聚氯乙烯/木质素共混物的热稳定性

采用热重分析法研究了聚氯乙烯（PVC）/木质素共混物的热稳定性。结果表明,共混物的热稳定性取决于2个相反效应的叠加效果：一是木质素分子中的受阻酚类结构单元具有捕捉热降解中形成的自由基的功能,因此可以改善共混物的热稳定性;二是木质素在150~250 ℃的温度区间内会发生轻微的脱水现象,水分对PVC的自催化脱氯化氢过程具有促进作用,因此会降低PVC的热稳定性。在热分解初期,后者起主要作用,共混物的早期热稳定性有所降低;但当木质素在更高温度下完成脱水后,前者变成主要作用,共混物的中期热稳定性有明显提升。     

裂解色谱法对共聚物与共混物的鉴定

李文应用裂解色谱法对丙烯酸酯等物质的共聚物与共混物进行了鉴定。     

发展PVC共聚,共混物的前景

作者借助于国外的报导,加以判断、取舍,从氯乙烯共聚物的种种、应用领域现状、PVC的化学改性及共混改性加以论述,目的在于互相学习、共同努力,来完善在我国这一较新领域的事业发展有所借鉴。     

用ES共聚物对PE—PS共混物增容的研究

准无规乙烯－苯乙烯共聚物是由一种限定几何结构的催化剂制备,对聚乙烯－聚苯乙烯共混物的增容是非常有效的。     

VC／BA共混物增容PVC／HDPE共混体系的研究

采用氯乙烯—丙烯酸丁酯(VC/BA)共混物作为聚氯乙烯(PVC)/高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)共混物的增容剂,通过冲击实验、拉仲实验、动态力学分析,系统地研究了共混体系性能与其结构之间的关系。通过Brabender流变仪测定了VC/BA共混物增容PVC/HDPE共混体系的流变性能。结果表明,VC/BA共混物是PVC/HDPE共混体系的良好增容剂。在一定范围内,VC/BA共混物与HDPE对PVC有协同增韧效应。vC/BA和HDPE的加入改善了PVC的塑化和流变性能     

HPVC／SBR共混物的增容及力学性能的研究

ＳｈｅｒｓｈｎｅｖＶＡ（ＭｏｓｃｏｗＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＦｉｎｅＣｈｅｍｉｃａｌＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ）采用动态硫化方法制备高聚合度氯乙烯／丁苯橡胶共混型热塑性弹性体。考察了硫化条件、相容剂和返炼次数对共混物力学性能的影响。结果表明,加入１～３份相容剂可以明显改善共混物的力学性能,其中以嵌段共聚物ＳＥＢＳ效果最好。     

Miscibility and mechanical properties of poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) and poly(butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) ionomer blends

The miscibility of polystyrene with poly(butyl acrylate) is very poor. Ionic interactions have been utilized recently as miscibility enhancers. In this paper, dynamic mechanical studies indicate that ion pair–ion pair interactions can be utilized to achieve miscibility in blends of polystyrene and poly(butyl acrylate). The styrenes contain 0–15mol% quaternary ammonium salt of 4-vinylpyridine, while the butyl acrylates contain 0–15mol% potassium acrylate groups. The miscibility increases with increase of ion content. When the ion content exceeds 11mol%, the polymers can be completely miscible. The mechanical properties of the ionomers and their blends were also studied. The results indicate that the tensile strength of ionomer blends is higher than that of corresponding poly(butyl acrylate-co-potassium acrylate)s (PBA-AA-K). The elongation at break of ionomer blends is higher than that of the corresponding poly(styrene-co-N-methyl-4-vinylpyridinium iodide) (PS-4VP-Q). © 1998 SCI.     

Miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-vinyl pyridine) and poly(butyl acrylate-co-acrylic acid) blends

Summary In order to enhance the miscibility of poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(butyl acrylate), pyridyl and carboxylic acid groups were introduced on the comonent polymer chains by free radical copolymerization. Differential scanning calorimetry shows that the blend of component polymers containing less than 10 mole% of carboxylic acid and pyridyl groups is immiscible, but the blend of more than 10 mole% become partially to completely miscible as the functionality increases. The chemical interaction between carboxylic acid and pyridyl group in the blend was manifested by a blue shift of 9 cm^–1in the infrared stretching frequency of pyridyl group.     

Thermal properties and phase morphology of melt‐mixed poly(trimethylene terephthalate)/poly(hexamethylene isophthalamide) blends

This work examines the thermal properties and phase morphology of melt‐mixed poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT)/poly(hexamethylene isophthalamide) (PA 6I) blends. Two temperatures, i.e., 250 and 260°C, are used to prepare the blends, respectively. Differential scanning calorimetry results indicate the immiscible feature of the blends. It is thus concluded that the ester‐amide interchange reaction hardly occurred in the PTT/PA 6I blends. Depending on the composition and mixing temperature, the crystallization ability of PTT in the blends is either enhanced or hindered. Basically, a lower PA 6I content shifts the PTT melt crystallization to a higher temperature, whereas a higher PA 6I content causes an opposing outcome. The original complex melting behavior of neat PTT becomes more regular after the incorporation of 60 wt % or 80 wt % of PA 6I. Thermogravimetry analyses (TGA) show that the thermal stability of the blends improves as the PA 6I content increases. The two‐phased morphology of the blends is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Polarized light microscopy (PLM) results reveal that the PTT spherulites become coarser with the inclusion of PA 6I; only smaller/dispersed crystallites are observed in the blend with 20 wt % of PTT. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Intercalated rare earth hydrotalcite-like materials and their application in stabilizers in poly (vinyl chloride)

In this research, ZnAlLa-itaconate-LDHs was synthesized by means of Co-precipitation-hydrothermal method. The effects of aluminum-lanthanum ratio, co-precipitation time, hydrothermal time, and hydrothermal temperature on the crystal structure were studied. As a result, the optimum condition was found to be: n(Al³⁺): n(La³⁺) = 10:1, co-precipitation time 24 h, hydrothermal time 8 h, and hydrothermal temperature 180°C. The influence of ZnAlLa-itaconate-LDHs on the thermal stability properties and plasticizing properties of PVC were investigated, exhibiting long-term stability of 76 min with short plasticizing time of 1.11 min. Long-term thermal stability mechanism was studied by FTIR before and after hydrochloric acid treatment. It was demonstrated that the thermal stabilizer ZnAlLa-itaconate-LDHs prevented the rupture of the C Cl bond in PVC and inhibited the development of HCl. Consequently, impeded the production of CC bond and playing a role in thermal stabilization of PVC.     

Contributions to characterization of poly(vinyl chloride)–lignin blends

The present study evaluates the impact of blending organosolv and kraft lignins, which are natural polymer by‐products in the pulp and paper industry, with plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) in flooring formulations. Also examined is the impact of replacing dioctyl phthalate, a PVC industry general‐purpose plasticizer, with diethylene glycol dibenzoate (Benzoflex 2‐45), tricresyl phosphate (Lindol), or alkyl sulfonic phenyl ester (Mesamoll) in these formulations. The influence of the different types of lignins and plasticizers on the processibility, thermal, and mechanical properties of the blends is discussed. These properties demonstrate that partial replacement of PVC (20 parts) with different lignins is feasible for some formulations that can be successfully used as matrices for a high level of calcium carbonate filler in flooring products. In addition, the data demonstrate that the presence of certain plasticizers, which interfere with the intramolecular interactions existing in lignins, may allow the lignin molecules to have more molecular mobility. The morphology and the properties of PVC plasticized lignin blends are strongly influenced by the degree and mode of the lignin plasticization and its dispersion within the PVC matrix. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 2732–2748, 2006     

The effect of additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride)

The effect of a range of organic additives on the thermal stability of poly(vinyl chloride), both with and without a chloroparaffin extender, was studied using a number of experimental techniques. Of the additives used the best overall balance was provided by pentaerythritol, which increased stability when the extender was present and had no effect when it was absent. The congo red test emerged as the most suitable technique, being consistent and inexpensive and able to screen several additives simultaneously. Isothermal differential thermal analysis correlated with the congo red test but required more expensive equipment, was time-consuming and demanded good mixing of the poly(vinyl chloride) compound to give reproducible results. Thermogravimetry was not sufficiently sensitive and the heat stability test was the least useful of all.     

Thermal characterization of poly(vinyl chloride) samples prepared by living radical polymerization: Comparison with poly(vinyl chloride) prepared by free radical polymerization

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) samples were synthesized by a living radical polymerization (LRP) method and compared with commercial PVC prepared by the conventional free radical polymerization (FRP). The differences were assessed, for the first time, in terms of viscosimetry parameters and thermal analysis. The LRP method used to prepare the PVC‐LRP samples is the only one available to obtain this polymer free of structural defects, being of commercial interest in a view of preparing a new generation of PVC‐based polymer with outstanding performance. The polymerization temperature selected (35°C) to prepare the LRP samples is currently used in the industry to prepare PVC‐FRP grades with moderate to high molecular weight. Since the thermal stability is a direct consequence of the polymer structure, this study is of vital importance to understand the potential of new PVC‐LRP. The thermoanalytical measurements demonstrate an enhanced thermal stability of PVC‐LRP when compared with its FRP counterpart. The PVC‐LRP sample with very low molecular weight reveals a higher thermal stability than the most stable PVC‐FRP sample. It is the first report dealing with thermal analysis of PVC prepared by LRP. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

影响PVC树脂热稳定性的原因及分析

对比分析了3批聚合度为1000的聚氯乙烯(PVC)树脂的热稳定性、相对分子质量及其分布、偏二氯乙烯链节含量、分子链双键的相对含量及重金属离子含量.结果发现,热稳定性差的树脂双键相对含量较高,重金属离子相对含量明显高出正常批次料;同时还检测出了偏二氯乙烯链节.研究认为,引起配混料和医用粒料颜色发暗、雾度升高、制品黄色指数高的主要原因首先是树脂重金属离子含量高,对树脂老化起到了催化作用;其次是原料单体中的杂质参与了聚合,形成了分子链缺陷,导致热稳定性下降.     

Modification of poly(vinyl chloride) by IPN formation with poly(ethyl acrylate)

Semi‐1 and semi‐2 interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and in situ formed poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) have been synthesized using diallyl phthalate and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the crosslinkers of PVC and PEA, respectively. These two types of IPNs have been compared with respect to their physical, mechanical, and thermal properties and an endeavor has been made to find a correlation of these properties with the morphology generated in these systems. The semi‐1 IPNs displayed a decrease in their tensile strength and modulus while in contrast; the semi‐2 IPNs exhibited a marginal increase with increasing crosslinked PEA incorporation. The semi‐1 and semi‐2 IPNs containing 10 and 30 wt % of PEA displayed a two‐stage degradation typical of PVC in their thermogravimetric and DSC studies while confirming the increased stability of the samples with higher percentages of PEA. The softening characteristics as detected by the extent of penetration of the thermomechanical probe as has been detected by thermomechanical analysis are in conformity with their mechanicals. The biphasic cocontinuous systems as explicit from the morphological studies reveal fibrillar characteristics in both the systems. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009