TiO2 Nanoparticles with High Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light

TiO₂ nanoparticles (C-TNT) with high visible light activity were obtained by carbonization of titania nanotubes (TNT) in an ethanol atmosphere under elevated pressure at 180 and 220 °C. New material was characterised by means of UV–Vis/DR, FTIR/DRS, TEM, and XRD. The photocatalytic activity was tested during monoazo dye decomposition under artificial solar light irradiation. Modified photocatalyst (220 °C, 4 h) had higher photocatalytic activity than both the pristine and commercial P25 catalysts.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Ni 8 wt%-Doped TiO2 Photocatalyst Synthesized by Mechanical Alloying Under Visible Light

Ni 8 wt%-doped titanium dioxide (TiO₂) was synthesized by mechanical alloying. The photocatalytic activity of Ni 8 wt%-doped TiO₂ powder was evaluated by measuring the visible light absorption ability by ultraviolet visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV/Vis-DRS) and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Ni 8 wt%-doped TiO₂ powders had only a rutile phase and spherical particles with an average grain size of less than 10 nm. The UV/Vis-DRS analysis showed that the UV absorption for the Ni 8 wt%-doped TiO₂ powder moved to a longer wavelength and the photoreactivity was rapidly enhanced. And PL results revealed that the new absorption was believed to be induced by localization of the trapping level near the valance band or conduction band. Moreover, Ni 8 wt%-doped TiO₂ had a high reaction activity for decomposition of 4-chlorophenol in aqueous solution under UV and visible light. To obtain the electronic structure of Ni-doped TiO₂, we have performed ab initio pseudopotential plane wave methods based on the density functional theory. The band gap of Ni-doped TiO₂ narrowed more than pure TiO₂. These results agree with the experimentally observed phenomenon.     

ZnO Nanofiber Field-Effect Transistor Assembled by Electrospinning

A ZnO nanofiber field-effect transistor (FET) was assembled by electrospinning. Uniform ZnO nanofibers with a diameter of ∼70 nm and length over 100 μm were first synthesized by electrospinning. Using two paralleled electrodes as fiber collectors, we have successfully placed a single ZnO nanofiber on the electrodes, and an FET device was fabricated based on the assembled nanofiber. An electrical transport measurement was conducted on the FET device, showing that ZnO nanofibers are intrinsic n- type semiconductors. The present findings demonstrate that electrospinning can potentially be used as a straightforward and cost-effective means for the assembly of one-dimensional nanostuctures for building integrated nanodevices for various applications, such as transistors, sensors, diodes, and photodetectors.     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants Under Visible Light Irradiation

Several TiO₂-based photocatalytic systems that have considerable visible light response have been developed, such as the photodegradation of organic pollutants on sensitized TiO₂ by visible light, construction of visible-light-active novel TiO₂ photocatalysts by matrix or surface modification. In this paper, we review briefly our recent progress in the TiO₂ photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants by visible light, some related work by other groups is also involved.     

Photocatalytic Activity of Novel Ag4V2O7 Photocatalyst Under Visible Light Irradiation

In this study, pure Ag₄V₂O₇ was synthesized via hydrothermal method without surfactant at different temperatures (100°C, 120°C, and 140°C) and pH values (4 and 5) for the first time. Moreover, Ag₄V₂O₇ nanoparticles with homogeneous size distribution about 200–300 nm can be obtained by adding polyvinylpyrrolidone to the synthesis system. Effects of hydrothermal synthesis conditions on photophysical properties and photocatalytic activity of Ag₄V₂O₇ were investigated systematically. Ag₄V₂O₇ sample prepared at 120°C and pH = 4 had the optimal photocatalytic activity among these samples, which almost completely degraded 10 ppm Rhodamine B within 3 h under visible light irradiation (420 nm < λ < 800 nm). The degradation products were measured by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy. The active species involved in the degradation process were analyzed by means of adding active species scavengers, electron spin resonance techniques, and photoelectrochemical experiments. A possible mechanism for photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants on Ag₄V₂O₇ photocatalyst was proposed and discussed preliminarily.     

Experimental Study on Photocatalytic Activity of Cu2O/Cu Nanocomposites Under Visible Light

Cu₂O/Cu nanocomposites (NCs) are synthesized using a two-step hydrothermal method, their different phase compositions are obtained by adjusting the reaction time, and then, they are used as photocatalysts to degrade dye Procion Red MX-5B (PR), methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) under visible-light. Experimental results indicate Cu₂O/Cu NCs exhibit a much higher photocatalytic activity than pure Cu₂O, they remain almost unchanged in their phase compositions in the long photocatalytic reaction process, except for partial oxidation of particle surface. They still exhibit a high photocatalytic activity even at the end of four photocatalytic reaction cycles. It can therefore be concluded that Cu₂O/Cu nanocomposites are good candidates for processing of pollutant water.     

具有可见光催化活性的TiO2系光催化剂研究进展

由于受激发波长的限制，TiO2只能利用太阳能中不足5％的紫外光。本文较为详细NTiO2可见光催化剂的制备、性能及应用进行了综述。研究表明，通过金属及非金属离子掺杂改性、离子注入以及染料光敏化等方法可以将TiO2光催化反应红移到可见光区域进行。     

可见光响应型BiOCl/AgCl光催化剂的合成及其光催化活性

以氯化铋和硝酸银为主要原料,采用水解法制备了可见光响应型的高效复合催化剂BiOCl/AgCl.利用X射线仪、扫描电镜等手段对样品进行表征,并以罗丹明B(RhB)为目标污染物,250 W卤素灯为可见光光源测试其光催化性能,研究了初始Bi3+/Ag+物质的量比、溶液pH值等对BiOCl/AgCl光催化活性的影响,并以EDTA,NBT andTBA作为抑制剂对光催化过程中产生的活性物种进行了检测.结果表明,以Bi3+/Ag+初始物质的量比为100:1合成的样品具有最佳的光催化活性,在RhB的浓度为20 mg/L、pH =4.6、光照30 min条件下,RhB的脱色率、COD和TOC去除率分别为98％、73％和48％.活性物种的检测表明光催化过程产生的主要活性物种为超氧阴离子,而非空穴和·OH自由基.     

负载金的掺氮二氧化钛的制备及其可见光催化性能

以纳米管钛酸为前驱体,采用水热法先制备得到新型N掺杂二氧化钛,然后用沉积沉淀法在N掺杂二氧化钛表面负载微量贵金属Au,制备得到负载Au的掺N二氧化钛.利用TEM、XRD、XPS、ESR和DRS等手段研究了样品的形貌、晶体结构、元素化学态和光谱吸收性质.样品光催化活性通过可见光催化降解丙烯进行评价,结果表明,样品N-TiO2和Au/N-TiO2具有明显的可见光(λ≥420 nm)催化活性.ESR结果表明,掺氮过程中生成的束缚单电子的氧空位是样品具有可见光响应的原因.     

Meso-C@TiO2 @Ag复合光催化剂的制备及其可见光催化性能

采用混合溶剂法,通过改变钛酸四丁酯(TBOT)的量合成一系列不同比例的RF@TiO2核-壳结构,于氮气气氛600℃下煅烧得到meso-C@TiO2,进一步对所得产物表面进行贵金属沉积最终得到meso-C@TiO2@Ag复合光催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、全自动比表面积及微孔物理吸附仪(BET)等对样品的成份、形貌和结构进行了表征.结果表明,成功制备了meso-C@TiO2@Ag三元介孔复合光催化材料,并且比表面积达到173.9 m2/g.在可见光照射下,以降解亚甲基蓝为模型,探讨了TBOT用量以及Ag负载量对产物光催化性能的影响.研究发现,当加入TBOT的量为0.3mL、AgNO3的投入量为10wt％时,所制备的meso-C@TiO2@Ag对亚甲基蓝的降解效果最佳,40 min内降解率接近100％,性能明显优于市售的纳米二氧化钛P25.     

硼银共掺杂二氧化钛材料的制备及光催化性能的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源,硝酸银和硼酸为掺杂剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硼银共掺杂二氧化钛催化剂,采用紫外可见光漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、X射线衍射光谱(XRD)对样品进行表征。以400W金卤灯为光源降解20mg/L甲基橙溶液,光照30min分别探究Ag摩尔分数、B摩尔分数、煅烧温度、煅烧时间等制备条件对光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,银硼共掺杂二氧化钛是结构不规则、大小不均匀的块状颗粒,硼、银离子成功掺入TiO2中。硼银元素的掺入使TiO2的光谱响应范围向可见光方向发生了明显红移。当煅烧温度为400℃,煅烧时间为2h,Ag摩尔分数为1.2%,B摩尔分数为6mol%时,Ag-B-TiO2降解效果最为显著,降解率为89.47%。     

Photocatalytic Degradation of Isopropanol Over PbSnO3 Nanostructures Under Visible Light Irradiation

Nanostructured PbSnO₃ photocatalysts with particulate and tubular morphologies have been synthesized from a simple hydrothermal process. As-prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller surface area, transmission electron microscopy, and diffraction spectroscopy. The photoactivities of the PbSnO₃ nanostructures for isopropanol (IPA) degradation under visible light irradiation were investigated systematically, and the results revealed that these nanostructures show much higher photocatalytic properties than bulk PbSnO₃ material. The possible growth mechanism of tubular PbSnO₃ catalyst was also investigated briefly.     

纳米N掺杂TiO2的制备及可见光催化活性研究

N-doped TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalysts were prepared through a sol-gel procedure using NH4Cl as the nitrogen source and followed by calcination at certain temperature. Systematic studies for the preparation parameters and their impact on the structure and photocatalytic activity under ultraviolet (UV) and visible light irradiation were carried out. Multiple techniques (XRD,TEM,DRIF,DSC,and XPS) were commanded to characterize the crystal structures and chemical binding of N-doped TiO2. Its photocatalytic activity was examined by the degradation of organic compounds. The catalytic activity of the prepared N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light (λ＞400nm) irradiation is evidenced by the decomposition of 4-chlorophenol,showing that nitrogen atoms in the N-doped TiO2 nanoparticle catalyst are responsible for the visible light catalytic activity. The N-doped TiO2 nanoparticle catalyst prepared with this modified route exhibits higher catalytic activity under UV irradiation in contrast to TiO2 without N-doping. It is suggested that the doped nitrogen here is located at the interstitial site of TiO2 lattice.     

尖晶石铁酸锌复合材料的制备及其可见光催化性能

为提高尖晶石铁酸锌(ZnFe2O4)对环丙沙星(CIP)的光降解催化活性,采用溶剂热法制备以还原氧化石墨烯(RGO)为基底并负载氧化铋(Bi2O3)的Bi2O3/ZnFe2O4/RGO光催化剂.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-vis)等对催化剂的微...     

纳米二氧化钛可见光催化活性的最新研究进展

文章综述了近年来研究二氧化钛可见光催化活性的最新进展。其中主要包括氧化物掺杂、金属离子掺杂、非金属掺杂、染料敏化、二氧化钛表面复合与衍生、半导体耦合等,同时探讨了各种不同掺杂改性的机理。最后,对提高二氧化钛的可见光催化活性的研究方向与前景进行了展望。     

A Novel Method for Preparing V-doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Film Photocatalysts with High Photocatalytic Activity Under Visible Light Irradiation

The liquid phase deposition (LPD) method was successfully used for preparing V-doped TiO₂ thin film photocatalysts. In this simple and easily-controlled process, V-doped anatase TiO₂ thin films were directly deposited on a soda lime glass substrate placed in an aqueous solution containing Ti- and V-fluoro complex ions, followed by annealing. The thin films were analyzed by XRD, XPS, UV-vis. V⁴⁺ ions were introduced into the lattice of TiO₂ through in-situ substituting Ti⁴⁺. The absorption edge of V-doped TiO₂ films shifted to visible light region. The highly efficient photocatalytic activity was verified by the decomposition of methylene blue under visible light irradiation.     

N修饰纳米TiO2可见光催化降解氮氧化物

为了充分利用可见光催化转化氮氧化物,采用碳酸铵作为N源,用浸渍的方法制备了掺N的纳米TiO2。XRD分析结果表明,修饰和煅烧过程没有改变TiO2的晶型;由X光电子能谱(XPS)可得,N在TiO2晶格中形成N—Ti—O键;催化剂的UV-Vis漫反射光谱显示,N修饰TiO2催化剂的吸收光谱发生了一定程度的红移,在可见光区有一定的吸收。N修饰TiO2催化在蓝光照射下对NO2有一定的转化。合适的N修饰量和煅烧温度对修饰过程非常重要,m[(NH4)2CO3]/m(TiO2)为0.20的混合物在600℃下煅烧1.0 h的催化剂在可见光下转化NO2的活性最高。     

Synthesis of Ternary Heterostructure Semiconductor Photocatalyst and Its Photocatalytic Performance Under Visible Light Irradiation

Introducing magnetic metal onto semiconductor materials has been proven to be an attractive strategy for enhancing the photocatalytic activity in the visible region. In this work, ternary heterostructure magnetic semiconductor photocatalyst RGO/ZnFe₂O₄/Ag₂WO₄ was successfully synthesized through a simple hydrothermal method and was evaluated by photodegradation of Rhodamine B (RhB) under visible light irradiation. The composition, structure, morphology, and optical absorption properties of the as-prepared photocatalyst were investigated by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and UV–Vis DRS, respectively. It was found that the photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was in the order of RGO/ZnFe₂O₄/Ag₂WO₄?>?ZnFe₂O₄?>?Ag₂WO₄?>?RGO/ZnFe₂O₄ and RGO/ZnFe₂O₄/Ag₂WO₄. The enhancement of photocatalytic performance could be attributed to the reduced graphene oxide sheets can function as an electron collector and transporter to lengthen the lifetime of the charge carriers, improving the whole photocatalytic activity. The reaction kinetics, possible degradation pathway, and catalyst stability, as well as the roles of ZnFe₂O₄ and Ag₂WO₄ in photoreaction, were comprehensively studied. The obtained results indicate that the prepared magnetic and effective catalytic materials could be potentially applied in environmental organic pollutants purification.

     

可见光响应的Fe^3＋修饰纳米TiO2光催化降解氮氧化物研究

为了在光催化转化氮氧化物的反应中利用可见光,以Fe（NO3）·9H2O作为Fe^3＋源,采用浸渍的方法,制备了Fe^3＋修饰的纳米TiO2。经XRD分析表明,搀杂和煅烧过程没有改变TiO2的晶型。由XRD和XPS图谱可知,Fe^3＋在TiO2表面形成Ti—O—Fe键。催化剂的UV-Vis漫反射光谱显示,Fe^3＋修饰TiO2催化剂的吸收光谱发生了一定程度的红移,在可见光区有一定的吸收。Fe^3＋修饰TiO2催化在蓝光照射下对NOx有一定的转化而且在模拟自然光下NOx的转化效率也有所提高。合适的Fe^3＋修饰量对修饰过程非常重要,Fe^3＋/Ti^4＋摩尔比为0.2%并在600℃下煅烧1.0 h的催化剂在可见光下转化NOx的活性最高。     

Converting Layered Zinc Acetate Nanobelts to One-dimensional Structured ZnO Nanoparticle Aggregates and their Photocatalytic Activity

We were successful in synthesizing periodic layered zinc acetate nanobelts through a hydrothermal solution process. One-dimensional structured ZnO nanoparticle aggregate was obtained by simple thermal annealing of the above-mentioned layered ZnO acetate nanobelts at 300 °C. The morphology, microstructure, and composition of the synthesized ZnO and its precursors were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Low angle X-ray diffraction spectra reveal that as-synthesized zinc acetate has a layered structure with two interlayer d-spacings (one is 1.32 nm and the other is 1.91 nm). SEM and TEM indicate that nanobelt precursors were 100–200 nm in width and possesses length up to 30 μm. Calcination of precursor in air results in the formation of one-dimensional structured ZnO nanoparticle aggregates. In addition, the as-prepared ZnO nanoparticle aggregates exhibit high photocatalytic activity for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO).