影响室内采暖温度的几种因素

针对采暖期内部分建筑室内温度达不到要求的情况，从散热器量的多少、采暖管道的设计及暖气的位置等方面进行了分析，并提出了一些具体的解决办法，以达到采暖的需求。     

Criegee intermediates in the indoor environment: new insights

Criegee intermediates are formed in the ozonolysis of alkenes and play an important role in indoor chemistry, notably as a source of OH radicals. Recent studies have shown that these Criegee intermediates react very quickly with NO₂, SO₂, and carbonyls, and in this study, steady‐state calculations are used to inspect the potential impact of these data on indoor chemistry. It is shown that these reactions could accelerate NO₃ formation and SO₂ removal in the indoor environment significantly. In addition, reaction between Criegee intermediates and halogenated carbonyls could provide a significant loss process indoors, where currently one does not exist.     

室内空气净化材料及标准发展概况

本文简要介绍了目前国内市场上的室内空气净化材料,考查了净化材料对甲醛和甲苯两种有害物质的净化水平.同时,调研了蓬勃发展的净化材料领域现行的各种相关标准,并分析了各种标准的适甩范围和优缺点.介绍了由中国建筑材料科学研究总院起草的"室内空气净化功能涂覆材料净化性能"标准制定情况.     

Thermal diary: Connecting temperature history to indoor comfort

To explore the relationship between thermal history and indoor comfort, surveys and measurements were conducted in Seoul, Korea and Yokohama, Japan. Fifty-two subjects were recruited from university campuses in Seoul and Yokohama during the hot season in August 2002. To collect information regarding people's daily thermal history, background questions (a thermal diary) were completed by subjects during the 24 h prior to entering in a climate chamber. Subjects changed into uniform clothing ensembles and complete thermal diary questions just prior to entering the chamber which was pre-conditioned to 28 °C and 50% relative humidity. Subjects entered the chamber and completed a set of thermal comfort questions at 10-min intervals for 1 h. Thermal history, prior to the chamber experiment, influenced the thermal sensation in chamber. Though the physical conditions in the climate chamber were identical (28 °C, 50% rh), Yokohama subjects responded with cooler thermal sensations than Seoul subjects. These subjects experienced hotter weather conditions (than the Seoul subjects) and voted that they felt cooler than the Seoul subjects who experienced cooler temperatures prior to entering the chamber. It was also found that subjects who use air-conditioning at home responded with warmer thermal sensations than the subjects who did not use air-conditioning. These results indicate that there is a strong interaction and influence of our experience with outdoor weather and our indoor thermal comfort.     

采用辐射温度传感器的室温测量

介绍了辐射温度传感器的特点、构成及测温原理，并进行实验和实际测量，给出测量参数，认为辐射温度传感器具有遥感式测量、测量对象为一个区域、测量值可反映周围环境的热辐射的特点，在大空间空调系统室温测量中其性能优于传统的空气接触式温度传感器。     

Uncovering temporal underpinnings of project management standards

The modern experience of time is one of increasing time pressure, acceleration and scarcity. Project management goes hand in hand with those phenomena, as time management and deadlines are put at the forefront of this discipline. The importance of time in project management invites inquiries into how it is defined. This article proposes to uncover the way time is conceived in two project management bodies of knowledge. Based on content analysis, this research shows that both standards draw on a quantitative and objective conception of time and evoke acceleration and time scarcity. This article reveals that project management standards reflect and at the same time contribute to those temporal phenomena of acceleration and time scarcity. As such, by identifying how time is commonly conceived in important sources of knowledge on project management, this study enriches our understanding of the current temporal experience marked by time pressure.     

Adaptive temperature limits: A new guideline in The Netherlands: A new approach for the assessment of building performance with respect to thermal indoor climate

The first guidelines for thermal comfort in buildings in The Netherlands were developed in the late 70s and in the 80s. They were based on the PMV-PPD relationship. In this article new guidelines are presented, based on the international research on adaptive thermal comfort. Two building/climate types are introduced: “Alpha” and “Beta”, analogous to the categories in the field studies on adaptive thermal comfort. For each building/climate type operative indoor temperature limits are given as a function of the running mean outdoor temperature and classified according to NPR-CR 1752. Finally some initial temperature simulations are shown, the results of which are plotted in the new comfort zone.     

新型室内供水管材

本文从冷镀锌钢管给水管材的问题引出了现代新型的给水管材,并从管材的特性、价格、安装等多方面进行了比较,并根据各种管材在建筑中的应用范围分类,针对不同部分的管材应用及施工情况进行了归纳和总结。     

Assessment of human exposure to indoor organic contaminants via dust ingestion in Pakistan

Ingestion of indoor dust has been acknowledged as an important route of exposure to organic contaminants (OCs). We investigated the presence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in indoor floor dust from rural homes (N=31) and mosques (N=12) in Gujrat, Pakistan. Low concentrations were observed for most contaminants. OPFRs were the principle contaminants, with tri-(2-butoxyethyl)-phosphate (TBEP) and tri-phenyl-phosphate (TPP) having medians of 66 and 109 ng/g, respectively. PBDEs were only minor constituents in the investigated samples, with BDE 209 (median 40 ng/g) being the most important congener. Levels and profile of ∑PBDEs, ∑NBFRs, ∑HCHs, ∑DDTs, and ∑PCBs revealed no difference (P<0.05) between samples of dust from homes and mosques, indicating similar emission sources. Exposure scenarios using 5th percentile, median, mean, and 95th percentile levels were estimated for both adult and toddlers. Typical high-end, using median levels and high dust ingestion, exposure for adults were 0.02, 0.02, 0.03, <0.01, and 0.65 ng/kg bw/day and for toddlers 0.39, 0.45, 0.69, 0.01, and 15.2 ng/kg bw/day for ∑PBDEs, ∑NBFRs, ∑OCPs, ∑PCBs, and ∑OPFRs, respectively. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first study to document the presence of indoor OCs in Pakistani dust. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: This is the first report on the analysis of various contaminants in indoor dust from Pakistan. Some of these chemicals are currently being used in different consumer products. The study will help to further an understanding of the levels of different organic contaminants (OCs) in Pakistani indoor environments and will enlighten the generally ignored area of environmental pollution in Pakistan. Furthermore, studies based on animal models have shown that some of the analyzed chemicals can cause different types of chronic toxicities. However, our results showed that the levels of estimated exposure via dust ingestion for all chemicals were several orders of magnitude lower than their reference dose (RfD) values or than those reported in studies from Belgium, China, Singapore, and the UK (Ali et al., 2011a; Harrad et al., 2008; Tan et al., 2007a,b; Van den Eede et al., 2011a; Wang et al., 2010).     

如何使安全标准“落地”—iSave项目分享

为了使数百个相关的安全标准“落地”,被基层员工所掌握应用,我们从提炼要点、归类编排、可视化、基层落地几个方面着手,实施了iSave项目并取得实效,在此进行分享。     

低温地板辐射供暖系统室内温度场的实验研究

基于对双回形铺设地板辐射供暖系统的实验研究,得到了室内温度随高度及供暖时间的变化曲线,以及水流量、供水温度对室内温度的影响.     

A new method of determination of indoor temperature and relative humidity with consideration of human thermal comfort

A new method is described in this article for selecting indoor temperature and indoor relative humidity to achieve minimum energy consumption for a required indoor thermal comfort level which is evaluated with indoor effective temperature. This method is derived from a central air-conditioning system and is based on our investigation that under a same indoor effective temperature, the system cooling load and the system energy consumption increase with an increase of indoor temperature. As such, energy consumption cannot be reduced with increasing indoor temperature for a given human thermal comfort level. In order to reduce energy consumption while keeping a same indoor thermal comfort level, indoor temperature and relative humidity may be determined with the proposed method described in this article. With the proposed method, a parameter variation study has also been conducted, which suggests that for a given indoor effective temperature, a combination of high indoor relative humidity and low indoor temperature be generally taken. The proposed method is based on the central air-conditioning system; yet it can be easily extended to other systems.     

浅谈对水泥新标准的认识

从水泥质量管理角度出发,阐述了水泥品种、强度等级、混合材品种等方面的新标准,总结了实施新标准工作中应注意的问题,从而有效地提高我国水泥产品的整体质量和水平,消除在材料环节可能给建筑物带来的安全隐患。     

温度法供暖热计量分配系统的研究

介绍了基于室内温度的供暖热计量分配系统的工作原理和系统构成,分析了开窗对热费分摊结果的影响。试点工程测试结果表明,这种以等舒适度等热费为原则的热计量收费方法具有设备投资少、收费简单的优点,适合在既有建筑及新建建筑中应用。     

Radiant floors integrated with PCM for indoor temperature control

The control of indoor thermal comfort in buildings through thermal inertia during the summer season plays a fundamental role in the design of energy efficient buildings, especially in the Mediterranean climate. In fact, lightweight, highly insulated buildings cannot provide the necessary mass to buffer thermal gains. Phase change materials (PCM) have been used to provide lightweight building components with the required thermal inertia without increasing their overall mass. So far the integration of PCM into lightweight piped radiant floors for the control of thermal comfort during summer cooling regimes has not been investigated. This paper reports the development of a lightweight piped radiant floor prototype with an integrated PCM layer aimed at buffering internal gains at constant temperature during summer cooling regimes without affecting its winter warming capacity. Both the construction of the laboratory specimens and the development of the optimized finite element models are detailed and the assessment of the floor performance in a simulated room is discussed.     

建筑密封胶及其新标准

介绍了建筑密封胶的概况、分类以及相关的国家和行业标准,并对2009年颁布的4项密封胶国家标准作了简单剖析.     

Effects of perceived indoor temperature on daylight glare perception

This research investigates the effects of perceived indoor temperature on glare sensation. A laboratory experiment was carried out where volunteers (n?=?19) performed an office-like computer task. Three scenarios with sunspots over the desk were evaluated: a cold scenario, a comfort scenario and a hot scenario. All had the same vertical illuminance at the eye and luminance ratios. Discomfort glare was measured with the predictive daylight glare probability (DGP) model; actual perception of glare was assessed with glare sensation vote (GSV) scale; while thermal comfort was evaluated with thermal sensation vote (TSV) scale. In order to know how much the perceived temperature contributes to the model, an ordinal regression was performed. The result showed a Nagelkerke pseudo-R²?=?0.52, p =?0.001, indicating that the perceived temperature affected glare predictions. This is an improvement in the understanding of daylight glare, which will allow researchers and practitioners to make informed decisions about sustainable design and occupant comfort. In conclusion, a more comprehensive glare model should include perceived temperature as a variable of the current glare model. Also, the results suggest that DGP should be used only when the person is in thermal comfort.