高强钢旁路热丝等离子弧打底焊接头组织和性能

采用旁路热丝等离子弧焊接工艺进行高强钢Y形坡口的打底焊,该工艺有效结合了等离子弧穿透能力强、电弧热丝熔敷效率高、旁路分流热输入可控的技术优势,对中厚高强钢板实现单面焊接双面成形. 结果表明,正面焊缝成形美观,无焊接缺陷;背面焊缝轻微突出,厚板完全焊透;经过反复的受热冷却,打底焊焊缝的微观组织得到细化.力学性能分析得出,热影响区硬度最低,焊缝区略高于母材区;打底焊焊缝的硬度高于填充焊和盖面焊;拉伸断裂发生在母材区,断口扫描出现韧窝,为韧性断裂.     

焊接机器人管道全自动打底焊研究

采用自主研发的新型管道全位置焊接机器人,结合CMT焊接电源,研究了一种焊接机器人管道全自动打底焊方法.打底焊整圈一次完成,所焊焊道只有一个接头.试验表明,该打底焊方法焊接速度快,焊缝成形美观,背面成形良好,实现了管道全自动打底焊单面焊双面成形.     

MAG焊在压力容器生产中的应用

通过对比分析、试验等手段,选择适当的焊接材料、焊接工艺参数,克服了MAG焊易出现气孔、合金元素烧损、飞溅大等缺陷,摒弃了以往压力容器受压焊缝生产中TIC焊打底,手工焊盖面的传统焊接方法,在压力容器受压焊缝中创造性地引进了MAG焊焊接方法,成功地应用于压力容器的生产中,大大提高了生产效率,创造了良好的经济效益.     

机器人MAG焊单面焊双面成形技术

介绍了机器人MAG焊打底的焊接系统组成,论述了机器人MAG焊打底焊接工艺,研究了间隙0～2mm范围内打底焊焊缝正反面成形,焊缝正面平滑美观,焊缝背面平滑余高较小,同时研究了此工艺下焊接电流与坡口间隙、钝边的线性关系,焊接热输入及试板倾角变化对背面余高的影响。通过分析可知,控制合适的热输入及试板倾角,可获得背面余高不大于...     

喷瓷管道焊接接头的自熔覆防护

通过分析焊接对喷瓷管道焊接接头处瓷层的影响，提出了用自熔覆法对焊接接头进行防护。试验结果表明，在合适的电流下采用TIG焊打底能够使焊口附近的瓷层重熔并向焊缝流布、熔覆，在焊缝区形成保护层，起到自熔覆防护作用；焊前管端预涂釉浆能有效增加焊后接头区自熔覆瓷层的厚度，提高瓷层的防护效果；焊后采用火焰加热对接头区进行重熔处理，可以消除瓷层中气泡、裂纹等缺陷。采用焊前管端预涂釉浆、TIG焊打底、焊条电弧焊填充、焊后接头区瓷层重熔处理等配套措施能够有效解决喷瓷管道焊接接头的防护问题，焊后不用进行内补口。     

坡口预留间隙对高强度钢厚板打底焊缝成形的影响

利用MSC. Marc有限元分析软件对低合金高强度钢厚板打底焊热过程进行数值模拟,从温度场角度分析坡口预留间隙大小对焊缝根部熔合的影响,并通过焊接试验对模拟结果进行验证和补充. 结果表明,在低合金高强度钢要求的焊接热输入下,当预留间隙小于2 mm时,打底焊缝根部出现未熔合或未焊透缺陷;当预留间隙增大到2~4 mm时,打底焊缝根部熔透,焊缝成形良好;当间隙增大到5 mm以上后,热源不足以熔化较多的侧壁母材金属,可能出现未熔合,实际焊接时需要采用大热输入摆动才能熔合良好.     

大厚板双面双TIG电弧打底焊熔池成形特性

采用视觉图像监测法对新开发的双面双TIG电弧错位同步打底焊熔池成形特性进行了研究.结果表明,根部预留间隙是保证打底焊根部熔合的有效措施,可以实现大厚板不清根焊接.脉冲TIG焊是大厚板打底焊的优选方法,峰值期间电弧熔化能力强,坡口根部两侧边缘熔化良好.基值期间熔池迅速凝固,防止了下淌.双TIG电弧错位同步打底焊时,后电弧的加入导致两弧之间工件高温区增加,前电弧熔池拉长.焊缝宏观金相显示母材充分熔化,没有侧壁未熔合,焊缝正表面成形圆滑过渡,没有气孔、裂纹、夹渣、咬边等成形缺陷.     

舟山桃夭门大桥钢箱梁大间隙焊缝陶质衬垫单面焊接

针对舟山桃夭门大桥架设过程中出现的大间隙焊缝(30mm),配合超宽陶质衬垫,采用CO2气体保护焊结合埋弧自动焊的焊接工艺进行了焊接工艺试验,确定了合理的焊接工艺参数。经焊缝缺陷、硬度和力学性能等方面的检测表明,对于大间隙焊缝,配合超宽陶质衬垫,采用CO2气体保护焊进行打底焊、埋弧自动焊进行盖面焊接的单面焊接工艺完全可获得性能优良的焊接接头。     

焊接工艺对Inconel 718镍铬基合金管结构环焊缝残余应力和变形影响的有限元分析

采用等离子柬焊(PBW)和钨极惰性气体保护焊(TIG)方法对大口径镍铬合金石油管道环焊缝进行打底焊接,采用数值模拟方法分析了两种打底焊接工艺下,焊缝及其邻近区域的温度场、残余变形和残余应力的分布.数值模拟时,根据两种焊接工艺的热源特点,选用不同的热源模型进行计算;同时考虑了材料热物理性能与温度的非线性关系,以及相变潜热对温度场的影响.结果表明,采用PBW能够得到深而窄的焊缝截面,残余应力和残余变形都比TIG打底焊缝小.     

厚板双TIG打底焊缝根部熔合的数值模拟

建立了厚板双面双TIG打底焊有限元模型,并通过焊接试验验证该模型的合理性及准确性.在此基础上分别对不同错边及钝边的坡口形式下厚板打底焊温度场进行了模拟.结果表明,随着预留间隙的增大,双弧打底焊可熔化的钝边量增大,可允许的错边范围先增大后减小;在厚板打底焊时,当钝边及错边之和不超过4 mm时预留2~4 mm的间隙能够得到根部熔合良好的焊缝;存在的错边及钝边量之和超过6 mm将产生未焊透缺陷;当钝边及错边之和在4~6 mm之间时打底焊缝根部熔合情况随着间隙改变而变化.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.