室温合成团聚AuPd纳米粒子及其电催化性质(英文)

室温下以水合肼为还原剂,在N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中合成了团聚态的AuPd双金属纳米粒子。X射线衍射(XRD)表征结果证明,所合成的AuPd纳米粒子具有面心立方结构。高分辨透射电子显微镜表征表明,AuPd纳米粒子表面存在大量孪晶结构和晶面层错等表面缺陷。活性评价结果表明,具有高密度晶面缺陷的双团聚态AuPd纳米粒子对甲醇氧化表现出较好的催化活性。     

Ultrafast Synthesis of Novel Hexagonal Phase NaBiF4 Upconversion Nanoparticles at Room Temperature

Upconversion (UC) nanoparticles (UCNPs) have evoked considerable attention in many fields owing to their fascinating features. However, rigorous synthesis conditions and expensive raw materials often limit their further applications. Here, a novel hexagonal phase NaBiF₄ UC matrix through a very facile method (one min only at room temperature) is synthesized. The nanoparticles show good monodispersity with uniform size. Under the 980 nm irradiation, Yb³⁺/Ln³⁺ (Ln = Er, Ho, Tm) codoped NaBiF₄ nanoparticles show excellent UC luminescence (UCL). This super facile synthesis strategy and excellent matrix materials enable to achieve UCL in such low temperature, opening a new gateway for the UCNPs applied to a variety of areas in the future.     

离子液体法制备铜的纳米粒子

利用化学还原方法，加入不同量的离子液体1-甲基-3-乙基咪唑硫酸乙酯盐，制备了不同大小的金属铜的纳米摘要粒子。采用X射线衍射和透射电子显微镜对所制备的样品进行了结构表征。结果表明，两个样品中的粒子都具有五边形和六边形结构，粒径约为200～300nm，离子液体不但作为分散剂影响粒子的大小，而且有一定的防氧化作用。     

室温离子液体中铜纳米微粒的制备及表征

在氩气保护下,以室温离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐{[BMI][PF6]}为介质,用钠-钾合金还原氯化亚铜,制备了铜纳米微粒.利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、傅立叶转换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)及X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)表征了所制备铜纳米微粒的形貌和结构;采用UMT-2摩擦磨损试验机考察了铜纳米微粒对离子液体减摩抗磨性能的影响.结果表明:在40℃下反应1 h所制得的铜纳米微粒具有立方相结构,其粒径在40～50 nm之间,粒径分布比较均匀;铜纳米微粒反而使得离子液体[BMI][PF6]的减摩抗磨性能变差,显示两者具有对抗效应,不宜复配使用.     

室温条件下纳米银的温和制备和形貌调控

目的 探究室温条件下不同还原剂以及其他实验助剂在化学还原纳米银过程中对其颗粒粒径、尺寸分布和形貌的影响。方法 以抗坏血酸为还原剂,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）为分散剂,柠檬酸钠为保护剂和第2还原剂,选择葡萄糖和硼氢化钠作对照,在室温下通过化学还原的方法来制备纳米银颗粒。通过马尔文激光粒度仪、紫外–可见光谱（UV–vis）、透射电镜（TEM）等对所制备纳米银进行表征。结果 采用抗坏血酸作为还原剂时,通过调控抗坏血酸体积（0.2 mL）,固定柠檬酸钠和PVP体积分别为0.5、0.6 mL,制备出粒径较小（平均粒径为56 nm）且尺寸分布较均一的球形纳米银;采用葡萄糖和硼氢化钠作还原剂时纳米银颗粒尺寸过大（平均粒径分别为216nm和189nm）。结论 采用抗坏血酸作为还原剂,调控柠檬酸钠、PVP等实验参数在最佳范围,更容易制备出球形度好、粒径小的均匀纳米银溶液。     

纯钼薄板温热条件下的各向异性及本构建模研究

目的研究交叉轧制纯钼薄板温热条件下的各向异性和本构关系。方法对纯钼薄板进行不同温度及方向下的拉伸实验,根据各向异性的特征并基于Hu2003屈服准则,以修正的Johnson-Cook模型对屈服准则的参数进行识别,建立考虑温度和应变的屈服准则。结果退火后的纯钼薄板具有一定的面内各向异性和显著的厚向异性,面内各向异性随温度升高而减弱,厚向异性对温度不敏感;加入温度变量的Hu2003屈服准则对不同温度下的屈服面描述较为准确,室温及100℃时屈服面减小速率较大,温度高于300℃时,屈服面减小速率减小并趋于稳定,屈服面形状并未发生明显扭曲变形;屈服面随应变增加未出现较为明显的扭曲强化现象。结论对钼板各向异性和本构关系的研究可用于指导钼板件冲压成形。     

Synthesis and Biomedical Applications of Copper Sulfide Nanoparticles: From Sensors to Theranostics

Copper sulfide (CuS) nanoparticles have attracted increasing attention from biomedical researchers across the globe, because of their intriguing properties which have been mainly explored for energy‐ and catalysis‐related applications to date. This focused review article aims to summarize the recent progress made in the synthesis and biomedical applications of various CuS nanoparticles. After a brief introduction to CuS nanoparticles in the first section, we will provide a concise outline of the various synthetic routes to obtain different morphologies of CuS nanoparticles, which can influence their properties and potential applications. CuS nanoparticles have found broad applications in vitro, especially in the detection of biomolecules, chemicals, and pathogens which will be illustrated in detail. The in vivo uses of CuS nanoparticles have also been investigated in preclinical studies, including molecular imaging with various techniques, cancer therapy based on the photothermal properties of CuS, as well as drug delivery and theranostic applications. Research on CuS nanoparticles will continue to thrive over the next decade, and tremendous opportunities lie ahead for potential biomedical/clinical applications of CuS nanoparticles.     

二硫化钼粉体的表面改性研究

为了得到良好亲油性的二硫化钼(MoS2)粉体,采用湿法改性工艺,分别以硅烷偶联剂(KH570)、硬脂酸(SA)及其复合改性剂对MoS2粉体进行表面改性,并进行粉体悬浮液的浊度、活化指数等分析。结果表明:改性MoS2粉体疏水亲油性提高;对改性前后的MoS2粉体进行了FT-IR及XRD的结构表征,结果表明,粉体粒子表面成功地被有机物包覆;将改性MoS2粉体填充于聚苯硫醚(PPS)、聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,力学拉伸试样断口的SEM分析表明:改性MoS2在PPS-PP复合材料中无团聚且分散均匀。     

纳米二氧化铈的低温水热一步法合成

在低温水热条件下,通过一步法合成了尺寸可控的二氧化铈纳米粒子.采用XRD和SEM对合成的样品进行表征.XRD结果表明,在三乙烯四胺(C6H18 N4)存在的条件下,通过水热法在80℃加热48h即可直接合成出二氧化铈纳米粒子,而无需将产物在高温下处理.SEM图显示,在80℃反应48h得到的二氧化铈为球形纳米颗粒,其平均粒径约为13nm.实验发现通过改变反应温度可以很容易地控制二氧化铈纳米粒子的粒径,其随着反应温度的升高而增大.由于整个反应过程可以在低温下完成,因而此合成方法具备实现工业化生产的潜力.     

Liquid-Metal-Templated Synthesis of 2D Graphitic Materials at Room Temperature

Room-temperature synthesis of 2D graphitic materials (2D-GMs) remains an elusive aim, especially with electrochemical means. Here, it is shown that liquid metals render this possible as they offer catalytic activity and an ultrasmooth templating interface that promotes Frank–van der Merwe regime growth, while allowing facile exfoliation due to the absence of interfacial forces as a nonpolar liquid. The 2D-GMs are formed at low onset potential and can be in situ doped depending on the choice of organic precursors and the electrochemical set-up. The materials are tuned to exhibit porous or pinhole-free morphologies and are engineered for their degree of oxidation and number of layers. The proposed liquid-metal-based room-temperature electrochemical route can be expanded to many other 2D materials.     

室温反应合成ZnSe粉体工艺研究

室内自然环境下在三乙醇胺(Triethanolamine,TEA)中利用硼氢化钾(KBH4)固相还原单质硒(Se),获得了稳定的硒氢酸根离子(HSe-)。在TEA中通过HSe-与ZnSO4.7H2O反应制备了橙黄色中间体。有机元素分析、全谱直读等离子体发射光谱(ICP)分析、红外光谱和紫外-可见光谱等测试结果表明,中间体由无机化合物组成。采用中间体分解、碱中和和二次还原工艺分别获得了初级、纯化和单相的ZnSe粉体。XRD和HRTEM测试结果表明,所制ZnSe粉体具有闪锌矿结构。室温荧光光谱测试结果显示样品在470nm和500nm具有强的荧光发射。     

Room Temperature Synthesis Mediated Porphyrinic NanoMOF Enables Benchmark Electrochemical Biosensing

Leveraging size effects, nanoparticles of metal-organic frameworks, nanoMOFs, have recently gained traction, amplifying their scopes in electrochemical sensing. However, their synthesis, especially under eco-friendly ambient conditions remains an unmet challenge. Herein, an ambient and fast secondary building unit (SBU)-assisted synthesis (SAS) route to afford a prototypal porphyrinic MOF, Fe-MOF-525 is introduced. Albeit the benign room temperature conditions, Fe-MOF-525(SAS) nanocrystallites obtained are of ≈30 nm size, relatively smaller than the ones conventional solvothermal methods elicit. Integrating Fe-MOF-525(SAS) as a thin film on a conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) surface affords Fe-MOF-525(SAS)/ITO, an electrochemical biosensor. Synergistic confluence of modular MOF composition, analyte-specific redox metalloporphyrin sites, and crystal downsizing contribute to its benchmark voltammetric uric acid (UA) sensing. Showcasing a wide linear range of UA detection with high sensitivity and low detection limit, this SAS strategy coalesces ambient condition synthesis and nanoparticle size control, paving a green way to advanced sensors.     

Morphology-Controlled Synthesis of CeO_2 Microstructures and Their Room Temperature Ferromagnetism

Gear-shape CeO_2 microstructures have been synthesized via a facile hydrothermal method with Ce(NO_3)_3·6H_2O as the cerium source, NH_4HCO_3 as both the precipitator and the carbon source, and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(CTAB) as the surfactant. X-ray diffraction(XRD) inferred that the synthesized CeO_2 microstructures exhibited a fluorite structure. The band gap(Eg) of CeO_2 samples is larger than that of bulk. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) showed that there are plenty of Ce~(3+) ions and oxygen vacancies at the surface of CeO_2 samples. All the synthesized CeO_2 samples exhibited the room temperature ferromagnetism, and the saturation magnetization increases with the increases of lattice parameter and Eg. The room temperature ferromagnetism mechanism of gear-shape CeO_2 is mainly attributed to the influence Ce~(3+) ions.     

室温下以Gemini表面活性剂为模板剂合成介孔TiO2

采用双子型季铵盐类阳离子表面活性剂溴代Gemini1231做模板剂,用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法在室温合成了介孔TiO₂材料,用TG-DTA、XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、TEM等进行表征.结果表明,用该模板剂合成的介孔TiO₂材料,合适的煅烧温度为480℃,其比表面积可达383.8m²/g,最可几孔径为5.8nm,广角XRD测试发现较强的锐钛矿型特征峰,而未发现金红石相特征衍射峰,说明本实验制备的介孔TiO₂为稳定锐钛矿型.通过小角X射线衍射分析发现,产物具有规整有序的介孔结构.     

Synthesis of Anatase Titania Nanostructures at Room Temperature by PECVD Technique

Anatase titania nanostructures have been synthesized at room temperature by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) process on silicon (100) substrates using titanium tetraisopropoxide [Ti(OC3H7)4, TTIP] vapor, argon and oxygen mixtures under various deposition pressures. The deposited titania has been characterized for its structural, morphological and chemical composition by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy recordings. With the variation of deposition pressure, titania assumes various nanostructures viz. nanocrystals, nanoparticles, noanorods and comb-like structure. EDX and FTIR measurements show that the deposited titania is of high chemical purity. The possible growth mechanisms for the observed titania nanostructures have been discussed.     

Synthesis and Room Temperature Ferromagnetism of Flower-shaped Mn Doped ZnO Nanostructures

Large-scale flower-shaped Mn doped ZnO nanostructures have been grown on silicon substrates by simple thermal evaporation at atmospheric pressure.The flower-shaped nanostructure makes up of many nanorods,which are rooted in one center.Analysis of X-ray diffraction,high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectra results reveal that the products are of single phase with wurtzite structure.Elemental mapping results show that no impurity clusters exist in the doped materials.The photoluminescence spectra demonstrate that many oxygen vacancies exist in the doped materials,and the crystal quality is improved and the content of oxygen vacancies is decreased by annealing treatment.The flower-shaped Mn doped ZnO nanostructures exhibit ferromagnetic ordering above room temperature,and its magnetization is decreased by the annealing treatment,which indicates that the magnetic behavior of the doped materials may be related to the interaction between Mn doping and the oxygen vacancies.     

溶剂热技术制备硫化镍纳米粉体

分别以硝酸镍和硫脲作镍源及硫源、以乙二醇作溶剂,采用溶剂热技术成功地制备了Ni3S2,α-NiS和NiS2粉体。研究结果显示原料的配比及反应温度能够影响产物的物相组成及形貌。