-orange emission can be achieved,which makes this kind of phosphor prospective in the applications of the phosphor-converted white light emitting diodes (PC-WLEDs).