不同接种量对玉米秸秆发酵的影响

本试验以玉米秸秆作为原料,改变接种比例,在温度38℃条件下采用批量发酵工艺进行高浓度厌氧发酵,研究不同接种量条件下的产气效果。试验表明：接种物与玉米秸秆TS的比例为1．10,Vs的比例为0．79时,厌氧发酵产沼气的效果最佳,TS产气率为412ml／g,VS产气率为470ml／g。     

接种量对草莓酒发酵特性的影响

采用裂殖酵母（Schizosaccharomyces pombe）的接种量分别为3%、5%、7%和9%（V/V）,在25 ℃条件下制备草莓酒,比较不同 接种量草莓酒发酵的降糖速率、产酒精速率、产酸量及香气成分含量等发酵特性的影响。 结果表明,随着接种量在3%～7%的范围内 增加,降糖和产酒精速率越高,产酸量越低;当接种量达到9%时,产酒精速率降低;在发酵后期的草莓酒中,随接种量增大,丁酸乙 酯、乙酸异戊酯、正丙醇、正丁醇和异丁醇含量升高,乙酸乙酯、乳酸乙酯和异戊醇含量先升高后降低,而β-苯乙醇含量与接种量无明 显相关。7%接种量的草莓酒具有较高的酯和高级醇含量,发酵降糖、产酒精速率快,产酸量适中,同时兼具较高的香气质量。 因此,草 莓酒发酵的适宜接种量为7%（V/V）（7×107 CFU/mL）。     

酵母接种量对发酵性能和啤酒质量的影响

本文通过中试研究阐明了发酵接种速率(接种量)对发酵性能和最终啤酒质量的影响.四个发酵器接种的酵母细胞浓度从12.8至74.9百万细胞/mL--相当于普通高浓发酵接种量的1/2至4倍.观察了高接种量发酵液的峰值.对四个发酵器而言,净酵母增殖量不变.在低接种量的发酵啤酒中发现了高水平浓度的酯、高级醇和酒花复合物.本实验集中研究以葡萄糖作为可发酵糖,接种量对啤酒成分和风味的影响.     

乳酸菌接种量对发酵猪耳西式火腿品质的影响

以猪耳为原料经乳酸菌发酵加工西式火腿，探讨了在发酵猪耳西式火腿加工过程中乳酸菌接种量对产品的物性（包括硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、凝聚性、粘着性和脆性）、出品率、pH值以及感官品质的影响。结果表明：以保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）和植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）按l：l的比例组合。发酵24h计，乳酸菌接种量为15％（菌种培养液体积：浸泡液体积×100）时，产品可获得较为理想的酸度和感官评分，而乳酸菌接种量对产品的物性和出品率没有明显规律性影响。     

接种量对高浓发酵及风味物质的影响

用贮藏酵母研究了接种量对高浓麦汁发酵及风味物质生成的影响。通过总糖、酵母生长对发酵性能的跟踪测试，分析发酵结束时高级醇、酯和羰基化合物的含量，对挥发性化合物进行评价。在较高的接种水平下，可以得到较高的发酵速率和酵母数；随接种量增加，2-甲基-1-丁醇，3-甲基-1-丁醇和乙酸异戊酯含量降低，而2-甲基-1-丙醇含量升高。较低的接种量会导致双乙酰和2，3-戊二酮的生成。     

接种量对红薯酒糟沼气发酵的影响

研究不同接种量对红薯酒糟中温厌氧发酵的影响,探求红薯酒糟厌氧发酵的最佳接种量.在45℃时,比较4种不同接种量对红薯酒糟中温厌氧发酵过程中产气率、pH值、氨基态氮(NH4+-N)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)浓度、甲烷百分含量及TS、CODcr的去除效果的影响.结果表明:随着接种量的增加,微生物的积累周期减短,有利于产气高峰提前,缩短产气周期;同时能提高发酵系统酸碱的缓冲能力.其中,50%接种量的总产气率、甲烷平均百分含量及TS和COD去除率最高,分别为124.14%、66.37%、35.77%、47.90%;pH值都在正常发酵范围内.     

不同乳酸菌接种量进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵对葡萄酒质量的影响

本文将优良酒类酒球菌茵系SD-2h(Oenococcus oeni)接种到赤霞珠干红葡萄酒原酒中进行苹果酸-乳酸发酵,研究了不同接种量对葡萄酒质量的影响.结果表明,随着接种量的增大,苹果酸-乳酸发酵速度加快,挥发酸逐级升高.不同接种量对葡萄酒的色泽产生不同影响,苹果酸等有机酸含量差异不大,而柠檬酸含量差异显著.     

剪切力对必特螺旋霉素发酵的影响

目的 考察剪切力对必特螺旋霉素发酵的影响.方法 考察摇瓶发酵过程中玻璃珠数量、添加玻璃珠时间及不同发酵阶段添加玻璃珠对发酵的影响.50 L发酵罐上,通过改变搅拌速度调整对菌体的剪切力,并考查不同发酵阶段剪切力对发酵的影响.结果 随着玻璃珠数的增加,菌体浓度和必特螺旋霉素产量下降明显;48 h时添加玻璃珠对必特螺旋霉素合成有促进效果,效价提高8%,且菌体浓度变化不大.发酵前期(0～48 h)和发酵后期(72～96 h),过强的剪切力会对发酵产生不利的影响.在50 L发酵罐上,不同发酵阶段调整剪切力,使发酵产物单位数比对照提高1 6.7%.结论 剪切力对必特螺旋霉素发酵有显著影响.     

接种发酵对酸菜品质的影响

以青菜为原料,选用鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌3种乳酸菌进行人工接种试验,设计了7个配方,发酵时间为8d,研究发酵菌种对酸菜总酸含量和亚硝酸盐含量的影响,确定最适合酸菜发酵的菌种,并研究接种发酵对酸菜的氨基酸含量和挥发性风味物质成分的影响。结果表明,当鼠李糖乳杆菌、嗜酸乳杆菌和发酵乳杆菌的比例为1:1:1时,酸菜总酸含量升高最快,亚硝酸盐含量最低且无明显的亚硝峰出现,为最适合酸菜发酵的菌种。接种发酵酸菜的氨基酸种类和含量均高于自然发酵的酸菜,挥发性风味物质成分的种类和相对含量均低于自然发酵的酸菜。     

不同种类植物油及脂肪酸对螺旋霉素生物合成影响

在螺旋霉素发酵中添加不同种类植物油时,发现不同种类植物油对其效价的影响不同,河北油(简称大豆油)的效果最好。为了解释不同种类植物油对螺旋霉素发酵存在差异的原因,通过GC–MS测定了各植物油中的脂肪酸含量,并进行了单一添加各脂肪酸、组合不同脂肪酸以及缺项组合各脂肪酸的试验,确认了亚油酸及脂肪酸的复杂程度是影响螺旋霉素效价的主要因素,并得出了螺旋霉素效价最高时的最优脂肪酸比例,为工业生产采购优质油提供了参考标准。     

Cassava detoxication during tapé fermentation with traditional inoculum

Tapé ketela is a traditional Indonesian fermented cassava product using ragi as inoculum. Cassava fermented with 0.2–0.4% ragi produced a characteristic flavour and sweet-sour alcoholic taste. After 3 days' fermentation the pH decreased from 6.54 to 5.06–5.17, titratable acidity increased from 0.07 to 0.22–0.26%, reducing and total sugars increased from 1.1 to 21.4–22.0% and 3.9 to 22.9–23.5%, respectively, while alcohol content increased from less than 0.01 to 2.02–2.12%. Total cyanide loss during fermentation was 58–87%. Most cyanide was lost during steaming (40–70%) while 9–35% was lost during 3 days fermentation. Sensory evaluation revealed no significant differences in flavour, texture and colour (P > 0.01) of tapé prepared by two different methods. Tapé prepared from dried cassava (gaplek) did not develop characteristic organoleptic properties.     

Detoxification of cassava during fermentation with a mixed culture inoculum

The efficacy of a mixed culture inoculum in detoxifying intact cassava tuber and peel pieces was investigated. Fermented cassava tuber and peel pieces had more linamarase activity than the non-fermented control samples and this might have resulted partly from the release of endogenous linamarase from the retted tuber/peel pieces and partly due to the microbial linamarase. Approximately 24–26% of the total cyanide remained in the bound form in the fermented tuber while 67–79% existed as bound cyanide in the non-fermented controls. In cassava peels, only 15–33% of total cyanide remained in bound form after 72 h fermentation while 58–59% cyanide existed in bound form in the parallel non-fermented control peels. Free cyanide which could be easily eliminated through sun-drying was present at higher concentrations in the fermented tuber and peel compared with the non-fermented samples. The study showed that cassava tuber and peel could be extensively detoxified through fermentation with a mixed culture inoculum.     

食盐浓度对传统四川泡菜发酵过程中乳酸菌菌相的影响

研究了萝卜、白菜、豇豆3种蔬菜原料的泡菜自然发酵过程中,不同盐浓度对乳酸菌数量及产酸量的影响,以及在6%食盐浓度下,采用新老泡菜水泡制3种蔬菜的乳酸菌群变化。结果表明6%的盐浓度最适宜3种蔬菜的乳酸发酵,在同一盐浓度6%新盐水中,乳酸发酵的速度白菜>萝卜>豇豆;在6%的老盐水中,3种蔬菜发酵速度差异不明显。从3种发酵蔬菜泡菜水分离鉴定共得到6株革兰氏阳性菌株,其中4株为食窦魏斯氏菌(Weissella cibaria),1株为柠檬明串珠菌(Leuconostoc citreum),1株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)。四川泡菜生产宜充分考虑原材料差异性及利用老盐水优势性。     

姬松茸发酵种龄筛选及发酵动力学分析

研究了不同种龄对姬松茸液体发酵过程中菌丝体干质量、胞外多糖含量、蔗糖利用率的影响,并运用动力学分析的方法对姬松茸菌体发酵菌丝体干质量、胞外多糖含量、蔗糖利用率、溶氧进行相关分析。结果表明,4 d种龄的姬松茸发酵液的菌丝体干质量、胞外多糖含量和蔗糖利用率均优于其他种龄的姬松茸发酵液,且通过5 L发酵罐放大试验菌丝体干质量、胞外多糖含量、蔗糖利用率分别为1.417 g/100 mL、6.967 g/L、82.5%,较摇瓶发酵培养分别提高了45.37%、20.41%、5.87%。通过各发酵参数的相关性分析表明,姬松茸液体深层发酵菌丝体干质量、胞外多糖含量同蔗糖利用率、溶氧之间存在一定的相关性。     

发酵工艺条件对葡萄酒中白藜芦醇的影响

结 合 干 红 葡 萄 酒 的 生 产 工 艺 ,实 验 室 模 拟 部 分 发 酵 工 艺 条 件 , 采 用 H PLC 直 接 进 样 方 法 检 测 了 发 酵 期 间 葡 萄 酒 中 的 白 藜 芦 醇 ,以 确 定 葡 萄 品 种 、酵 母 菌 、发 酵 温 度 和 循 环 等 工 艺 条 件 对 葡 萄 酒 中 白 藜 芦 醇 含 量 的 影 响 ,发 现 :葡 萄 品 种 对 葡 萄 酒 中 白 藜 芦 醇 含 量 的 影 响 显 著 , 以 赤 霞 珠 酿 造 的 葡 萄 酒 中 白 藜 芦 醇 含 量 达 到 4.32m g/L,而 梅 露 辄 葡 萄 酒 中 含 量 仅 为 2.04m g/L;不 同 酵 母 菌 发 酵 液 对 葡 萄 果 皮 的 浸 渍 作 用 不 同 ,从 而 形 成 白 藜 芦 醇 含 量 的 差 异 ,采 用 贝 酵 母 发 酵 , 葡 萄 酒 中 白 藜 芦 醇 含 量 高 于 D 254酵 母 ; 提 高 发 酵 温 度 可 以 明 显 促 进 果 品 中 白 藜 芦 醇 的 溶 出 ,发 酵 温 度 在 28℃时 ,白 藜 芦 醇 总 量 比 对 照 提 高 了 32%,而 增 加 循 环 对 果 皮 中 白 藜 芦 醇 溶 出 的 促 进 作 用 有 限 。     

Effect of inoculum conditioning on hydrogen fermentation and pH effect on bacterial community relevant to hydrogen production

The effect of conditioning for a variety of inoculums on fermentative hydrogen production was investigated. In addition, the effects of pH condition on hydrogen fermentation and bacterial community were investigated. The effect of conditioning on hydrogen production was different depending on the inoculum types. An appreciable hydrogen production was shown with anaerobic digested sludge and lake sediment without conditioning, however, no hydrogen was produced when refuse compost and kiwi grove soil were used as inoculums without conditioning. The highest hydrogen production was obtained with heat-conditioned anaerobic digested sludge, almost the same production was also obtained with unconditioned digested sludge. The pH condition considerably affected hydrogen fermentation, hydrogen gas was efficiently produced with unconditioned anaerobic sludge when the pH was controlled at 6.0 throughout the culture period and not when only the initial pH was adjusted to 6.0 and 7.0. Hydrogen production decreased when the culture pH was only adjusted at the beginning of each batch in continuous batch culture, and additionally, bacterial community varied with the change in hydrogen production. It was suggested that Clostridium and Coprothermobacter species played important role in hydrogen fermentation, and Lactobacillus species had an adverse effect on hydrogen production.     

Functional properties of the starchy flour extracted from cassava on fermentation with a mixed culture inoculum

The functional properties of the starchy flour extracted from six varieties of cassava subjected to fermentation by a mixed culture inoculum comprised of lactobacilli, streptococci, corynebacteria and yeast cells are examined. Apparent reduction in total and soluble amylose contents is observed. Differential scanning calorimetry of the samples indicated that the enthalpy of gelatinisation was reduced, while the gelatinisation temperature was enhanced. A marked reduction in Brabender viscosity values of starch from fermented tuber was observed, but the X-ray diffraction pattern was unaffected. All these changes were attributed to the presence of fibrous material and consequent reduction of starch in unit volume rather than any change in the starch granule structure.     

The effect of inoculum level on the formation of higher alcohols,fatty acids and esters in the malt whisky fermentation

The levels of higher alcohols, fatty acids and esters formed in a small-scale whisky fermentation which had been inoculated with different amounts of yeast was investigated. The total level of higher alcohols increased with increasing inoculum levels. However, the relative levels of propanol, isobutanol, amyl alcohols and 2-phenyl ethanol were unaffected. The levels of octanoic, decanoic and dodecanoic acids and their ethyl esters were depressed at inoculum levels above 2 × 10⁷ cells ml^?1. Varying the inoculum levels did not have a consistent effect on the acetate esters of the higher alcohols. However, the highest values were obtained at inoculum levels 4 × 10⁷ cells ml^?1.